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Articles 121 - 150 of 155
Full-Text Articles in Courts
Congress's Power To Enforce Fourteenth Amendment Rights: Lessons From Federal Remedies The Framers Enacted , Robert J. Kaczorowski
Congress's Power To Enforce Fourteenth Amendment Rights: Lessons From Federal Remedies The Framers Enacted , Robert J. Kaczorowski
Faculty Scholarship
Professor Robert Kaczorowski argues for an expansive originalist interpretation of Congressional power under the Fourteenth Amendment. Before the Civil War Congress actually exercised, and the Supreme Court repeatedly upheld plenary Congressional power to enforce the constitutional rights of slaveholders. After the Civil War, the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment copied the antebellum statutes and exercised plenary power to enforce the constitutional rights of all American citizens when they enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and then incorporated the Act into the Fourteenth Amendment. The framers of the Fourteenth Amendment thereby exercised the plenary power the Rehnquist Court claims the …
Representing Children In Families, Bruce A. Green, Annette R. Appell
Representing Children In Families, Bruce A. Green, Annette R. Appell
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Just The (Unweildy, Hard To Gether, But Nonetheless Essential) Facts, Ma'am: What We Know And Don't Know About Problem-Solving Courts, Greg Berman, Anne Gulick
Just The (Unweildy, Hard To Gether, But Nonetheless Essential) Facts, Ma'am: What We Know And Don't Know About Problem-Solving Courts, Greg Berman, Anne Gulick
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article asses what is known and what remains to be understood about problem-solving courts. Specifically, the article asserts that drug courts serve a needy population, court mandated treatment programs have higher retention rates, those who participate longer have better outcomes, those in drug courts had lower rates of recidivism, drug use, and that graduated sanctions have statistically significant impact on offenders behavior, sanctions are crucial to the model's effectiveness, post-program studies are sparse, drug courts are less costly than traditional adjudication, but cost savings for jail and prison beds are less clear. The article also addresses questions that remain …
Theorizing Community Justice Through Community Courts, Jeffrey Fagan, Victoria Malkin
Theorizing Community Justice Through Community Courts, Jeffrey Fagan, Victoria Malkin
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article reports on research conducted on the Red Hook Community Justice Center in Brooklyn, New York. It theorizes the structure and process of community justice, focusing on the model offered by community courts and examining how the Red Hook Community Justice Center's development and implementation are products of its immersion in the intersection of societal, spatial, and political dynamic within the Red Hook neighborhood. The article begins by reviewing the sociological perspectives that converge in the historical development of "community justice." It continues by setting forth a framework of social regulation and control that shapes the internal workings of …
Therapeutic Jurisprudence And Problem Solving Courts, Bruce J. Winick
Therapeutic Jurisprudence And Problem Solving Courts, Bruce J. Winick
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article offers a number of suggestions concerning how judges should act in problem solving court contexts to spark the motivation of the individual to achieve rehabilitation and increase compliance with treatment. The proposals are derived from psychological literature in other contexts but further analysis and empirical research is needed. The article finds that therapeutic jurisprudence can contribute to the functioning of problem solving courts which can refine therapeutic jurisprudence approaches.
Due Process And Problem Solving Courts, Eric Lane
Due Process And Problem Solving Courts, Eric Lane
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article addresses the model of the problem-solving courts, beginning with the 1989 Dade County, Florida drug court and the role of the pro-active problem solving judge as presented by Judge Lederman of the Dade County drug court. The article reviews the role of the pro-active problem-solving judge in light of the defendants due process rights. After reviewing several case studies, transcripts, and literature on the issue, the article concludes that problem-solving judging and lawyering need not be in conflict with due process standards.
Therapeutic Jurisprudence And Problem Solving Courts, Bruce J. Winick
Therapeutic Jurisprudence And Problem Solving Courts, Bruce J. Winick
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article offers a number of suggestions concerning how judges should act in problem solving court contexts to spark the motivation of the individual to achieve rehabilitation and increase compliance with treatment. The proposals are derived from psychological literature in other contexts but further analysis and empirical research is needed. The article finds that therapeutic jurisprudence can contribute to the functioning of problem solving courts which can refine therapeutic jurisprudence approaches.
Specialized Courts: Not A Cure-All, Phylis Skloot Bamberger
Specialized Courts: Not A Cure-All, Phylis Skloot Bamberger
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article argues that while specialized courts, such as drug courts, dealing with defendants charged with crimes are of critical importance, sole or primary reliance on specialized courts are not sufficient. Instead, centralized resources should be available as necessary to all courts in a county or city in which alternatives to incarceration are possible, although not automatic because not all defendants are serviced by specialized court.
Just The (Unweildy, Hard To Gether, But Nonetheless Essential) Facts, Ma'am: What We Know And Don't Know About Problem-Solving Courts, Greg Berman, Anne Gulick
Just The (Unweildy, Hard To Gether, But Nonetheless Essential) Facts, Ma'am: What We Know And Don't Know About Problem-Solving Courts, Greg Berman, Anne Gulick
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article asses what is known and what remains to be understood about problem-solving courts. Specifically, the article asserts that drug courts serve a needy population, court mandated treatment programs have higher retention rates, those who participate longer have better outcomes, those in drug courts had lower rates of recidivism, drug use, and that graduated sanctions have statistically significant impact on offenders behavior, sanctions are crucial to the model's effectiveness, post-program studies are sparse, drug courts are less costly than traditional adjudication, but cost savings for jail and prison beds are less clear. The article also addresses questions that remain …
Specialized Courts: Not A Cure-All, Phylis Skloot Bamberger
Specialized Courts: Not A Cure-All, Phylis Skloot Bamberger
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article argues that while specialized courts, such as drug courts, dealing with defendants charged with crimes are of critical importance, sole or primary reliance on specialized courts are not sufficient. Instead, centralized resources should be available as necessary to all courts in a county or city in which alternatives to incarceration are possible, although not automatic because not all defendants are serviced by specialized court.
Due Process And Problem Solving Courts, Eric Lane
Due Process And Problem Solving Courts, Eric Lane
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article addresses the model of the problem-solving courts, beginning with the 1989 Dade County, Florida drug court and the role of the pro-active problem solving judge as presented by Judge Lederman of the Dade County drug court. The article reviews the role of the pro-active problem-solving judge in light of the defendants due process rights. After reviewing several case studies, transcripts, and literature on the issue, the article concludes that problem-solving judging and lawyering need not be in conflict with due process standards.
Theorizing Community Justice Through Community Courts, Jeffrey Fagan, Victoria Malkin
Theorizing Community Justice Through Community Courts, Jeffrey Fagan, Victoria Malkin
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article reports on research conducted on the Red Hook Community Justice Center in Brooklyn, New York. It theorizes the structure and process of community justice, focusing on the model offered by community courts and examining how the Red Hook Community Justice Center's development and implementation are products of its immersion in the intersection of societal, spatial, and political dynamic within the Red Hook neighborhood. The article begins by reviewing the sociological perspectives that converge in the historical development of "community justice." It continues by setting forth a framework of social regulation and control that shapes the internal workings of …
Tort Suits For Injuries Sustained During Illegal Abortions: The Effects Of Judicial Bias , Gail D. Hollister
Tort Suits For Injuries Sustained During Illegal Abortions: The Effects Of Judicial Bias , Gail D. Hollister
Faculty Scholarship
Most courts hold that, by agreeing to have an illegal abortion, a woman forfeits her right to recover for injuries tortuously inflicted during that abortion. Nevertheless, most courts do permit suits by those injured in the course of committing other crimes, and they usually do so without considering whether plaintiff's criminal conduct should prevent recovery. Part II of this Article explores and discredits the reasons offered for prohibiting recovery in abortion suits. 21 Part III analyzes, on a chronological basis, each state's decisions prohibiting such recovery. Part IV discusses possible explanations for the abortion decisions, noting that these women's claims …
Agency, Equality, And Antidiscrimination Law , Tracy E. Higgins, Laura A. Rosenbury
Agency, Equality, And Antidiscrimination Law , Tracy E. Higgins, Laura A. Rosenbury
Faculty Scholarship
The Supreme Court increasingly has interpreted the Equal Protection Clause as a mandate for the state to treat citizens as if they were equal-as a limitation on the state's ability to draw distinctions on the basis of characteristics such as race and, to a lesser extent, gender. In the context of race, the Court has struck down not only race-specific policies designed to harm the historically oppressed, but race conscious policies designed to foster racial equality. Although in theory the Court has left open the possibility that benign uses of race may be constitutional under some set of facts, in …
Junk Science - The Lawyer's Ethical Responsibilities, Dick Thornburgh
Junk Science - The Lawyer's Ethical Responsibilities, Dick Thornburgh
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article argues that many judges lack the capacity to distinguish between experts witnesses who make use of rigorous scientific research and those who rely on "junk science" - conclusions based on insufficient research. It notes that judicial standards for admissibility of expert testimony are not sufficient to prevent the introduction of junk science in to the courtroom. It concludes with a suggestion for a more rigorous process for vetting scientific evidence that is admitted in court.
Questioning The Admissibility Of Nonscientific Testimony After Daubert: The Need For Increased Judicial Gatekeeping To Ensure The Reliability Of All Expert Testimony, Kristina L. Needham
Questioning The Admissibility Of Nonscientific Testimony After Daubert: The Need For Increased Judicial Gatekeeping To Ensure The Reliability Of All Expert Testimony, Kristina L. Needham
Fordham Urban Law Journal
This article examines the difficulty of finding a proper standard for evaluating non-scientific expert testimony. It analyzes the legal standard for the admission of expert testimony as set out in the Federal Rule of Evidence and the Daubert case. It reviews a split in courts as to how to apply these standards to non-scientific expert testimony. It ends with some proposals for the application of Daubert to non-scientific expert testimony and suggests an amendment to the Federal Rules of evidence.
Tragic Irony Of American Federalism: National Sovereignty Versus State Sovereignty In Slavery And In Freedom, The Federalism In The 21st Century: Historical Perspectives, Robert J. Kaczorowski
Tragic Irony Of American Federalism: National Sovereignty Versus State Sovereignty In Slavery And In Freedom, The Federalism In The 21st Century: Historical Perspectives, Robert J. Kaczorowski
Faculty Scholarship
A plurality on the Supreme Court seeks to establish a state-sovereignty based theory of federalism that imposes sharp limitations on Congress's legislative powers. Using history as authority, they admonish a return to the constitutional "first principles" of the Founders. These "first principles," in their view, attribute all governmental authority to "the consent of the people of each individual state, not the consent of the undifferentiated people of the Nation as a whole." Because the people of each state are the source of all governmental power, they maintain, "where the Constitution is silent about the exercise of a particular power-that is, …
The Ghost At The Banquet: Slavery, Federalism, And Habeas Corpus For State Prisoners, Marc Arkin
The Ghost At The Banquet: Slavery, Federalism, And Habeas Corpus For State Prisoners, Marc Arkin
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
By Reason Of Their Sex: Feminist Theory Postmodernism And Justice , Tracy E. Higgins
By Reason Of Their Sex: Feminist Theory Postmodernism And Justice , Tracy E. Higgins
Faculty Scholarship
Both the Supreme Court's jurisprudence of gender and feminist legal theory have generally assumed that some identifiable and describable category of woman exists prior to the construction of legal categories. For the Court, this woman-whose characteristics admittedly have changed over time-serves as the standard against which gendered legal classifications are measured. For feminism, her existence has served a different but equally important purpose as the subject for whom political goals are pursued. To the extent that the definitions of the category diverge, the differences among definitions are played out in feminist critiques of the Court's gender jurisprudence, and, occasionally, in …
Of Laws And Men: An Essay On Justice Marshall's View Of Criminal Procedure, Bruce A. Green, Daniel C. Richman
Of Laws And Men: An Essay On Justice Marshall's View Of Criminal Procedure, Bruce A. Green, Daniel C. Richman
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Character Evidence, James L. Kainen
Chase Court And Fundamental Rights: A Watershed In American Constitutionalism, The , Robert J. Kaczorowski
Chase Court And Fundamental Rights: A Watershed In American Constitutionalism, The , Robert J. Kaczorowski
Faculty Scholarship
Three weeks before he died in May 1873, the frail and ailing Salmon P. Chase joined three of his brethren in dissent in one of the most important cases ever decided by the United States Supreme Court, the Slaughter-House Cases.1 This decision was a watershed in United States constitutional history for several reasons. Doctrinally, it represented a rejection of the virtually unanimous decisions of the lower federal courts upholding the constitutionality of revolutionary federal civil rights laws enacted in the aftermath of the Civil War. Institutionally, it was an example of extraordinary judicial activism in overriding the legislative will of …
The Race Factor And Trial By Jury, Kenneth Conboy
The Race Factor And Trial By Jury, Kenneth Conboy
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The institution of trial by jury in criminal cases, one of the great achievements in the history of civilization and a principal foundation of our federal constitutional order, is to day under challenge by two different by interrelated developments in American courtrooms. The first is the development of a broad national imperative to eliminate all aspects of racism in American legal, political, and social life. The second is the heightened scrutiny that electronic media presence is applying to the jury system. This essay explores the utility and fairness of the American trial jury and its premise as a democratic and …
The Urban Criinal Justice System & The Juror's Perception, David Lewis
The Urban Criinal Justice System & The Juror's Perception, David Lewis
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The criminal justice system is anchored in its belief that twelve citizens are capable of working together to sift through the most difficult and complicated information without any preconception or bias to arrive at a "just" result. In this essay, the author explores the diverse perceptions the various actors in a courtroom (prosecutor, defense lawyer, police officer, jurors) and discusses how these views form an integral part of the courtroom dynamic.
Using Comparative Fault To Replace The All-Or-Nothing Lottery Imposed In Intentional Torts Suits In Which Both Plaintiff And Defendant Are At Fault , Gail D. Hollister
Using Comparative Fault To Replace The All-Or-Nothing Lottery Imposed In Intentional Torts Suits In Which Both Plaintiff And Defendant Are At Fault , Gail D. Hollister
Faculty Scholarship
All or nothing. For years this idea of absolutes has been a hallmark of tort law despite the inequities it has caused. Plaintiffs must either win a total victory or suffer total defeat. In recent years courts and legislatures have begun to recognize the injustice of the all-or-nothing approach and to replace it with rules that permit partial recoveries that are more equitably tailored to the particular facts of each case. The most dramatic example of this more equitable approach is the nearly universal rejection of contributory negligence in favor of comparative fault in negligence cases. Almost all jurisdictions, however, …
Historical Framework For Reviving Constitutional Protection For Property And Contract Rights , James L. Kainen
Historical Framework For Reviving Constitutional Protection For Property And Contract Rights , James L. Kainen
Faculty Scholarship
Post-New Deal constitutionalism is in search of a theory that justifies judicial intervention on behalf of individual rights while simultaneously avoiding the charge of "Lochnerism."' The dominant historical view dismisses post-bellum substantive due process as an anomalous development in the American constitutional tradition. Under this approach, Lochner represents unbounded protection for economic rights that permitted the judiciary to read laissez faire, pro-business policy preferences into the constitutional text. Today's revisionists have mounted a substantial challenge to the dismissive views of traditionalists. Indeed, some claim Lochner reached the right result, but for the wrong reason. The revisionists characterize substantive due process …
Foreword: Report Of The New York State Judicial Commission On Minorities, James C. Goodale
Foreword: Report Of The New York State Judicial Commission On Minorities, James C. Goodale
Fordham Urban Law Journal
Unfortunately, racism is still incredibly present in the New York State Court System, as found by the New York State Commission on Judicial Minorities. The Commission based its findings on academic research and anecdotal evidence. The commission cites examples like use of racist terminology by court employees as well as segregated locker rooms. To remedy this issue, the Commission recommends (1) the expanded hiring of minorities and (2) promotion decisions that do not discriminate against minorities.
Introduction: Report Of The New York State Judicial Commission On Minorities, Sol Wachtler
Introduction: Report Of The New York State Judicial Commission On Minorities, Sol Wachtler
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The Report of the New York State Judicial Commission on Minorities is the culmination of a three and one-half year study begun in 1988 to advise of ways in which the court system can more effectively achieve fair and equal treatment for all in the justice system. The court system will aim to implement the recommendations made by the commission in an attempt to rectify these troubling issues.
Report Of The New York State Judicial Commission On Minorities
Report Of The New York State Judicial Commission On Minorities
Fordham Urban Law Journal
The Commission was given a three-fold mandate to study how (1) court participants and the public at large perceive minority treatment in the New York Court System; (2) the representation of minorities in non-judicial staff positions within the court system; and (3) the number of minorities, both elected and appointed, in judicial positions in New York. The Commission recommended a milieu of changes to address the problems of racism in the court system and proposed another commission-- with a five year mandate-- be created to implement these recommendations, further analyze and collect data on race and the court system, and …
Power Not Reason: Justice Marshall's Valedictory And The Fourth Amendment In The Supreme Court's 1990 Term , Bruce A. Green
Power Not Reason: Justice Marshall's Valedictory And The Fourth Amendment In The Supreme Court's 1990 Term , Bruce A. Green
Faculty Scholarship
In its 1990 Term, the United States Supreme Court heard five cases involving the Fourth Amendment. In this article, Professor Bruce Green analyzes these five search-and-seizure decisions in light of Justice Marshall's criticism that '[Plower, not reason, is the new currency of this Court's decision-making." He examines the various considerations the Court advances in its Fourth Amendment analysis-interpretive principle, policy, and precedent--and discovers inconsistencies in the importance assigned to each of these considerations in a series of cases decided very close together by virtually the same Justices. Each approach controlled, Professor Green argues, only when it could be said to …