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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 1636
Full-Text Articles in Criminal Law
Using Gender Equality Analysis To Improve The Wellbeing Of Prostitutes, Barbara Havelkova
Using Gender Equality Analysis To Improve The Wellbeing Of Prostitutes, Barbara Havelkova
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The article presents a framework for analyzing prostitution through the lens of gender equality, aiming to improve the wellbeing of prostitutes by offering regulators and judges a tool for evaluation. It challenges the asymmetric legal treatment of prostitutes and clients, arguing that such treatment violates gender equality principles. The framework proposes symmetric treatment or measures benefiting prostitutes to address structural inequalities rooted in gender, class, race, and socioeconomic status. The analysis draws on European and common law jurisdictions, emphasizing the need for gender-conscious policies to ensure fairness and proportionality.
Domestic Violence And State Intervention In The American West And Australia, 1860-1930, Carolyn B. Ramsey
Domestic Violence And State Intervention In The American West And Australia, 1860-1930, Carolyn B. Ramsey
Publications
This Article calls into question stereotypical assumptions about the presumed lack of state intervention in the family and the patriarchal violence of Anglo-American frontier societies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. By analyzing previously unexamined cases of domestic assault and homicide in the American West and Australia, Professor Ramsey reveals a sustained (but largely ineffectual) effort to civilize men by punishing violence against women. Husbands in both the American West and Australia were routinely arrested or summoned to court for beating their wives in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Judges, police officers, journalists, and others expressed dismay …
The Ombudsman As A Monitor Of Human Rights In Canadian Federal Corrections, Howard Sapers, Ivan Zinger
The Ombudsman As A Monitor Of Human Rights In Canadian Federal Corrections, Howard Sapers, Ivan Zinger
Pace Law Review
No abstract provided.
The French Prosecutor In Question, Jacqueline S. Hodgson
The French Prosecutor In Question, Jacqueline S. Hodgson
Washington and Lee Law Review
Both the pre-trial and dispositive roles of the French prosecutor have continued to expand over the last decades with a resulting shift in power away from the trial judge and the juge d'instruction. The recommendations of the Liger Commission in 2009 went beyond the redistribution of authority and proposed the abolition of the juge d'instruction, placing the prosecutor in charge of all criminal investigations, even the most serious, complex, and sensitive. At the same time, the prosecutor's role and status has been challenged in a number of ways-in particular concerning her function as judicial supervisor of the detention and interrogation …
Uncertainty And The Search For Truth At Trial: Defining Prosecutorial "Objectivity" In German Sexual Assault Cases, Shawn Marie Boyne
Uncertainty And The Search For Truth At Trial: Defining Prosecutorial "Objectivity" In German Sexual Assault Cases, Shawn Marie Boyne
Washington and Lee Law Review
According to German legal scholar, Claus Roxin, German prosecutors are the "most objective civil servants" in the world. Roxin 's assessment of German prosecution practice reflects the conviction of many German legal scholars that prosecutors in Germany's inquisitorial system function as second judges dedicated to finding the objective "truth." In this Article I investigate how prosecutors "translate" the normative duty of objectivity enshrined in the German penal code into observable practices on the ground I examine prosecutorial decision-making in three sexual assault trials. Sexual assault cases pose unique challenges to prosecutors as well as to the definition of objectivity. Because …
Transitioning To Free Speech: A Case Study On Legal Transfers In Jordanian Jurisprudence, Sarah Joy Gregory
Transitioning To Free Speech: A Case Study On Legal Transfers In Jordanian Jurisprudence, Sarah Joy Gregory
Cardozo Law Review
No abstract provided.
Australia And The United States: Two Common Criminal Justice Systems Uncommonly At Odds, Part 2, Paul Marcus, Vicki Waye
Australia And The United States: Two Common Criminal Justice Systems Uncommonly At Odds, Part 2, Paul Marcus, Vicki Waye
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Victor's Justice: Selecting "Situations" At The International Criminal Court, 43 J. Marshall L. Rev. 535 (2010), William A. Schabas
Victor's Justice: Selecting "Situations" At The International Criminal Court, 43 J. Marshall L. Rev. 535 (2010), William A. Schabas
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
The International Criminal Court: From Rome To Kampala, 43 J. Marshall L. Rev. 515 (2010), Philippe Kirsch
The International Criminal Court: From Rome To Kampala, 43 J. Marshall L. Rev. 515 (2010), Philippe Kirsch
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
The International Criminal Court Does Not Have Complete Jurisdiction Over Customary Crimes Against Humanity And War Crimes, 43 J. Marshall L. Rev. 603 (2010), Jordan J. Paust
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Everyone Knows Medellin; Has Anyone Heard Of O'Brien? Reconciling The United States And The International Community By Amending The Vccr, 43 J. Marshall L. Rev. 817 (2010), Steven M. Novak
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
An Examination Of The Philippines' Anti-Terror Law—Suaviter In Modo, Fortiter In Re, Brent H. Lyew
An Examination Of The Philippines' Anti-Terror Law—Suaviter In Modo, Fortiter In Re, Brent H. Lyew
Washington International Law Journal
The Philippines is rife with competing struggles for rights of self-determination and international terrorist networks. For years, the Philippine government prosecuted suspected terrorists without an anti-terror law. The absence of an express criminal violation for acts of terrorism led to a blurred distinction between punishing terrorists and punishing secessionists. Responding to public outcry that the Philippine government was violating human rights by punishing secessionists unjustly, the United Nations conducted an investigation. This investigation led to the placement of the Philippine government on the United Nations’ human rights watch list. The Philippine legislature, shortly thereafter, passed the Human Security Act of …
Enforcing International Corrupt Practices Law, Paul D. Carrington
Enforcing International Corrupt Practices Law, Paul D. Carrington
Faculty Scholarship
This Essay strives to advance the current international movement to
deter the transnational corrupt practices that have long burdened the global economy and weakened governments, especially in “developing” nations. Laws made in the last decade to address this longstanding global problem have not been effectively enforced. Described here are the moderately successful efforts in the United States since 1862 to reward private citizens serving as enforcers of laws prohibiting corrupt practices. It is suggested that this American experience might be adapted by international organizations to enhance enforcement of the new public international laws.
International Movement To Deter Corruption: Should China Join?, Paul D. Carrington
International Movement To Deter Corruption: Should China Join?, Paul D. Carrington
Faculty Scholarship
Global concerns over the corruption of weak governments by firms engaged in transnational business are the source of an international movement that emerged in 1997. Special concern is presently directed at the weakness of enforcement of laws enacted in recent times to deter corrupt business practices in international trade that were enacted in response to that movement. One cause of weakness in law enforcement is the failure of China to share actively in those concerns and the efforts to address them. This essay will briefly record steps taken in other nations to address the concerns and the limited effectiveness of …
The Domestication Of International Criminal Law: A Proposal For Expanding The International Criminal Court's Sphere Of Influence, 43 J. Marshall L. Rev. 635 (2010), Lisa J. Laplante
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Natural And Probable Consequences Doctrine: A Case Study In Failed Law Reform, 15 Berkeley J. Crim. L. 388 (2010), Michael G. Heyman
The Natural And Probable Consequences Doctrine: A Case Study In Failed Law Reform, 15 Berkeley J. Crim. L. 388 (2010), Michael G. Heyman
UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Is The Failure To Respond Appropriately To A Natural Disaster A Crime Against Humanity - The Responsibility To Protect And Individual Criminal Responsibility In The Aftermath Of Cyclone Nargis, 38 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 227 (2010), Stuart K. Ford
UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship
On May 2 and 3, 2008, Cyclone Nargis struck Myanmar, devastating large portions of the Irrawaddy Delta and creating the potential for a massive humanitarian crisis. Yet, the Myanmar government rejected aid from some countries, limited the amount of aid entering the country to a fraction of what was needed, and strictly controlled how that aid was distributed The United Nations and many governments criticized Myanmar's response to the Cyclone as inadequate and inhumane, and senior politicians from a number of countries discussed whether the situation justified invoking the "responsibility to protect" doctrine This article explores several questions, including: (1) …
Approaches To Protecting Victims Of Intimate Partner Violence In The United States And Ireland: People, Property, And Politics, Barbara Glesner Fines
Approaches To Protecting Victims Of Intimate Partner Violence In The United States And Ireland: People, Property, And Politics, Barbara Glesner Fines
Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
A Kiss Is Just A Kiss, Or Is It? A Comparative Look At Italian And American Sex Crimes, Alberto Cadoppi, Michael Vitiello
A Kiss Is Just A Kiss, Or Is It? A Comparative Look At Italian And American Sex Crimes, Alberto Cadoppi, Michael Vitiello
McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles
No abstract provided.
A Typology Of Consensual Criminal Procedures: An Historical And Comparative Perspective On The Theory And Practice Of Avoiding The Full Trial, Stephen C. Thaman
A Typology Of Consensual Criminal Procedures: An Historical And Comparative Perspective On The Theory And Practice Of Avoiding The Full Trial, Stephen C. Thaman
All Faculty Scholarship
In the words of Clifford Geertz, this chapter engages in “an exercise of intercultural translation” in order to understand the reality of plea bargaining and other forms of consensual resolution of criminal cases. It provides a history of consensual and alternative forms of criminal procedure around the world. It also provides a comprehensive discussion on alternatives to a full trial in modern penal systems and issues that arise with those alternatives.
'Fruits Of The Poisonous Tree' In Comparative Law, Stephen C. Thaman
'Fruits Of The Poisonous Tree' In Comparative Law, Stephen C. Thaman
All Faculty Scholarship
This article gives a brief review of the types of exclusionary rules articulated in modern codes, constitutions, and jurisprudence, and explores how these rules are interpreted when excluding the derivative “fruits” of constitutional violations of the right to silence and human dignity during police interrogations and the right to privacy in one’s home and confidential communications. It shows, whether a country begins with a seemingly airtight categorical exclusionary rule for serious constitutional violations, or allows judges great discretion in deciding whether to use fruits of unconstitutional police behavior, the search for truth has largely triumphed over constitutional rights. As a …
Bringing Our Kids Home: International Parental Child Abduction & Japan's Refusal To Return Our Children, Robin S. Lee
Bringing Our Kids Home: International Parental Child Abduction & Japan's Refusal To Return Our Children, Robin S. Lee
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The note examines Japan's refusal to ratify the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, highlighting how this decision creates a legal haven for parental child abductions. It explores the cultural, legal, and systemic factors in Japan that facilitate these abductions and the challenges faced by foreign parents in retrieving their children. The note also discusses potential solutions and international efforts to pressure Japan into adhering to the Convention.
Provoking Change: Comparative Insights On Feminist Homicide Law Reform, Carolyn B. Ramsey
Provoking Change: Comparative Insights On Feminist Homicide Law Reform, Carolyn B. Ramsey
Publications
The provocation defense, which mitigates murder to manslaughter for killings perpetrated in the heat of passion, is one of the most controversial doctrines in the criminal law because of its perceived gender bias; yet most American scholars and lawmakers have not recommended that it be abolished. This Article analyzes trendsetting feminist homicide law reforms, including the abolition of the provocation defense in three Australian jurisdictions, places these reforms in historical context, and assesses their applicability to the United States. It ultimately advocates reintroducing the concept of justified emotion, grounded in modern equality principles and social values, as a requirement for …
Policymaking By The Japanese Judiciary In The Criminal Justice Field, Daniel H. Foote
Policymaking By The Japanese Judiciary In The Criminal Justice Field, Daniel H. Foote
Articles
When one speaks of policymaking by the judiciary, the image that often comes to tnind is the U.S. judiciary, especially the Supreme Court of the United States. That reaction is understandable. Examples abound of policymaking by courts in the United States; and a seemingly never-ending stream of books and articles discuss, analyze, and, depending on the authors'point of view, praise or decry "policymaking" or "judicial activism" by U.S. courts. The field of criminal justice frequently is offered as a prominent example of judicial policymaking in the United States. Expansion in due process protections and other rights for criminal suspects and …
Human Rights And Military Decisions: Counterinsurgency And Trends In The Law Of, Dan E. Stigall, Christopher L. Blakesley, Chris Jenks
Human Rights And Military Decisions: Counterinsurgency And Trends In The Law Of, Dan E. Stigall, Christopher L. Blakesley, Chris Jenks
Scholarly Works
The past several decades have seen a Copernican shift in the paradigm of armed conflict, which the traditional Law of International Armed Conflict (LOIAC) canon has not fully matched. Standing out in stark relief against the backdrop of relative inactivity in LOIAC, is the surfeit of activity in the field of international human rights law, which has become a dramatic new force in the ancient realm of international law. Human rights law, heretofore not formally part of the traditional juridico-military calculus, has gained ever increasing salience in that calculus. Indeed, human rights law has ramified in such a manner that …
A Critical Guide To The Iraqi High Tribunal's Anfal Judgement: Genocide Against The Kurds, Jennifer Trahan
A Critical Guide To The Iraqi High Tribunal's Anfal Judgement: Genocide Against The Kurds, Jennifer Trahan
Michigan Journal of International Law
In the Anfal trial, the Iraqi High Tribunal (IHT or the Tribunal) in Baghdad convicted former Iraqi high officials of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Unlike its predecessor-the Dujail trial-the Anfal trial included the presentation of a high volume of documentary and eye-witness evidence. This evidence clearly revealed the existence of a genocidal campaign by the former Iraqi government and military that eliminated an estimated 182,000 Iraqi Kurds in 1988, as part of the eight-phased "Anfal campaign" (the Anfal). Relying on this and other evidence, judges in the Anfal Trial Chamber explained fairly persuasively how genocide, crimes against …
Commentary: International Prosecution Of Heads Of State For Genocide, War Crimes, And Crimes Against Humanity, 43 J. Marshall L. Rev. Xxv (2009), Hans Corell
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Pursuing The Perfect Mother: Why America's Criminalization Of Maternal Substance Abuse Is Not The Answer- A Compartive Legal Analysis, Linda C. Fentiman
Pursuing The Perfect Mother: Why America's Criminalization Of Maternal Substance Abuse Is Not The Answer- A Compartive Legal Analysis, Linda C. Fentiman
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
In this Article the author will examine not only the substantive legal differences between the United States, Canada, and France, but will also explore how these legal rules fit within a broader social, political, and religious setting. This Article will pursue four lines of inquiry. First, it will briefly chronicle the history of criminal prosecution of pregnant women in America and show how these prosecutions have become markedly more aggressive over the last twenty years. Second, it will situate these prosecutions in the full context of American law and culture, demonstrating how the fetus has received increasing legal recognition in …
Correcting Injustice: Studying How The United Kingdom And The United States Review Claims Of Innocence, Lissa Griffin
Correcting Injustice: Studying How The United Kingdom And The United States Review Claims Of Innocence, Lissa Griffin
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This article examines the U.K. and U.S. systems to determine what lessons, if any, the United States can learn from the United Kingdom's experience. Part I provides a background of the CCRC and the U.K. Court of Appeal, and describes how these two entities work in tandem with broad powers to investigate and correct miscarriages of justice in the United Kingdom. Part II takes an in-depth look at the Court of Appeal's decisions of CCRC referred cases and identifies five categories into which these decisions fall-- categories that exemplify the institutional mechanisms that facilitate review of miscarriages of justice. These …
Interrogation And Silence: A Comparative Study, Craig M. Bradley
Interrogation And Silence: A Comparative Study, Craig M. Bradley
Articles by Maurer Faculty
This article examines interrogation practices in detail in three systems: the American, the English (and Welsh), and the Canadian while also discussing rules from various other countries. It considers when the Miranda-type warnings (required in all three systems) must be given and when suspects will be deemed to have waived their rights. This article further discusses how reliability and voluntariness of confession is assured. Finally, a particular emphasis is placed on the issue of when a suspect's silence during interrogation may be used against him in court. The article concludes that American courts have not done enough to ensure reliability …