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Criminal Law Commons

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2006

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Institution
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Articles 301 - 330 of 515

Full-Text Articles in Criminal Law

The Revolution Enters The Court: The Constitutional Significance Of Wrongful Convictions In Contemporary Constitutional Regulation Of The Death Penalty, Jordan Steiker Jan 2006

The Revolution Enters The Court: The Constitutional Significance Of Wrongful Convictions In Contemporary Constitutional Regulation Of The Death Penalty, Jordan Steiker

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

Over the last decade, the most important events in American death pen-alty law have occurred outside the courts. The discovery of numerous wrongfully convicted death-sentenced inmates in Illinois led to the most substantial reflection on the American death penalty system since the late 1960s and early 1970s. Former Illinois Governor George Ryan, a Republi-can, first declared a moratorium on executions in 2000 and eventually commuted all 167 inmates on Illinois’s death row in 2003. The events in Illinois reverberated nationwide. Almost overnight, state legislative agendas shifted from expanding or maintaining the prevailing reach of the death penalty to studying its …


Legitimizing Error, Rebecca E. Woodman Jan 2006

Legitimizing Error, Rebecca E. Woodman

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

Since Furman v. Georgia, the Supreme Court has sought to harmonize competing constitutional demands under Eighth Amendment rules regulat-ing the two-step eligibility and selection stages of the capital decision-making process. Furman’s demand for rationality and consistency requires that, at the eligibility stage, the sentencer’s discretion be limited and guided by clear and objective fact-based standards that rationally narrow the class of death-eligible defendants. The selection stage requires a determination of whether a specific death-eligible defendant actually deserves that punish-ment, as distinguished from other death-eligible defendants. Here, fundamental fairness and respect for the uniqueness of the individual are the cornerstones of …


The Model Federal Sentencing Guidelines Project: Sentencing Factors Applicable To All Offense Types, Model Sentencing Guidelines §3.1 - 3.6, Frank O. Bowman Iii Jan 2006

The Model Federal Sentencing Guidelines Project: Sentencing Factors Applicable To All Offense Types, Model Sentencing Guidelines §3.1 - 3.6, Frank O. Bowman Iii

Faculty Publications

This Article is the ninth of twelve parts of a set of Model Federal Sentencing Guidelines designed to illustrate the feasibility and advantages of a simplified approach to federal sentencing proposed by the Constitution Project Sentencing Initiative. The Model Sentencing Guidelines and the Constitution Project report are all to be published in Volume 18, Number 5 of the Federal Sentencing Reporter. The project is described in an essay titled 'Tis a Gift To Be Simple: A Model Reform of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.


The Blaming Function Of Entity Criminal Liability, Samuel W. Buell Jan 2006

The Blaming Function Of Entity Criminal Liability, Samuel W. Buell

Faculty Scholarship

Application of the doctrine of entity criminal liability, which had only a thin tort-like rationale at inception, now sometimes instantiates a social practice of blaming institutions. Examining that social practice can ameliorate persistent controversy over entity liability's place in the criminal law. An organization's role in its agent's bad act is often evaluated with a moral slant characteristic of judgments of criminality and with inquiry into whether the institution qua institution contributed to the agent's wrong. Legal process, by lending clarity and authority, enhances the communicative impact, in the form of reputational effects, of blaming an institution for a wrong. …


Novel Criminal Fraud, Samuel W. Buell Jan 2006

Novel Criminal Fraud, Samuel W. Buell

Faculty Scholarship

The crime of fraud has been underdescribed and undertheorized, both as a wrong and as a legal prohibition. These deficits contribute to contention and uncertainty over the practice of punishing white-collar crime. This Article provides a fuller account of criminal fraud, describing fraud law's open-textured, common-law, and adaptive qualities and explaining how fraud law develops along its leading edge while limiting violence to the legality principle. The legal system has a surprising, often overlooked methodology for resolving whether to treat novel commercial behaviors as frauds: Courts and enforcers often conduct an ex post examination of whether an actor's mental state …


Comment, Saving Toby: Extortion, Blackmail, And The Right To Destroy, Stephen E. Sachs Jan 2006

Comment, Saving Toby: Extortion, Blackmail, And The Right To Destroy, Stephen E. Sachs

Faculty Scholarship

On the website SaveToby.com, one may find many endearing pictures of Toby, the cutest little bunny on the planet. Unfortunately, on June 30, 2005, the lovable Toby was scheduled to be butchered and eaten - unless the website's readers sent $50,000 to save his life. Though Toby's owner has since granted him a temporary reprieve - until Nov. 6, 2006 - the threat raises a fascinating issue of law. Extortion statutes prohibiting threats to destroy property generally do not prohibit threats to destroy one's own property. The law thus provides insufficient protection to a variety of resources on which others …


Behavioural Genetics In Criminal Cases: Past, Present And Future, Nita A. Farahany, William Bernet Jan 2006

Behavioural Genetics In Criminal Cases: Past, Present And Future, Nita A. Farahany, William Bernet

Faculty Scholarship

Researchers studying human behavioral genetics have made significant scientific progress in enhancing our understanding of the relative contributions of genetics and the environment in observed variations in human behavior. Quickly outpacing the advances in the science are its applications in the criminal justice system. Already, human behavioral genetics research has been introduced in the U.S. criminal justice system, and its use will only become more prevalent. This essay discusses the recent historical use of behavioral genetics in criminal cases, recent advances in two gene variants of particular interest in the criminal law, MAOA and SLC6A4, the recent expert testimony on …


Trial By Jury Involving Persons Accused Of Terrorism Or Supporting Terrorism, Neil Vidmar Jan 2006

Trial By Jury Involving Persons Accused Of Terrorism Or Supporting Terrorism, Neil Vidmar

Faculty Scholarship

This chapter explores issues in jury trials involving persons accused of committing acts of international terrorism or financially or otherwise supporting those who do or may commit such acts. The jury is a unique institution that draws upon laypersons to decide whether a person charged with a crime is guilty or innocent. Although the jury is instructed and guided by a trial judge and procedural rules shape what the jury is allowed to hear, ultimately the laypersons deliberate alone and render their verdict. A basic principle of the jury system is that at the start of trial the jurors should …


The Rehnquist Court And The Death Penalty, Erwin Chemerinsky Jan 2006

The Rehnquist Court And The Death Penalty, Erwin Chemerinsky

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


One Of The Likely Defendants Before The Extraordinary Chambers, Mr. Ieng Sary, Received A Pardon By The King Of Cambodia In Relation To His 1979 Conviction For Genocide. The U.N. And Cambodia Have Agreed That [The Eccc] Should Decide The Scope Of This Pardon.., Conor Mclaughlin Jan 2006

One Of The Likely Defendants Before The Extraordinary Chambers, Mr. Ieng Sary, Received A Pardon By The King Of Cambodia In Relation To His 1979 Conviction For Genocide. The U.N. And Cambodia Have Agreed That [The Eccc] Should Decide The Scope Of This Pardon.., Conor Mclaughlin

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


To What Extent Does The Cambodian Extraordinary Chambers Meet The Requirements For A Tribunal To Be Deemed Legitimate As Set Out By The Appeals Chamber Of The Icty In The Tadic Case?, Brianne Draffin Jan 2006

To What Extent Does The Cambodian Extraordinary Chambers Meet The Requirements For A Tribunal To Be Deemed Legitimate As Set Out By The Appeals Chamber Of The Icty In The Tadic Case?, Brianne Draffin

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


After The 1991 Gulf War Ended, The Shiite Population In Southern Iraq And The Kurdish Population In Northern Iraq Revolted Against The Iraqi Government... : Deliberate Attacks, Imams From These Mosques Were Providing Medical Treatment And Shelter To Injured Civilians And Insurgents..., Emily J. Peters Jan 2006

After The 1991 Gulf War Ended, The Shiite Population In Southern Iraq And The Kurdish Population In Northern Iraq Revolted Against The Iraqi Government... : Deliberate Attacks, Imams From These Mosques Were Providing Medical Treatment And Shelter To Injured Civilians And Insurgents..., Emily J. Peters

War Crimes Memoranda

. 3) Iraqi troops entered hospitals in Basrah and Karbala and summarily murdered any males between the age of 12 and 70. Iraqi troops also murdered, tortured, and raped medical personnel who had provided treatment to insurgents. 4) Ali Hassan Al Majid rounded up male civilians (of fighting age) and ordered them to drink petrol. After these men drank the petrol, Al Majid ordered his troops to fire or personally fired himself tracer bullets into the victims so that the petrol would ignite and the victim would explode. This tactic was used to intimidate people into offering information about insurgent …


Bail In The 21st Century: Is There A Role For Ankle Monitors, Electronic Supervision, And The Like Within International Criminal Justice In Light Of Long Pre-Trial Detention?, David Selby Jan 2006

Bail In The 21st Century: Is There A Role For Ankle Monitors, Electronic Supervision, And The Like Within International Criminal Justice In Light Of Long Pre-Trial Detention?, David Selby

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


Can The International Criminal Court Accept A Referral From The United Nations Security Council Of The Murder Of Former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri?, Madhusha Dissanayake Jan 2006

Can The International Criminal Court Accept A Referral From The United Nations Security Council Of The Murder Of Former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri?, Madhusha Dissanayake

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


Do Any Of The Following Acts, Which Occurred During Iraq’S Invasion And Occupation Of Kuwait, Constitute Crimes Under The Iht Statute: (1) The Removal Of Food, Medical Supplies, And Medical Equipment From Kuwait To Iraq; (2) The Destruction Of Kuwaiti Assets And Infrastructures; And (3) The Destruction Of Kuwaiti Oil Wells And Oil Refineries, And The Deliberate Release Of Oil Into The Persian Gulf?, Andrew M. Katz Jan 2006

Do Any Of The Following Acts, Which Occurred During Iraq’S Invasion And Occupation Of Kuwait, Constitute Crimes Under The Iht Statute: (1) The Removal Of Food, Medical Supplies, And Medical Equipment From Kuwait To Iraq; (2) The Destruction Of Kuwaiti Assets And Infrastructures; And (3) The Destruction Of Kuwaiti Oil Wells And Oil Refineries, And The Deliberate Release Of Oil Into The Persian Gulf?, Andrew M. Katz

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


Does International Law Provide Guidance About The Obligations Of The Iraqi Government And/Or Multinational Forces-Iraq To Provide Security For The Defense Attorneys And Their Families?, David Willis Jan 2006

Does International Law Provide Guidance About The Obligations Of The Iraqi Government And/Or Multinational Forces-Iraq To Provide Security For The Defense Attorneys And Their Families?, David Willis

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


Does The Principle Of Lex Mitior Limit The Iraqi High Tribunal’S Ability To Impose The Death Sentence On Those Found Guilty Of Capital Crimes?, Meredith Wood Bowen Jan 2006

Does The Principle Of Lex Mitior Limit The Iraqi High Tribunal’S Ability To Impose The Death Sentence On Those Found Guilty Of Capital Crimes?, Meredith Wood Bowen

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


Evidentiary Challenges Due To The Lapse Of Thirty Years: Investigations Conducted By Ngo’S, The Role Of Hearsay Evidence, Forensic Evidence As An Important Feature, As Well As National And International Jurisprudence On Such Factors, Kathleen Rudis Jan 2006

Evidentiary Challenges Due To The Lapse Of Thirty Years: Investigations Conducted By Ngo’S, The Role Of Hearsay Evidence, Forensic Evidence As An Important Feature, As Well As National And International Jurisprudence On Such Factors, Kathleen Rudis

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


In The Interest Of Conserving Tribunal Resources, What Concrete Limits Can A Trial Chamber Put On The Parties To Reduce The Length Of Their Cases, Limit Cross-Examination, And Impose A Date Certain For Completion Of Trial?, Michelle Oliver Jan 2006

In The Interest Of Conserving Tribunal Resources, What Concrete Limits Can A Trial Chamber Put On The Parties To Reduce The Length Of Their Cases, Limit Cross-Examination, And Impose A Date Certain For Completion Of Trial?, Michelle Oliver

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


Many Legal Scholars And Defense Attorneys Appearing Before The Iht Have Argued That, Under Relevant Principles Of International Law, A State Cannot Recognize The Consequences Of An Illegal Action…, Brian J. Field Jan 2006

Many Legal Scholars And Defense Attorneys Appearing Before The Iht Have Argued That, Under Relevant Principles Of International Law, A State Cannot Recognize The Consequences Of An Illegal Action…, Brian J. Field

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


The Applicability Of Article 3 Common To The Geneva Conventions To The Prosecution Of The Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, Kelly Sheahen Jan 2006

The Applicability Of Article 3 Common To The Geneva Conventions To The Prosecution Of The Armed Forces Revolutionary Council, Kelly Sheahen

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


To What Extent Is Icty Rule 90(H)(Ii), Ictr Rule 90(G)(Ii), Or The Rule From Browne V. Dunn, Followed In The Laws Of Different Nations?, Susanne Townsend Jan 2006

To What Extent Is Icty Rule 90(H)(Ii), Ictr Rule 90(G)(Ii), Or The Rule From Browne V. Dunn, Followed In The Laws Of Different Nations?, Susanne Townsend

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


What Course Of Action May Or Must The Trial Chamber Take If, At The End Of The Trial, It Is Not Satisfied That All Of The Elements Of The Crime Charged Have Been Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt But It Is Satisfied That The Evidence Proves Beyond A Reasonable Doubt All The Elements Of A Different, But Related, Crime., Traci M. Donovan Jan 2006

What Course Of Action May Or Must The Trial Chamber Take If, At The End Of The Trial, It Is Not Satisfied That All Of The Elements Of The Crime Charged Have Been Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt But It Is Satisfied That The Evidence Proves Beyond A Reasonable Doubt All The Elements Of A Different, But Related, Crime., Traci M. Donovan

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


What Is The Definition Of Genocide And What Is The Applicability Of Genocide To The Situation In Cambodia With Respect To The Elements Of “Group” And The Mental State Of The Perpetrator?, Mark H. Bardwell Jan 2006

What Is The Definition Of Genocide And What Is The Applicability Of Genocide To The Situation In Cambodia With Respect To The Elements Of “Group” And The Mental State Of The Perpetrator?, Mark H. Bardwell

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


What Is The Purpose Of The Pre-Trial Chamber’S Confirmation Hearing?, Kevin Hussey Jan 2006

What Is The Purpose Of The Pre-Trial Chamber’S Confirmation Hearing?, Kevin Hussey

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


What May/Must The Trial Chamber Do If All Of The Elements Of The Charged Offense Are Not Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt But All Of The Elements Of An Uncharged, But Related, Offense Are Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt?, Christopher Kringel Jan 2006

What May/Must The Trial Chamber Do If All Of The Elements Of The Charged Offense Are Not Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt But All Of The Elements Of An Uncharged, But Related, Offense Are Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt?, Christopher Kringel

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


What Minimum Standards Must The Iht Follow When Assigning Pulic Defenders In Place Of Privately Retained Defense Counsel So That The Defendant’S Right To A Fair Trial Is Not Prejudiced?, Thihan Nyun Jan 2006

What Minimum Standards Must The Iht Follow When Assigning Pulic Defenders In Place Of Privately Retained Defense Counsel So That The Defendant’S Right To A Fair Trial Is Not Prejudiced?, Thihan Nyun

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


What Precautions And Remedies May A Trial Chamber Exercise When Defense Counsel Fails To Appear?, Kyle David Miller Jan 2006

What Precautions And Remedies May A Trial Chamber Exercise When Defense Counsel Fails To Appear?, Kyle David Miller

War Crimes Memoranda

What precautions and remedies may a trial chamber exercise when defense counsel fails to appear? If the purpose of a defendant is to delay the proceedings, is replacing counsel tantamount to acceding to such delay? Why are tribunals reluctant to rely on co-counsel serving as lead counsel? Should duty counsel be appointed? Should the international courts use a public-defender system to avoid such problems? Do national bars have a duty to honor punishments doled out by the international tribunals? Is there any practical effect?


Where An Ongoing Joint Criminal Enterprise Exists, What Is Necessary To Bring About Its Termination As A Matter Of Law Or To Terminate An Individual’S Membership In The Joint Criminal Enterprise?, Michael A. Glazer Jan 2006

Where An Ongoing Joint Criminal Enterprise Exists, What Is Necessary To Bring About Its Termination As A Matter Of Law Or To Terminate An Individual’S Membership In The Joint Criminal Enterprise?, Michael A. Glazer

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.


Did The Forcible Transfer, Active Concealment, Torture And Murder Of Non-Combatant Kuwaiti Citizens And Third Party Nationals In August Of 1991 To March Of 1992 Constitute Any Crime Within The Jurisdiction Of The Iraqi High Tribunal? Did The Capture, Torture And Public Murder Of Captive Coalition Troops By Iraqi Troops During The 1991 War Constitute A Crime Within The Jurisdiction Of The Iraqi High Tribunal? Did The Seizure And Placement Of Non-Combatant Foreigners In Direct Proximity To Military Targets Constitute A Crime Within The Jurisdiction Of The Iraqi High Tribunal?, Gregory S. Mcneal Jan 2006

Did The Forcible Transfer, Active Concealment, Torture And Murder Of Non-Combatant Kuwaiti Citizens And Third Party Nationals In August Of 1991 To March Of 1992 Constitute Any Crime Within The Jurisdiction Of The Iraqi High Tribunal? Did The Capture, Torture And Public Murder Of Captive Coalition Troops By Iraqi Troops During The 1991 War Constitute A Crime Within The Jurisdiction Of The Iraqi High Tribunal? Did The Seizure And Placement Of Non-Combatant Foreigners In Direct Proximity To Military Targets Constitute A Crime Within The Jurisdiction Of The Iraqi High Tribunal?, Gregory S. Mcneal

War Crimes Memoranda

No abstract provided.