Contracts Commons^™

Sinkronisasi Aturan Kutipan Risalah Lelang Berdasarkan Peraturan Dirjen Kekayaan Negara Nomor 5/Kn/2017 Tentang Risalah Lelang Dengan Vendu Reglement Dan Pmk Nomor 27/Pmk.06/2016, Daniel Alusinsing

Indonesian Notary

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengemukakan sebuah kajian terkait sinkronisasi terhadap aturan mengenai Kutipan Risalah Lelang yang diatur berdasarkan Peraturan Dirjen Kekayaan Negara Nomor 5/KN/2017 tentang Risalah Lelang dengan aturan dokumen Kutipan pada peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya di bidang lelang, yaitu Undang-undang Lelang (Vendu Reglement) dan PMK No. 27/PMK.06/2016 tentang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Lelang. Melalui diterbitkannya Perdirjen KN No. 5/KN/2017 ditetapkan jumlah halaman Kutipan Risalah Lelang adalah sekitar tiga hingga empat lembar yang mana kebijakan tersebut akan dianalisis dari segi bentuk, format dan konten (syarat dan ketentuan) menurut ketentuan KUHPerdata maupun peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang lelang. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode Yuridis …

Keabsahan Dan Tanggung Jawab Hukum Atas Akta Jual Beli Dengan Pemalsuan Identitas Penghadap Dan Kuasa Yang Cacat Hukum (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Ri Nomor 1979/K.Pdt/2016), Latifah Puspa Herwido

Indonesian Notary

Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) memiliki kewenangan membuat akta, salah satunya perbuatan hukum jual beli. Pada praktiknya, Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah seringkali lalai dalam hal pemeriksaan identitas penghadap yang datang kepada PPAT, seperti kasus yang terdapat dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1979/K.Pdt/2016, PPAT membuat Akta Jual Beli dengan dasar kuasa yang cacat hukum atau tidak berlaku untuk perbuatan hukum yang dicantumkan di dalam akta. Tidak hanya itu, penghadap yang datang ke PPAT bukan merupakan penghadap yang sebenarnya, terdapat unsur manipulasi atau pemalsuan. Akibatnya, permasalahan yang timbul dari putusan tersebut ialah keabsahan dari Akta Jual Beli yang dibuat berdasarkan kuasa yang …

Tangggung Jawab Notaris Terhadap Pemilik Hak Atas Dokumen Pertanahan Yang Diserahkan Kepada Pihak Yang Tidak Berhak (Putusan Nomor: 16/Pts-Mpwn Provinsi Jawa Barat/X/2018 Dan Putusan Nomor 06/B/Mppn/Vii/2019, Prabawati Claraningtyas

Indonesian Notary

Notaris merupakan jawaban dari kebutuhan masyarakat akan suatu alat bukti yang kuat. Notaris sebagai pejabat umum mempunyai kewajiban, salah satunya membuat akta yang dikehendaki para pihak. Meskipun ketentuan mengenai notaris sudah diatur sedemikian rupa dalam standar profesi, dalam prakteknya masih ditemukan kasus pelanggaran atas kewajiban notaris. Terdapat suatu fenomena di mana seorang notaris menyerahkan sertipikat kepemilikan hak kepada pihak ketiga yang mana hal tersebut dilakukan tanpa sepengetahuan pemilik hak. Permalahan dalam tesis ini adalah mengenai tanggung jawab notaris kepada pemilik hak atas dokumen pertanahan yang diserahkan kepada pihak yang tidak berhak. Tanggung jawab tersebut dapat berupa tanggung jawab perdata, pidana …

Keabsahan Akta Pembagian Hak Bersama Atas Dasar Surat Keterangan Ahli Waris Yang Diregister Oleh Kepala Desa/Lurah Dan Camat Yang Palsu Atau Dipalsukan (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 688 K/Pid/2017), Nizar Satrio Wicaksono

Indonesian Notary

Surat keterangan waris merupaka salah satu syarat terbitnya akta pembagian hak bersama sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 111 ayat 1 huruf c angka 4, Peraturan Menteri Agraria Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 3 Tahun 1997, sehingga keberadaannya merupakan hal yang penting. Namun demikian, bukan berarti Notaris/PPAT memiliki kekuasaan yang besar dalam pembuatan Surat Keterangan Waris tersebut, segala informasi yang ada dalam isi Surat Keterangan Waris harus didapatkan dari pihak-pihak yang ada dalam Surat Keterangan Waris tersebut, bukan secara serta merta Notaris /PPAT mengisi isi Surat Keterangan Waris sesuai dengan keinginannya dengan maksud suatu tujuan tertentu. Notaris/PPAT yang mengisi isi Surat Keterangan …

Considering Law And Macroeconomics, Anna Gelpern, Adam J. Levitin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The worst financial and economic crisis to hit the world’s richest economies since the Great Depression inspired a flood of scholarship that straddled the disciplines of law and macroeconomics. With few exceptions, this crisis scholarship did not set out to build a new interdisciplinary movement and did not claim the legacy of earlier efforts to mine the intersection of law and macroeconomics. What are we to make of this moment ten years on? Could Law and Macroeconomics (#LawMacro for short) be an important new turn in legal and economic thought, a casual interdisciplinary tryst on the margins of a hundred-year …

Revisiting The Enforceability Of Online Contracts: The Need For Unambiguous Assent To Inconspicuous Terms, Tom Mozingo

Seattle University Law Review

In determining the enforceability of online contracts, namely those formed from the use of smartphone applications, courts typically look to whether the contract terms were reasonably conspicuous or communicated to the consumer. With the rise of “browse-wrap” contracts, where terms are not directly communicated to the consumer or where the consumer is not required to click the equivalent of an “I agree” button clearly manifesting assent to the terms, courts have inconsistently applied the reasonable communicativeness standard to the detriment of consumers and application developers alike. This Comment will explore the development of browse-wrap contracting jurisprudence and the need to …

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Table of Contents

Cyber Insurance Today: Saving It Before It Needs Saving, Angela Nieves

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

Cyber insurance, which covers a company’s losses and costs stemming from a cyberattack, represents a nearly $5 billion global market. But have stakeholders shaped a sustainable model? This article analyzes contrasting claims about the viability of cyber insurance. It proposes measures to ensure the survival of the cyber insurance market, which should be immediately addressed given the current state of the world and the fact that even pre-COVID-19, businesses worldwide stood to lose over $5.2 trillion over the next five years due to cybercrimes. Unless action is taken to mitigate the fallout from cyber events, the cyber insurance market will …

Pre-Game Strategy For Long-Term Win: Using Trademark Registration And Right Of Publicity To Protect Esports Gamers, John Bat

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

The soaring popularity of esports across the globe has turned ultra-talented gamers into a blend of athlete and entertainer. The youthful esports ecosystem is exploding in growth, and the world is taking notice. But are the gamers who are eyeing professional play taking basic legal steps to develop and shield their brands, as well as bolster their collective negotiating leverage with teams, leagues, and miscellaneous entities? This note explores what features of an up-and-coming esports gamer might be worth protecting through a trademark and/or personality-rights schema, which in turn, could assist competitive gamers who are interested in developing their careers …

Identifying Fundamental Breach Of Articles 25 And 49 Of The Cisg: The Good Faith Duty Of Collaborative Efforts To Cure Defects - Make The Parties Draw A Line In The Sand Of Substantiality, Yasutoshi Ishida

Michigan Journal of International Law

Article 49(1) of the CISG allows buyers of international goods to avoid their sales contracts “if the failure by the seller to perform . . . amounts to a fundamental breach.” A breach is “fundamental,” as defined by CISG article 25, when it causes the buyer such detriment “as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract.” This definition is followed by the so-called “foreseeability test,” an “unless” clause that excepts the situation where “the party in breach did not foresee[,] and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would …

Contract Interpretation And The Parol Evidence Rule: Toward Conceptual Clarification, Joshua M. Silverstein

Law Faculty Scholarship

Contract interpretation is one of the most important topics in commercial law. Unfortunately, the law of interpretation is extraordinarily convoluted. In essentially every American state, the jurisprudence is riddled with inconsistency and ambiguity. This causes multiple problems. Contracting parties are forced to expend additional resources when negotiating and drafting agreements. Disputes over contractual meaning are more likely to end up in litigation. And courts make a greater number of errors in the interpretive process. Together, these impacts result in significant unfairness and undermine economic efficiency. Efforts to remedy the doctrinal incoherence are thus warranted.

The goal of this Article is …

There Oughta Be A Law: What Corporate Social Responsibility Can Teach Us About Consumer Contract Formation, Colin P. Marks

Faculty Works

This Article examines the American Law Institute’s Restatement of the Law of Consumer Contracts, with particular focus on Section 2 and its adoption of the rolling contract theory and notice-based assent to standard terms. Tracing the doctrinal roots of this approach to ProCD v. Zeidenberg and its progeny, the Article situates contemporary consumer contract formation within broader debates over assent, efficiency, and fairness in both offline and online transactions. Rather than engaging solely in doctrinal critique, the Article draws on corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature to argue that market forces alone are insufficient to regulate how businesses present standard terms …

Smart Contracts And The Illusion Of Automated Enforcement, Danielle D'Onfro

Scholarship@WashULaw

This symposium essay explores the barriers to deploying smart contracts in the consumer finance space: the humans themselves, existing consumer protection laws, and the other businesses who have financial contracts with consumers but that cannot deploy smart contracts. These three barriers render perfectly automated enforcement all but impossible. Nevertheless, there may be room for modifiable smart contracts in the consumer financial space although these contracts may be only marginally more efficient than traditional contracts.

Tuition As A Fraudulent Transfer, David G. Carlson

Articles

Bankruptcy trustees are suing universities because the insolvent parent of an adult student has written a tuition check while insolvent. The theory is that the university is the initial transferee of a fraudulent transfer that has provided benefit to the student but not to the parent debtor. This article claims that the university is never the initial transferee of tuition dollars. Rather, the student is. Where the university has no knowledge of parent insolvency, the university can count educating the student as a good faith transfer for value, thus immunizing the university from liability. The unpleasant side effect is that …

Crowding Out Theory: Protecting Shareholders By Balancing Executives’ Incentives In France, The United States, & China, Palden Flynn

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

This paper explores the differences between executive compensation regimes in France, the United States, and China. It asks whether there is a link between state regulation of real options as a form of executive compensation and state regulation of shareholder protections. This paper argues that if a country regulates the use of real options as compensation, then that country is also more likely to have strong shareholder protection laws. This argument seems to be true based on a descriptive review of executive compensation law and shareholder protections in France, the United States, and China.

If it is true that countries …

Mechanisms For Consultation And Free, Prior And Informed Consent In The Negotiation Of Investment Contracts, Sam Szoke-Burke, Kaitlin Cordes

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Investor-state contracts are regularly used in low- and middle-income countries to grant concessions for land-based and natural resource investments, such as agricultural, extractive industry, forestry, or renewable energy projects. These contracts are rarely negotiated in the presence of, or with meaningful input from, the people who risk being adversely affected by the project. This practice will usually risk violating requirements for meaningful consultation, and, where applicable, free, prior and informed consent (FPIC), and is particularly concerning when the investor-state contract gives the investor company rights to lands or resources over which local communities have legitimate claims.

This article explores how …

Demystifying Unconscionability: An Historical And Empirical Analysis, Brian Mccall

Faculty Articles

The doctrine of unconscionability is encrusted with myths. First year law students are taught that the doctrine was created in the twentieth century. Unconscionability is often presented as a novel one, born in the Uniform Commercial Code’s adoption of Section 2-302 in the mid-twentieth century. Even those scholars who are willing to look a bit further afield than the twentieth century for the origins of the unconscionability doctrine typically only reach the mid eighteenth century. In addition to myths surrounding its origin, the doctrine has been presented as a dangerously vague and imprecise concept. Commentators and scholars have likewise characterized …

In Memory Of Professor James E. Bond, Janet Ainsworth

Seattle University Law Review

Janet Ainsworth, Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law: In Memory of Professor James E. Bond.

Stay In The Fight With Civility And Professionalism, David Spratt

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

No abstract provided.

The Fatal Leviathan: A Hayekian Perspective Of Lex Mercatoria In Civil Law Countries, Fabio Núñez Del Prado Ch.

Pace International Law Review

Who should create default commercial rules? Should they be created in a constructivist way or should they be created rather through a spontaneous order? Should Kelsen’s positivism prevail in commercial law? Drawing on diverse libertarian literature, I will argue that, since courts do not play a dominant role in civil law countries and, more importantly, do not set precedents, default commercial rules should not be created by the legislator, but through the Lex Mercatoria.

Bitcoin: Order Without Law In The Digital Age, John O. Mcginnis, Kyle Roche

Indiana Law Journal

Modern law makes currency a creature of the state and ultimately the value of its currency depends on the public’s trust in that state. While some nations are more capable than others at instilling public trust in the stability of their monetary institutions, it is nonetheless impossible for any legal system to make the pre-commitments necessary to completely isolate the governance of its money supply from political pressure. This proposition is true not only today, where nearly all government institutions manage their money supply in the form of central banking, but also true of past private banking regimes circulating their …

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Smart Contracts And Consumers, Tatiana Cutts

West Virginia Law Review

“Smart contracts” are a way of using computers to make contracts unbreakable. Contracting parties do not need to trust one another to perform or rely upon intermediaries to enforce performance. Performance is guaranteed. This is supposed to be a victory for the ordinary person—a clever socio-economic application of cryptography that strips power from companies and governments and gives it to consumers. But it turns out that less trust does not mean more freedom, or better bargains. The law of contract supports valuable relationships both by enforcing duties and by allowing parties to escape the consequences of ill-formed contracts and oppressive …

A New Role Of Causation Theory Towards Achieving Economic Contractual Equilibrium: Monitoring The Economic Equilibrium Of The Contract, Osama Ismail Amayreh, Izura Masdina Mohamed Zakri, Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani, Yousef Mohammad Shandi

Indonesia Law Review

The phrase “who says contractual, says justice” “qui dit contractuel dit juste” does not fully express the truth of our present reality, where the phrase itself falls into doubt, since the contract does not always result in fair obligations, as the contract is an expression of often unequal wills. In this regard, the French judiciary realized that the absence of justice in the contract might arise as a result of the contractual freedom afforded to the contracting parties and, thus, they developed the idea of Commutative Justice in the contract, such as the Piller’s decision, which is considered one of …

A Commercial Law For Software Contracting, Michael L. Rustad, Elif Kavusturan

Washington and Lee Law Review

Since the 1980s, software is at the core of most modern organizations, most products and most services. Part II of this Article examines how the U.C.C. evolved as the primary source of law for the first generation of computer contracts during the mainframe computer era. Part III examines how courts have overextended U.C.C. Article 2, as the main source of law for software licensing, to the limits. Part IV argues that the ALI and the NCCUSL should propose a new Article 2B for software licensing. Part V recommends a new Article 2C for “software as a service.”

A Reformulated Test For Unconscionability, Vincent Ooi, Walter Yong

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Apart from its interesting facts, this case, BOM v BOK [2018] SGCA 83, is significant for its rejection of a “broad” doctrine of unconscionability, the existence of which has been a matter of some debate in English law, and which has been accepted in Australia (see Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio (1983) 151 C.L.R. 447; (1983) 46 A.L.R. 402). It also proposes a new test for the doctrine of unconscionability that is narrower than Amadio, based on the requirements inCresswell v Potter [1978] 1 W.L.R. 255. The test for unconscionability in English law has been a matter of …

The Use Of Soft Law In The Creation Of Legal Norms In International Commercial Law: How Successful Has It Been?, Henry Deeb Gabriel

Michigan Journal of International Law

In this Article, I examine several interrelated points. After defining soft law in Part II, I briefly set out some of the assumed advantages soft law instruments may have over legislation and regulations in Part III. In Part IV, I examine why some soft law instruments in international commercial law have been successful in creating international legal norms. In this Part, I specifically examine the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts to show how one might gauge success by looking beyond the express purpose of the instrument. I also compare the UNIDROIT Principles of Commercial Contracts with the American Law …

Venezuela Undermines Gold Miner Crystallex's Attempts To Recover On Its Icsid Award, Sam Wesson

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Role Of International Rules In Blockchain-Based Cross-Border Commercial Disputes, Tonya M. Evans

Law Faculty Scholarship

[excerpt] The concept of online dispute resolution (ODR) is not new. 1 But, with the advent of Web 3.0, the distributed web that facilitates pseudonymous and cross-border transactions via blockchain's distributed ledger technology, 2 the idea of, and pressing need for, appropriate dispute resolution models for blockchain-based disputes to support this novel system of distributed consensus and trust of which blockchain proponents boast, is a primary concern in rapid development. 3 The common goal of each project is to utilize smart contracts to facilitate "superior, quicker[,] and less expensive proceedings by eliminating so many of the tedious and protracted trappings …