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Articles 481 - 510 of 879
Full-Text Articles in Courts
Keeney: Judgment By Peers, Michigan Law Review
Keeney: Judgment By Peers, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of JUDGMENT BY PEERS. By Barnaby C. Keeney.
Busch: Law And Tactics In Jury Trials, Edson R. Sunderland
Busch: Law And Tactics In Jury Trials, Edson R. Sunderland
Michigan Law Review
A Review of LAW AND TACTICS IN JURY TRIALS. By Francis X. Busch.
Place Of Trial Of Civil Cases, William Wirt Blume
Place Of Trial Of Civil Cases, William Wirt Blume
Michigan Law Review
Places involved in a study of place of trial may be classified in various ways. The most general classification is: (1) Places within one sovereignty, (2) Places in different sovereignties. Where there is choice of place within one sovereignty, the only rational basis for making the choice is convenience-convenience of the parties, jurors, witnesses, and of the court itself. The same is true when the choice is between courts of different sovereignties, but without cooperation between the sovereignties rational choice may not be possible. The purpose of this discussion is to compare choice of place in England before 1800 with …
International Law-International Court Of Justice-Advisory Opinions-Admission To Membership In The United Nations, William C. Gordon
International Law-International Court Of Justice-Advisory Opinions-Admission To Membership In The United Nations, William C. Gordon
Michigan Law Review
The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, and the Statute of the Court forms an integral part of the United Nations Charter. The Court is essentially a continuation of the Permanent Court of International Justice, which operated in connection with the League of Nations. Like its predecessor, the Court is composed of fifteen judges, nominated in a manner designed to ensure impartiality and elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council voting separately upon a list of nominees.
Constitutional Law-Due Process-Punishment For Direct Contempt Of Court, William R. Worth
Constitutional Law-Due Process-Punishment For Direct Contempt Of Court, William R. Worth
Michigan Law Review
Opposing counsel's objection to material in petitioner's opening statement to the jury was sustained. When petitioner rephrased his statement, the trial court, feeling that he was still trying to get inadmissible material before the jury, threatened to "declare a mistrial if you mess with me two minutes and a half, and fine you besides.'' Petitioner took an exception to the conduct of the court, and was immediately fined $25. His protests led to successive increases in penalty, culminating in a $100 fine and three days in jail. The Supreme Court of Texas denied habeas corpus on the ground that the …
Vanderbilt: Men And Measures In The Law, Michigan Law Review
Vanderbilt: Men And Measures In The Law, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
A Review of MEN AND MEASURES IN THE LAW. By Arthur T. Vanderbilt.
Federal Courts-Granting Of New Trial On Initiative Of The Court, William F. Snyder S. Ed.
Federal Courts-Granting Of New Trial On Initiative Of The Court, William F. Snyder S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Following conviction for violation of a federal statute, petitioner was granted his release on a writ of habeas corpus by a federal district court, on the basis of uncontroverted testimony that his counsel had not been present when the jury returned its verdict. Within ten days of this release, a motion for rehearing was filed, supported by affidavits that his counsel actually had been present. On subsequent hearing, the court set aside its former order and remanded petitioner to custody, on the theory that his release was obtained by means of a fraud on the Court. The present action was …
Federal Courts-Criminal Procedure-Effect Of Excusing Procedure On Composition Of Jury Panel, Robert P. Griffin
Federal Courts-Criminal Procedure-Effect Of Excusing Procedure On Composition Of Jury Panel, Robert P. Griffin
Michigan Law Review
Petitioner was found guilty of violating the Harrison Narcotics Act in the Federal District Court for the District of Columbia by a jury composed wholly of federal employees. During the course of voir dire examination, petitioner moved to strike the entire panel, asserting that it did not represent a proper cross-section of the community. This motion was denied. Petitioner exhausted his ten peremptory challenges, and, upon finding that only government employees remained on the jury, then challenged the jury as impaneled for cause. The challenge was overruled. Conviction was affirmed by the circuit court of appeals. On certiorari to the …
Constitutional Law-Power Of Supreme Court To Review Judgments Of International Military Tribunal For Far East, J. R. Mackenzie S. Ed.
Constitutional Law-Power Of Supreme Court To Review Judgments Of International Military Tribunal For Far East, J. R. Mackenzie S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The board of directors of defendant, a nonprofit corporation, passed a resolution that persons should not be denied membership on racial, religious or political grounds. Plaintiff, a branch member of defendant, had enacted by-laws denying Negroes admission to its group. Defendant's board declared plaintiff's by-laws were in conflict with the resolution and threatened to expel plaintiff branch if its by-laws were not amended. Plaintiff brought suit to enjoin defendant from carrying out its threat. Held, injunction granted. No national by-law required admission of all races to membership in branches, nor did the national directors have power to expel a …
Administrative Tribunals-Judicial Review Of Administrative Interpretations Of Statutory Provisions-Recent Federal Developments, L. B. Lea S. Ed.
Administrative Tribunals-Judicial Review Of Administrative Interpretations Of Statutory Provisions-Recent Federal Developments, L. B. Lea S. Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The first half-century of experience with administrative tribunals demonstrated that prediction of the scope of judicial review in any particular case was impossible because so many factors entered into determination of the question. Constitutional limitations began to receive less emphasis as practical necessity for according this new "fourth branch" of government a place in the broad scheme of administration of justice became more apparent. Doubtlessly the courts felt that "supremacy of law" demanded closest scrutiny of the activities of this new governmental instrumentality, which was beginning to occupy areas traditionally thought reserved exclusively for the judiciary. As the courts' respect …
Federal Courts-Appeals-Federal Rule 54(B) And The Final Judgment Rule, W. Stirling Maxwell S.Ed.
Federal Courts-Appeals-Federal Rule 54(B) And The Final Judgment Rule, W. Stirling Maxwell S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The Judicial Code provides that "the circuit courts of appeal shall have appellate jurisdiction to review by appeal final decisions . . . in the district courts, in all cases save where a direct review may be had to the Supreme Court . . . . " But what is a final ( that is, appealable) decision? The final judgment rule, originated by the English common law courts and embodied in the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789, was stated by Justice Brandeis in Collins v. Miller to require "that the judgment to be appealable should be final not only as …
Federal Courts--Third-Party "Practice--Some Jurisdictional Problems Arising Under The Amended Federal Rules Of Civil Procedure, Effective March 19, 1948, Chester Lloyd Jones S.Ed.
Federal Courts--Third-Party "Practice--Some Jurisdictional Problems Arising Under The Amended Federal Rules Of Civil Procedure, Effective March 19, 1948, Chester Lloyd Jones S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Third-party practice as originally adopted by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure was one of the bolder steps in the direction of integrated and complete litigation of all phases of a transaction. One of the principal problems that was forseen by the commentators and that has in fact developed in the cases is the jurisdictional limitation of the federal courts where no federal question is involved, and jurisdiction depends on diversity of citizenship or alienage. Rule 82 is explicit in stating that the Rules should be interpreted so as not to extend or limit the jurisdiction of the district courts. …
Appeal And Error-Right Of Defendant To New Trial Where Plaintiff Is Entitled To All Or None And Verdict Is Intermediate, Bruce L. Moore S.Ed.
Appeal And Error-Right Of Defendant To New Trial Where Plaintiff Is Entitled To All Or None And Verdict Is Intermediate, Bruce L. Moore S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In an action on an express contrast, plaintiff sued for $1750, representing the agreed 5 per cent commission on the sale of real estate. Defendant denied the validity of the contract, and there was no issue as to the amount of liability if liability existed. The instruction to the jury was that plaintiff was entitled to 5 per cent commission if entitled to recover. The jury returned a verdict for $875, half the amount claimed. Defendant's motion for a new trial was denied. Held, although the verdict was unauthorized as to plaintiff, there was no error as to defendant …
Recent Books, Michigan Law Review
Recent Books, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to note or review briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.
Federal Courts-Rule 20 Of Federal Rules Of Criminal Procedure-Constitutionality, William B. Harvey
Federal Courts-Rule 20 Of Federal Rules Of Criminal Procedure-Constitutionality, William B. Harvey
Michigan Law Review
One of the few real innovations in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is incorporated in Rule 20 which provides that a defendant who is arrested in a district other than that in which the indictment has been returned may declare in writing his desire to plead guilty and waive trial in the district of the crime. In this event, with the approval of the United States Attornies for both districts, the clerk of the court to which the indictment was returned is authorized to forward the papers to the clerk of the court for the district in which the …
Bankruptcy-Contempt--Presumptions-Finality Of Turnover Orders In Contempt Actions And The Presumption Of Continued Possession, T. L. Tolan, Jr. S.Ed.
Bankruptcy-Contempt--Presumptions-Finality Of Turnover Orders In Contempt Actions And The Presumption Of Continued Possession, T. L. Tolan, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Problems of jurisprudence and bankruptcy are raised by Maggio v. Zeitz, a recent decision of the United States Supreme Court. The facts were these: In April, I942, the Luma Camera Service was adjudged a bankrupt. Defendant was its principal officer. The bankrupt's books showed a large and unusual merchandise shortage for November and December, 1941. Despite defendant's denial, the referee and district judge were satisfied that defendant had extracted the property from the estate before bankruptcy. But there was no evidence that defendant retained the goods or their proceeds. Relying on a presumption of continued possession, the referee ordered …
Quasi-Contracts-Recission-Liability And Remedies For Innocent Misrepresentation, Bruce L. Moore S.Ed.
Quasi-Contracts-Recission-Liability And Remedies For Innocent Misrepresentation, Bruce L. Moore S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A number of courts and most writers recognize the existence of three types of misrepresentation. One type is described as intentional, a second type as negligent, and a third type as innocent. An innocent misrepresentation may be defined as one believed to be true and made without negligence, but false in fact.
Witnesses - "Dead Man's. Act" - Discretion Of Court, George A. Rinker S.Ed.
Witnesses - "Dead Man's. Act" - Discretion Of Court, George A. Rinker S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In an action against an executor to recover money alleged loaned to decedent, plaintiff introduced testimony of a third party regarding a conversation between plaintiff and decedent in which decedent said, "I owe you five hundred and twenty dollars and you will get every cent of it." Plaintiff then testified, over objection, as to the circumstances and terms of the alleged loan. The transaction was oral, and there was no other evidence relating to the circumstances or terms of the loan. From a judgment for plaintiff, defendant appealed, assigning as error the overruling of his objection to plaintiff's competency as …
Federal Courts-Motion For Judgment Under Rule 50(B)Power Of Circuit Court Of Appeals To Direct Entry Of Judgment Contrary To Verdict Directed By The Trial Court, F. L. Adamson
Michigan Law Review
In an action for breach of warranty, defendants' motion for a directed verdict was denied and verdict was directed for plaintiff. Defendants' motion for a new trial was denied, and no motion was made for judgment in accordance with their previous motion for directed verdict. The circuit court of appeals reversed and remanded, with directions to enter judgment for defendants. On certiorari, held, reversed. Since defendants had not made timely motion for judgment under Rule 50 (b), the circuit court had no power to direct entry of judgment in their favor. Globe Liquor Co. v. San Roman, (U.S. …
Jury-Effect Of Deviation From Statutory Procedure For Excusing Jurors, Jarrett R. Clark
Jury-Effect Of Deviation From Statutory Procedure For Excusing Jurors, Jarrett R. Clark
Michigan Law Review
In a prosecution for murder, a special venire was summoned and a list thereof served on the accused. On the day of trial, he learned for the first time that the trial judge had excused twenty-six of the seventy-four veniremen summoned. The excuses out of court violated a statute requiring that all requests for excuse be heard in open court. More than the minimum number of veniremen were present, and when it appeared that the original array might be exhausted thirty additional veniremen were called. Accused's motions to quash the jury panel and for a mistrial were overruled. On appeal …
Constitutional Law-Federal Courts-Citizenship In The District Of Columbia As A Basis For Diversity Of Citizenship Jurisdiction, Samuel N. Greenspoon
Constitutional Law-Federal Courts-Citizenship In The District Of Columbia As A Basis For Diversity Of Citizenship Jurisdiction, Samuel N. Greenspoon
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a District of Columbia corporation, sued defendant, a Nebraska corporation, in the Municipal Court of Chicago, Illinois. Defendant removed the case to a federal district court pursuant to the provisions of an amendment to the judicial code extending the jurisdiction of the federal courts to suits and controversies between citizens of the District of Columbia and citizens of any state or territory. From an adverse judgment defendant appealed, raising for the first time in the case the question of constitutionality of the amendment conferring jurisdiction. Held, the amendment is unconstitutional. Judge Evans dissented. Central States Cooperatives, Inc. v. …
Injunctions-Power Of A Court To Modify A Final Permanent, Injunction, Charles B. Blackmar S.Ed.
Injunctions-Power Of A Court To Modify A Final Permanent, Injunction, Charles B. Blackmar S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A court which has issued a permanent injunction may, under certain conditions, open and modify or dissolve the injunction even though the decree in the original action has become final. This power is said to be justified by the continuing operation of the injunction, which regulates future conduct as well as determining the rights of the parties as of the date of rendition of the decree. The same proposition can be restated by saying that injunctions are issued to protect existing rights, but provide no immunity against modification of those rights because of later changes in the applicable law or …
Constitutional Law-Jury Trial-Validity Of The "Blue Ribbon" Jury, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Constitutional Law-Jury Trial-Validity Of The "Blue Ribbon" Jury, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Defendants, labor union officers, were indicted for conspiracy and extortion. The state moved for a "blue ribbon" jury. Defendants objected to the "blue ribbon" panel on grounds of denial of due process and equal protection; first, because laborers and women were unlawfully excluded from the panel, and also because "blue ribbon" juries were more inclined to convict than common juries. Defendants later accepted each individual juror. Defendants were convicted and the New York appellate court affirmed. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari. Held, affirmed. Defendants failed to show any intentional and purposeful exclusion which would be prejudicial to …
Jury-Determination Of Damages By Appellate Court As Denial Of Right To Trial By Jury Given By Federal Law, William B. Harvey
Jury-Determination Of Damages By Appellate Court As Denial Of Right To Trial By Jury Given By Federal Law, William B. Harvey
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff's cause of action arose under the federal Merchant Marine Act, which grants a right to trial by jury. Plaintiff recovered judgment and on appeal defendant asked the court to determine the damages pursuant to provision in the Oregon Constitution vesting in the supreme court the power to determine from the evidence the extent of a plaintiff's damages and to direct the entry of a final judgment for the amount thereof, on appeal from a jury's verdict awarding damages claimed by the defendant to be excessive. Held, the provision is inapplicable in cases arising under the federal Merchant Marine …
Federal Courts-Rules Of Civil Procedure-Construction Of Rule 50 (B), Daniel W. Reddin, Ii
Federal Courts-Rules Of Civil Procedure-Construction Of Rule 50 (B), Daniel W. Reddin, Ii
Michigan Law Review
This action was brought in a South Carolina state court and removed to the federal district court on grounds of diversity of citizenship. After the evidence of both parties had been presented, the court denied defendant's motion for a directed verdict. Thereafter, the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff. Although defendant filed a motion for a new trial on grounds of newly discovered evidence which the court denied, he did not move to have the verdict and judgment set aside and to have judgment entered in his favor as he might have done under Rule 50 (b) of the …
Federal Courts-Forum Non Conveniens-Derivative Suits, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Federal Courts-Forum Non Conveniens-Derivative Suits, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a resident of New York, and a policyholder in defendant Illinois corporation, brought a suit in the United States District Court in New York to force one of defendant's directors and another corporation to account to defendant for alleged waste of its corporate assets. Defendant moved for dismissal on the grounds that the suit would involve interference with the internal affairs of a foreign corporation, and that. the suit in New York would work great hardship, since the defendant would be required to transport many records and witnesses from Illinois to New York at great expense. The suit was …
Abatement And Revival-Federal Courts-Abatement Of Action By Federal Official Unless Successor Substituted As Party Plaintiff Within Six Months, John M. Veale S.Ed.
Abatement And Revival-Federal Courts-Abatement Of Action By Federal Official Unless Successor Substituted As Party Plaintiff Within Six Months, John M. Veale S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The administrator of the Office of Price Administration began an action on behalf of the United States against the defendant to enforce certain penalties for the violation of the Emergency Price Control Act. While the action was pending the administrator was succeeded in office. Counsel for the government, however, failed to move to substitute his successor as a party plaintiff until more than six months thereafter. The defendant then moved to dismiss the action on the grounds that unless such substitution was made within the six months specified by section 780 of the Judicial Code and Rule 25(d), Federal Rules …
Federal Courts-Forum Non Conveniens Applied In Negligence Action, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Federal Courts-Forum Non Conveniens Applied In Negligence Action, Edward S. Tripp S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
ln a Federal District Court in New York, plaintiff, a resident of Virginia, sued defendant, a Pennsylvania corporation doing business in New York and Virginia, for negligent destruction of plaintiff's warehouse in Virginia. Defendant moved to dismiss on the ground that suit in New York would not be proper because neither plaintiff nor defendant was a resident of New York, the cause of action arose in Virginia, and because suit in New York would work great hardship on defendant since it would be unable to compel the attendance of material witnesses resident in Virginia, nor could it join, as defendant, …
Res Judicata---State Court's Dismissal As A Bar To A New Suit On The Same Cause In A Federal Court Exercising Diversity Jurisdiction, Richard J. Archer
Res Judicata---State Court's Dismissal As A Bar To A New Suit On The Same Cause In A Federal Court Exercising Diversity Jurisdiction, Richard J. Archer
Michigan Law Review
A citizen of Virginia brought suit in a North Carolina court against a citizen of North Carolina for a deficiency judgment on a note executed in Virginia ·for the purchase of land in Virginia. Defendant's demurrer to the complaint on the ground that a North Carolina statute precluded recovery was - overruled; defendant appealed. In spite of plaintiff's contention that the statute was an invalid abridgment of the full faith and credit clause of Article IV of the Constitution of the United States, the North Carolina Supreme Court held that the statute effectively barred the action from the state courts …
Bankruptcy - Chapter X Reorganization - Power Of The Trustee To Sue In A Foreign Jurisdiction, Shubrick T. Kothe S.Ed.
Bankruptcy - Chapter X Reorganization - Power Of The Trustee To Sue In A Foreign Jurisdiction, Shubrick T. Kothe S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiffs, trustees appointed under Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act, as amended, by the District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, sued defendants in the District Court for the Southern District of New York to recover corporate assets, alleging a conspiracy to defraud the debtor corporation. Jurisdiction was rested, not upon diversity of citizenship, but upon sections 2 and 102 of the Bankruptcy Act, and certain sections of the Judicial Code, not pertinent here. The district court dismissed the action for want of jurisdiction. On appeal, held, reversed. The reorganization trustee under Chapter X may maintain an action …