Courts Commons^™

Invoking Summary Criminal Contempt Procedures--Use Of Abuse? United States V. Dellinger --The "Chicago Seven" Contempts, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

In late August of 1968, while delegates to the Democratic National Convention were arriving in Chicago, a group of several thousand demonstrators gathered in the city's Lincoln Park to protest the Convention, the Vietnam War, and the city's refusal to grant the group a permit to hold rallies and marches during the Convention. The week that followed was marred by violent confrontations between the demonstrators and the city's police.1 This violence in Chicago provided the impetus for an indictment by a federal grand jury of the defendants in United States v. Dellinger.

Social And Political Aspects Of Civil Procedure--Reforms And Trends In Western And Eastern Europe, Mauro Cappellitti

Michigan Law Review

It is my intention first to analyze the reforms accomplished in Europe in the relatively recent past. I shall then turn to the principal current problems and trends of reform. Finally, I will reflect on the intellectual and socio-political background of such reforms, problems, and trends. This approach will also give us the opportunity to discuss what kind of scholarship in the field of civil procedure is demanded today, at least in Europe but probably elsewhere as well, in order to meet the changed needs of our time.

An American Lawyer In The Queen's Courts: Impressions Of English Civil Procedure, Benjamin Kaplan

Michigan Law Review

While the words "English Civil Procedure" in the title of this lecture might suggest that there is a single English system, there are in fact a number of them. In the High Court itself, the court of general jurisdiction, a suit in Chancery Division proceeds differently from an action in Queen's Bench Division: the English have made less of a fetish of the "one form of action" than we have. Procedure in the County Courts, the courts for small-debt collection and miscellaneous claims, contrasts with those of the High Court. But Queen's Bench procedure for the staple cases of some …

Devising Procedures That Are Civil To Promote Justice That Is Civilized, Maurice Rosenberg

Michigan Law Review

In a democracy, process is king to a very large extent, and this is especially so in the judicial branch. Even though substantive laws command attention, procedural rules ensure respect. Why is this true? One powerful reason is that when people end up in court, their case typically is not a matter of right against wrong, but of right against right. Decent process makes the painful task of deciding which party will prevail bearable and helps make the decision itself acceptable.

To put my position plainly, I believe that the road to court-made justice is paved with good procedures. Later …

Metropolitanization And Land-Use Parochialism--Toward A Judicial Attitude, Michael H. Feiler

Michigan Law Review

The purpose of this Article is to explore those situations in which courts have given meaning to the Euclid caveat in operation, and, from those instances, to attempt to evolve a judicial approach to the problems posed by the conflict between purely local interests on the one hand and more comprehensive regional interests on the other. Four basic premises are herein indulged: (1) that strictly local zoning is unsatisfactory; (2) that new and innovative legislation will not be readily forthcoming; (3) that the burden of mediating these conflict situations will continue to fall upon the judiciary; and (4) that present …

Judicial Review Of Agency Action: The Unsettled Law Of Standing, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Traditionally, the doctrine of standing has existed as the major obstacle frustrating the attempts of numerous plaintiffs to obtain relief for the injuries they have suffered as a result of allegedly illegal action by federal administrative agencies. Frequently, the rigid standards effectively have prevented any feasible plaintiff from challenging the actions of an administrative agency. The ultimate consequence of this problem has been practically to insulate a wide range of administrative activity from judicial review.

In recent years the courts have been under increasing pressure to liberalize the law of standing and to provide a judicial forum where administrative agencies …

Long-Arm And Quasi In Rem Jurisdiction And The Fundamental Test Of Fairness, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This Comment is focused upon the errors that may result from the confusion surrounding the question of jurisdictional limitations. It is suggested that such confusion is the natural result of the prevailing concern of courts with the extreme limits of permissible jurisdiction, and that this confusion has so clouded the basic issues that erroneous results have been reached in more routine cases that do not even approach those limits-the "easy" cases. Cases decided in the past few years indicate that these erroneous results occur most often in three areas. Following a brief examination of the body of law and theory …

Wright & Miller: Federal Practice And Procedure, Civil Procedure, William H. Becker, W. Brown Morton Jr.

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Federal Practice and Procedure, Civil Procedure Vol. 4 & 5 by Charles Alan Wright and Arthur R. Miller

Direct Judicial Review Of The Actions Of The Selective Service System, Bruce J. Winick

Michigan Law Review

A registrant may obtain judicial review of Selective Service action in any of three possible ways. If he submits to induction into the Armed Forces, the registrant may challenge the validity of his induction order by petitioning for habeas corpus. If the registrant refuses to submit to induction, and is subsequently indicted for that refusal, he may defend the criminal prosecution on the ground that the order for his induction was unlawful. In addition to these two well-settled methods of obtaining postinduction judicial review, the registrant may have a third alternative. In certain circumstances, he may be able to secure …

Sovereign Immunity And Nonstatutory Review Of Federal Administrative Action: Some Conclusions From The Public-Lands Cases, Antonin Scalia

Michigan Law Review

The purpose of the present Article is not to propose yet another route toward logical reconciliation of the sovereign-immunity cases; but, on the contrary, to urge general acceptance of the fact that such reconciliation is, and will probably remain, unattainable; to explain why this is so; and to suggest why it is not so bad. This modest goal will be attempted through a detailed examination of two recent Supreme Court cases and their most pertinent antecedents.

American Bar Association Project On Minimum Standards For Criminal Justice: Standards Relating To Trial By Jury (Approved Draft), Melvin M. Belli

Michigan Law Review

A Review of American Bar Association Project on Minimum Standards for Criminal Justice: Standards Relating to Trial by Jury (Approved Draft). Recommended by the Advisory Committee on the Criminal Trial

Nonstatutory Review Of Federal Administrative Action: The Need For Statutory Reform Of Sovereign Immunity, Subject Matter Jurisdiction, And Parties Defendant, Roger C. Cramton

Michigan Law Review

The purpose of this Article is to generate support for three legislative proposals that will rectify the problems exemplified by the Gnotta case and hosts of other cases: (1) The elimination of the doctrine of sovereign immunity as a barrier to judicial review of federal administrative action; (2) a modest expansion of the subject matter jurisdiction of United States district courts to accommodate such review and, in addition, to provide a remedy against the United States for the resolution of property disputes; and (3) the total elimination of the remaining technicalities concerning the identification, naming, capacity, and joinder of parties …

The Standard Of Proof In Juvenile Proceedings: Gault Beyond A Reasonable Doubt, James Hillson Cohen

Michigan Law Review

Some of those who have studied the question of the appropriate standard of proof in juvenile proceedings have determined that the "preponderance of the evidence" standard-the standard applied in civil cases-is sufficient, and that the criminal standard should not be applied in such cases. Others have suggested that the standard-of proof question is unimportant since the particular standard which is required will seldom, if ever, make a difference to the outcome of a case. The first of these views is the subject to which the bulk of this Article is addressed; the second can be rebutted by the observation that …

Observations On The Manual For Complex And Multidistrict Litigation, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

In recent years there has been increased pressure on the federal judicial system for improved efficiency in dealing with "the big case." Such cases typically involve either large numbers of plaintiffs, suing in many district courts on essentially the same facts, or many complex and interrelated issues which require the evaluation of large quantities of data. Because those cases require considerable amounts of judicial time which cannot lightly be spared from dealing with the mounting backlog of cases faced by virtually all courts, and because a great deal of potentially protracted litigation is certain to arise in the future, it …

Reimbursement Of Defense Costs As A Condition Of Probation For Indigents, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

It is extremely difficult to obtain precise information concerning the prevalence of this practice. There is only one reported case on the subject, and empirical evidence is almost wholly lacking because of the wide discretion granted sentencing courts in imposing probation conditions, and because of the reluctance of appellate courts to review the exercise of that discretion. However, courts have frequently imposed costs on nonindigent probationers, and in many jurisdictions the statutes which authorize such a probation condition with respect to solvent probationers seem broad enough to include indigents as well. Moreover, two recent studies have unearthed specific data which …

Gleisser: Juries And Justice, Charles S. Desmond

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Juries and Justice by Marcus Gleisser

Fraudulent Conveyances In The Conflict Of Laws: Easy Cases May Make Bad Law, Albert A. Ehrenzweig, Peter K. Westen

Michigan Law Review

It has been said that hard cases often make bad law. The recent decision by the New York Court of Appeals in James v. Powell suggests that easy cases, too, may make bad law-especially where a scholarly judge ventures beyond the demands of the case before him.

Res Judicata/Preclusion By Judgment: The Law Applied In Federal Courts, Allan D. Vestal

Michigan Law Review

Preclusion is not a simple principle; it is a multifaceted concept affected by a number of relevant variables. A discussion of the principles is meaningful only if specific situations are discussed; to talk in generalities is not profitable. Therefore, for the sake of clarity, this Article will consider several typical situations.

Administrative Delay And Judicial Relief, Steven Goldman

Michigan Law Review

The problem of judicial relief from protracted agency delay has been virtually undiscussed in the existing literature. The few courts that have dealt with the delay question have acted instinctively, without providing any rational framework and without articulating either relevant concerns or appropriate standards. This Article will explore the range of issues raised when courts are called upon to grant relief from excessive administrative delay.

Criminal Procedure--Evidence--Composite Drawing Not Producible Under Jencks Act--United States V. Zurita, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Following a bank robbery, the bank manager and his wife provided descriptions enabling an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to compose drawings of the robbers which were then "approved" by each of these witnesses as being substantially accurate. At the defendant's trial four years later, he was identified by the manager and his wife as one of the robbers. The defendant, in an attempt to impeach their testimony, requested that the government be compelled under the Jencks Act to produce the original composite drawings. The trial court denied this request, stating that the production of these drawings was …

Federal Courts--Discovery--Stay Of Discovery In Civil Court To Protect Proceedings In Concurrent Criminal Action--The Pattern Of Remedies, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

The federal criminal discovery rules were a carefully weighed compromise between the parties' needs for information and the defendant's need for protection from inquisatorial investigation. This balance may be upset when the more liberal discovery rules in a concurrent, related civil action permit information to be obtained which is not discoverable under the criminal rules. Two recent cases, United States v. Simon and United States v. American Radiator &- Standard Sanitary Corp., illustrate the difficulty of protecting the integrity of the criminal discovery rules in such a situation.

Advisory Committee On Fair Trial And Free Press: American Bar Association Project On Minimum Standards For Criminal Justice: Standards Relating To Fair Trial And Free Press (Tentative Draft), George Edwards, Robert M. Cipes

Michigan Law Review

A Review of American Bar Association Project on Minimum Standards for Criminal Justice: Standards Relating to Fair Trial and Free Press (Tentative Draft) Recommended by the Advisory Committee on Fair Trial and Free Press

Substantive Interests And The Jurisdiction Of State Courts, Paul D. Carrington, James A. Martin

Michigan Law Review

Pennoyer indeed is dead. The primitive ritual of service of process could not survive as a general solution to the problem of state power over individuals. Committed as we are to the idea that the judicial power should be exercised in a manner that is responsive to the common welfare, we could not suffer the limits of power to be determined irrationally by the random success of process servers. Offering only the virtues of simplicity and economy, the ritualistic method had to yield in order to make the judicial power a sharper and more effective tool with which to pursue …