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Articles 211 - 240 of 286
Full-Text Articles in Criminal Law
Why Substantive Criminal Law - A Dialogue, Sanford H. Kadish
Why Substantive Criminal Law - A Dialogue, Sanford H. Kadish
Cleveland State Law Review
In this dialogue, I have tried to address criticisms of the substantive criminal law, as a course and as a subject matter, made by a number of my students over several decades of teaching the subject. In away it is rather personal since it consists of the criticisms of my students and my apologia for what I have tried to do. That, however, would hardly be worth doing unless it is the case, as I believe it is, that these criticisms are widespread and that my responses speak to what is generally done in criminal law courses in this country.
A Practical Approach To Representation Of A Client During A Federal Antitrust Grand Jury Investigation, Carl L. Steinhouse
A Practical Approach To Representation Of A Client During A Federal Antitrust Grand Jury Investigation, Carl L. Steinhouse
Cleveland State Law Review
Generally, in white-collar crime situations, particularly antitrust, the first time a client may know he is under investigation is after the grand jury proceedings have commenced. The client will usually find out about the investigation through the industry grapevine, through the receipt of a subpoena by his employer or through a subpoena ad testificandum to an individual in his company. It is necessary for an attorney to understand the investigative process in order to properly represent his client in the antitrust proceedings that follow.
Why Substantive Criminal Law - A Dialogue, Sanford H. Kadish
Why Substantive Criminal Law - A Dialogue, Sanford H. Kadish
Cleveland State Law Review
In this dialogue, I have tried to address criticisms of the substantive criminal law, as a course and as a subject matter, made by a number of my students over several decades of teaching the subject. In away it is rather personal since it consists of the criticisms of my students and my apologia for what I have tried to do. That, however, would hardly be worth doing unless it is the case, as I believe it is, that these criticisms are widespread and that my responses speak to what is generally done in criminal law courses in this country.
A Practical Approach To Representation Of A Client During A Federal Antitrust Grand Jury Investigation, Carl L. Steinhouse
A Practical Approach To Representation Of A Client During A Federal Antitrust Grand Jury Investigation, Carl L. Steinhouse
Cleveland State Law Review
Generally, in white-collar crime situations, particularly antitrust, the first time a client may know he is under investigation is after the grand jury proceedings have commenced. The client will usually find out about the investigation through the industry grapevine, through the receipt of a subpoena by his employer or through a subpoena ad testificandum to an individual in his company. It is necessary for an attorney to understand the investigative process in order to properly represent his client in the antitrust proceedings that follow.
Wayward Children And The Law, 1820-1900: The Genesis Of The Status Offense Jurisdiction Of The Juvenile Court, Peter D. Garlock
Wayward Children And The Law, 1820-1900: The Genesis Of The Status Offense Jurisdiction Of The Juvenile Court, Peter D. Garlock
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
Since the United States Supreme Court's decision in In re Gault in 1967, in which due process rights were extended to juvenile delinquency proceedings which might result in commitment of youths to reformatory institutions, numerous courts, legislatures, and private study commissions have been re-examining the rights and obligations of young people in contemporary American society. In this ongoing debate over juvenile jurisprudence, perhaps no issue has provoked as much controversy as the question of whether juvenile courts should continue to exercise jurisdiction over juvenile "status offenses"--those unique forms of deviant behavior which are illegal only for minors. It is not …
United States V. Sutton: The Sixth Circuit Curbs Abuse Of Rico, The Federal Racketeering Enterprise Statute, William Gorenc
United States V. Sutton: The Sixth Circuit Curbs Abuse Of Rico, The Federal Racketeering Enterprise Statute, William Gorenc
Cleveland State Law Review
The United States v. Sutton decision poses many questions. In a case where the presence of organized crime is evident, why did the majority so severely limit the anti-racketeering statute's application so that its target, organized crime, was beyond its purview? Also, why did the majority allow the confession of illegality to serve as a defense to liability under a criminal statute? Lastly, why did the majority hold contrary to five other circuits and require a showing of legitimacy where the statutory definition of "enterprise" does not specifically require it? This note will attempt to answer these questions. It will …
Misprision Of Antitrust Felony, Robert J. Hoerner
Misprision Of Antitrust Felony, Robert J. Hoerner
Cleveland State Law Review
When an attorney discovers clear evidence that his corporate client has committed an antitrust felony, he and his client are immediately confronted with an interrelated tangle of extraordinarily difficult questions. There has been much concern over these questions, particularly since violation of sections 1, 2 and 3 of the Sherman Act became indictable as felonies on December 21, 1974. Little has been written, however, on the misprision issue. Antitrust practitioners are not ordinarily trained in the contours of 18 U.S.C. § 4, the federal misprision statute. Our criminal practice is typically in rarified and antiseptic economic fields, and does not …
Controlling Firearms, John Kaplan
Controlling Firearms, John Kaplan
Cleveland State Law Review
One may ask why I am beginning a lecture entitled "Controlling Firearms" with analogies between drugs and alcohol. The reason is simple: I propose to draw an analogy between drugs and firearms. Part of the reason for this is that I have worked in the drug area for over a decade while my interest in guns is much more recent. In addition, the similarities in the way we discourse about drug control and about firearms control are striking. Finally, and most important, the issues with which we grapple in the drug control area may, on examination, turn out to be …
The Deterrent Effect Of The Death Penalty For Murder In Ohio: A Time-Series Analysis, William C. Bailey
The Deterrent Effect Of The Death Penalty For Murder In Ohio: A Time-Series Analysis, William C. Bailey
Cleveland State Law Review
One thing is abundantly clear from the analysis reported in this article: if Ohio is to reinstate capital punishment, its justification will have to be based upon grounds other than the deterrent effect of the death penalty for murder. Notwithstanding the opinion of some members of the United States Supreme Court, and possibly a majority of the Ohio House and Senate, the present analysis of Ohio's experience with capital punishment provides no justification for reinstating the death penalty as an effective means of dealing with the state's murder problem.
Misprision Of Antitrust Felony, Robert J. Hoerner
Misprision Of Antitrust Felony, Robert J. Hoerner
Cleveland State Law Review
When an attorney discovers clear evidence that his corporate client has committed an antitrust felony, he and his client are immediately confronted with an interrelated tangle of extraordinarily difficult questions. There has been much concern over these questions, particularly since violation of sections 1, 2 and 3 of the Sherman Act became indictable as felonies on December 21, 1974. Little has been written, however, on the misprision issue. Antitrust practitioners are not ordinarily trained in the contours of 18 U.S.C. § 4, the federal misprision statute. Our criminal practice is typically in rarified and antiseptic economic fields, and does not …
United States V. Sutton: The Sixth Circuit Curbs Abuse Of Rico, The Federal Racketeering Enterprise Statute, William Gorenc
United States V. Sutton: The Sixth Circuit Curbs Abuse Of Rico, The Federal Racketeering Enterprise Statute, William Gorenc
Cleveland State Law Review
The United States v. Sutton decision poses many questions. In a case where the presence of organized crime is evident, why did the majority so severely limit the anti-racketeering statute's application so that its target, organized crime, was beyond its purview? Also, why did the majority allow the confession of illegality to serve as a defense to liability under a criminal statute? Lastly, why did the majority hold contrary to five other circuits and require a showing of legitimacy where the statutory definition of "enterprise" does not specifically require it? This note will attempt to answer these questions. It will …
State V. Roberts: A Persuasive But Unsupported Position, Robert A. Boyd
State V. Roberts: A Persuasive But Unsupported Position, Robert A. Boyd
Cleveland State Law Review
The Ohio Supreme Court recently held in State v. Roberts that when a witness is unavailable at the trial of a criminal defendant, the state may not introduce the witness' preliminary hearing testimony into evidence unless he had been cross-examined at the preliminary hearing. The court found that the defendant, Roberts, had been denied his right to confront an adverse witness when the trial court admitted the preliminary hearing testimony of a witness who was not present at trial, and held that mere opportunity to cross-examine at a preliminary hearing, unexercised, did not satisfy the demands of the Confrontation Clause …
Deportation Of Aliens For Convictions Based Upon Possession Of Marijuana, Alan Lee
Deportation Of Aliens For Convictions Based Upon Possession Of Marijuana, Alan Lee
Cleveland State Law Review
The recent advent of decriminalization for adjudications based upon possession of small amounts of marijuana has focused much attention upon the harsh immigration consequences of such adjudications for the permanent resident alien. Under section 241(a)(11) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), an alien convicted of possession of marijuana is deportable, and only limited means of relief are available. Due to its severity, however, the section has not been viewed with favor by the courts or the Board of Immigration Appeals, and the result in recent years has been the increased use of a number of ploys either to evade …
Book Review, Peter D. Garlock
Book Review, Peter D. Garlock
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
The author reviews Thorns and Thistles: Juvenile Delinquents in the United States, 1825-1940.
Rape Reform Legislation: Is It The Solution, Helene Sasko, Deborah Sesek
Rape Reform Legislation: Is It The Solution, Helene Sasko, Deborah Sesek
Cleveland State Law Review
In order to evaluate rape reform legislation we will compare the new statutes with the old, critically analyze reform legislation, present arguments both in support of and against various aspects of rape reform legislation, and estimate the effect on the rape problem that such legislation is likely to have.
Some Legislative History And Comments On Ohio's New Criminal Code , Harry J. Lehman, Alan E. Norris
Some Legislative History And Comments On Ohio's New Criminal Code , Harry J. Lehman, Alan E. Norris
Cleveland State Law Review
Having briefly outlined the history of the formal development of the Act, it is the purpose of this Article to discuss in narrative form the legislative process on certain key provisions which were the subject of much debate and disagreement. These areas of disagreement include murder and felony penalties, especially minimum sentences; capital punishment to conform to the U.S. Supreme Court's Furman decision as well as other changes; parole eligibility for those serving life sentences for a capital offense; early release on parole, also known as shock parole; eligibility for probation; definition of reasonable doubt and jury instructions on reasonable …
Rules Of Criminal Procedure: The Background Of Draftsmanship, James G. France
Rules Of Criminal Procedure: The Background Of Draftsmanship, James G. France
Cleveland State Law Review
While Ohio’s Rules of Criminal Procedure, effective July 1, 1973, are entirely new to the criminal law practitioners, it is not the purpose of this article to point out the difference between the present and the past in terms of how a criminal case should be prepared for trial and tried. Rather, the emphasis here is on the background of formulation of the rules in terms of Ohio's experience both in drafting rules and in borrowing and adapting rules from other fields, from other jurisdictions, and sometimes from other generations to achieve what the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court …
Ohio Mail And Visitation Prison Regulations And The Evolving Recognition Of Prisoners' Rights, Donald L. Uchtmann
Ohio Mail And Visitation Prison Regulations And The Evolving Recognition Of Prisoners' Rights, Donald L. Uchtmann
Cleveland State Law Review
Dynamic changes have occurred in recent years in the area of prisoners' rights. The antiquated view that prisoners were without any rights - that prisoners were "slave [s] of the State' – has been replaced by the more progressive view that a prisoner retains all rights of an ordinary citizen except those rights expressly or necessarily taken from him by law. As will be seen below, the areas of mail rights and visitation rights have been particularly dynamic. In light of the changing views regarding prisoners' rights, one may wonder what the current Ohio regulations regarding mail and visitation within …
The Expungement Or Restriction Of Arrest Records, Gregory J. Lake
The Expungement Or Restriction Of Arrest Records, Gregory J. Lake
Cleveland State Law Review
Over the past decade, concern has arisen regarding the adverse effects stemming from the misuse of arrest records. Crime cannot be condoned, but once an arrested individual has been exonerated, the arrest record should be expunged and not allowed to remain a "record" to be used against him in the future. The scope of the following analysis will not include conviction records, records of civil cases, or military records of arrest and/or conviction under the Uniform Code of Military Justice though many topics to be discussed will also be relevant to such records. Further, since the juvenile court is not …
The Response To Furman: Can Legislators Breathe Life Back Into Death, Carol Irvin, Howard E. Rose
The Response To Furman: Can Legislators Breathe Life Back Into Death, Carol Irvin, Howard E. Rose
Cleveland State Law Review
In the eighteen months since the Supreme Court of the United States struck down capital punishment in Furman v. Georgia twenty-three states have reinstated the death penalty. While the Supreme Court has not yet heard arguments concerning the constitutionality of these statutes, their validity will determine the fate of the forty-four persons currently awaiting execution in eight states. It is the purpose of this comment to consider the statutes reinstating capital punishment, in light of Furman.
The Right To Counsel And Due Process In Probation Revocation Proceedings: Gagnon V. Scarpelli, Douglas C. Jenkins
The Right To Counsel And Due Process In Probation Revocation Proceedings: Gagnon V. Scarpelli, Douglas C. Jenkins
Cleveland State Law Review
On May 14, 1973, the worst fear of at least one commentator was borne out by the opinion of the Supreme Court in Gagnon v. Scarpelli. Justice Powell, writing for the Court, recognized certain due process rights of the individual who has been convicted and placed on probation. The Court refused to adopt a per se right to representation by counsel as an element of due process in probation revocation proceedings, however. The opinion has left the meaning and importance of due process in grave doubt, has retarded the progression of penal-correctional reform, and has insured a heavy docket for …
Katz And The Fourth Amendment: A Reasonable Expectation Of Privacy Or, A Man's Home Is His Fort, Richard L. Aynes
Katz And The Fourth Amendment: A Reasonable Expectation Of Privacy Or, A Man's Home Is His Fort, Richard L. Aynes
Cleveland State Law Review
While there are a great many cases and commentaries treating fourth amendment rights, little attention has been given to the circumstances that must exist in order for it to be said that a search and seizure has taken place. The purpose of this note is to explore the issues involved in determining when the conduct of law enforcement officers constitutes a search and seizure. Consideration will be given to Katz v. United States, which established the test to be applied in making this determination; to the application of Katz and its effect upon fourth amendment protections; to alternatives for the …
Book Review, George J. Mcmonagle
Book Review, George J. Mcmonagle
Cleveland State Law Review
Review of Criminal Sentences - Law WIthout Order, Marvel E. Frankel, NY, Hill and Wang, 1973.
The Quiet Revolution In The Criminal Law - A Foreword, Jack G. Day
The Quiet Revolution In The Criminal Law - A Foreword, Jack G. Day
Cleveland State Law Review
Given the fundamental importance of procedural due process in criminal law, and conceding the impact of case law developments of the past decade and one-half, the movements manifest in decisional law, while spectacular, have necessarily been piecemeal and have tended to obscure the broad substantive and procedural reforms which have been initiated by that general address possible only through legislation and the rule making processes. Nonetheless, quietly, and almost unnoticed outside a relatively small circle within the legal profession and related disciplines, a seismic reform has been going on. The present symposium is devoted to the description and analysis of …
Regional Commissions To Monitor Confinement Institutions: A Proposal, Arthur R. Landever
Regional Commissions To Monitor Confinement Institutions: A Proposal, Arthur R. Landever
Law Faculty Articles and Essays
O N ANY GIVEN DAY, THERE ARE MORE THAN one million persons involuntarily confined within government institutions.1 Those in custody whether committed to mental institutions, jails, juvenile facilities, or prisons, are the invisible Americans. Until recently, most of us on the outside were not particularly concerned about their lot. To the extent that we knew of their existence, we were relieved that they were out of our immediate neighborhoods and that we were "protected" from them. Increasingly, however, newspaper headlines or television screens have begun to show glimpses of these inmates as they riot; widespread abuses are exposed, and authorities …
The Legal Background And Aftermath Of The Kent State Tragedy, David E. Engdahl
The Legal Background And Aftermath Of The Kent State Tragedy, David E. Engdahl
Cleveland State Law Review
Events of tragic violence occur with such commonness today that they are greeted most frequently either with a callous indifference or a generalized despair. Yet to thoughtful observers, there is an essential difference between those tragedies attributable to extremist and criminal factions, and those which result from overbearing acts of the agents of government themselves. Jackson State and Attica are only two of the most recent examples of events that test the strength of our modern commitment to the standards of government behavior our heritage had led us to expect. Even among the recent instances of tragic government violence, however, …
Kent State - Justice And Morality, John P. Adams
Kent State - Justice And Morality, John P. Adams
Cleveland State Law Review
In the months that followed the killing at Kent State, it became apparent that there was another ministry which was needed. It was not a matter of exercising the "moral authority" as the President suggested, to condemn "... violence and disruption as instruments of change ...." Rather, it became apparent that "moral authority" would be needed to assure that accountability would be established for the abuse of governmental authority and the misuse of military firepower against civilian student dissenters. Violence had been used as an instrument to prevent change, and the moral authority of the religious community needed to be …
Argersinger V. Hamlin - Right To Counsel Expanded To Include Offenses Which May Result In Imprisonment, Oliver Claypool Jr.
Argersinger V. Hamlin - Right To Counsel Expanded To Include Offenses Which May Result In Imprisonment, Oliver Claypool Jr.
Cleveland State Law Review
On June 12, 1972, The United States Supreme Court held in Argersinger v. Hamlin, ... that absent a knowing and intelligent waiver, no person may be imprisoned for any offense, whether classified as petty, misdemeanor, or felony, unless he was represented by counsel at his trial. Although, all of the ramifications of this decision have not yet been felt, American Bar Association president, Robert W. Meserve has estimated that the decision will require the legal profession to provide representation in some additional two to four million cases per year for indigent defendants alone.
Miranda Warnings In Other Than Police Custodial Interrogations, Marvin E. Sable
Miranda Warnings In Other Than Police Custodial Interrogations, Marvin E. Sable
Cleveland State Law Review
The court, in Miranda, was quick to point out, however, that the decision in that case did not suppose to vitiate the confession as a tool of law enforcement officers in ferretting out criminals. Likewise, volunteered statements of any kind were specifically exempted from the exclusionary rule that was applied to Miranda-type admissions only. Much of the progeny of Miranda addressed itself to just such types of admissions. Oftentimes, the courts dissected the seemingly unitized custodial interrogation requirement of Miranda by turning their decisions of its inapplicability upon the absence of either the "custody" or the "interrogation" aspect
Speedy Trial - No Mere Ceremonial, Robert B. Henn
Speedy Trial - No Mere Ceremonial, Robert B. Henn
Cleveland State Law Review
In recent years, there has been a progressive refinement of individual rights, to the extent that due process must be accorded to the participant in not only judicial proceedings, but administrative actions as well. Yet, in the face of this, the anomaly exists that one highly important individual right, clearly defined by the Speedy-Trial Clause of the Sixth Amendment, is persistently abused by courts who adhere to overly strict, and demonstrably improper, interpretations of its requirements, and by prosecutors who seem to feel that a prompt determination of the innocence or guilt of the accused is a matter of grace, …