Constitutional Law Commons^™

Jerusalem Open House For Gay Pride V. Jerusalem Municipality, Isaac Amit, Esther Hayut, Hanan Melcer

Translated Opinions

Facts: The Jerusalem municipality (the respondent) provides financial support to various institutions throughout the city. Institutions requesting funding are required to apply to the different municipality departments that distribute the funds, in accordance with prescribed criteria. The appellant is a registered charity that works for the gay community in the city; it operates a community center in Jerusalem for the gay community, and conducts a series of annual gay pride events in the city, including the annual gay pride parade. During the years 2005 through 2008, the appellant requested financial support from the respondent by filing applications with the …

Measuring The Success Of Bivens Litigation And Its Consequences For The Individual Liability Model, Alexander A. Reinert

Articles

In Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U. S. 388 (1971), the Supreme Court held that the Federal Constitution provides a cause of action in damages for violations of the Fourth Amendment by individual federal officers. The so-called "Bivens "cause of action—initially extended to other constitutional provisions and then sharply curtailed over the past two decades—has been a subject of controversy among academics and judges since its creation. The most common criticism of Bivens—one that has been repeated in different venues for thirty years— is that the Court's individual liability model, in …

Daka V. Minister Of The Interior, Ayala Procaccia, Dorit Beinisch, Salim Joubran

Translated Opinions

Facts: The petitioners were married in 1996; petitioner 1 is an Israeli citizen and petitioner 2 was born abroad and at the time of their marriage was a resident of the occupied territories. Following the couple’s marriage, petitioner 2 lived in Israel pursuant to limited duration permits to stay in Israel granted through a family unification process. These permits were regularly renewed until 1999, when she received a permit granting her temporary residence status. In 2003, a government resolution that had been adopted in 2002 and which had reversed previous policy on family unification approvals, was legislatively enacted in the …

A V. State Of Israel, Eliezer Rivlin, Edmond E. Levy, Dorit Beinisch, Edna Arbel, Miriam Naor, Salim Joubran, Elyakim Rubinstein, Ayala Procaccia, Asher Grunis

Translated Opinions

Facts: The appellant was arrested on suspicion of membership in an illegal organization, and had been the subject of: a. a decision by the authority in charge to postpone the appellant’s first meeting with an attorney by three days; and b. a decision, rendered two days after his arrest, to extend his detention by an additional ten days. The Jerusalem District Court rejected the state’s request to have the appeal of the detention extension decision deliberated in the absence of the appellant; and the state successfully appealed that decision to the Supreme Court. The appeal against the extension of the …

The False Modesty Of Department Of Revenue V. Davis: Disrupting The Dormant Commerce Clause Through The Traditional Public Function Doctrine, Edward A. Zelinsky

Articles

No abstract provided.

Introduction To The South Dakota Law Review's 2010 Symposium Issue, Marci A. Hamilton

Articles

No abstract provided.

Citizenship Privilege Or The Right To Religious Freedom: The Blackmailing Of France's Islamic Women, Yael Barbibay

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The note examines the tension between France's commitment to laïcité and the rights of Islamic immigrants, particularly women, to religious freedom and cultural identity. It critiques the denial of citizenship to Faiza Mabchour, arguing that such decisions reflect a broader effort to suppress Islamic practices and undermine pluralism. The analysis contends that France's rigid application of laïcité violates international human rights norms, particularly the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The article advocates for a more inclusive approach to citizenship that balances secularism with religious freedom and cultural diversity.

The Third Time Is Not Always A Charm: The Troublesome Legacy Of A Dutch Art Dealer-The Limitation And Act Of State Defenses In Looted Art Cases, Bert Demarsin

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Child Custody: Don't Worry, A Bet Din Can Get It Right, Jeffrey Haberman

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

This Note aims to explore the reasoning behind the state's reluctance to accept arbitration, including that of the bet din, as a means of resolving child custody disputes. The Note highlights the advantages of arbitration, both in general and when used to determine child custody. The Note examines the arguments proffered by the courts to justify the view that they, and not outside arbitrators, best resolve child custody battles. This Note argues that when two parties agree to arbitrate their divorce settlement before a bet din, the award should be given the same deference as a bet din's resolution of …

In The Manner Prescribed By The State: Potential Challenges To State-Enforced Hospital Limitations On Childbirth Options, Krista Stone-Manista

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article argues that hospital bans on vaginal births after cesarean (VBAC) infringe upon women's legal and constitutional rights, violating principles of autonomy and equality. These bans are not only medically unnecessary but also undermine international human rights standards that protect women's decisional autonomy in healthcare. The analysis posits that such bans discriminate against women and set a dangerous precedent for state and medical control over women's bodies during pregnancy.

Smacking Lesson: How The Council Of Europe's Ban On Corporal Punishment Could Serve As A Model For The United States, Timothy John Nolen

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note advocates for the United States to adopt a model similar to the Council of Europe, allowing states to ban corporal punishment while respecting federalism. It highlights the negative effects of corporal punishment and the need for a comprehensive ban, drawing on international legal standards and empirical evidence.

Barriers To Financing: Is European Union Indirect Discrimination Law The Answer For Female Entrepreneurs?, Adam G. Panopoulos

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note explores whether European Union indirect discrimination law, particularly Directive 2004/113/EC, can address the barriers female entrepreneurs face in accessing financing. It examines the application of indirect discrimination principles to financial services, analyzing ECJ case law and advocating for the integration of gender mainstreaming to enhance gender equality in entrepreneurship.

Public Interest(S) And Fourth Amendment Enforcement, Alexander A. Reinert

Articles

Fourth Amendment events generate substantial controversy among the public and in the legal community. Yet there is orthodoxy to Fourth Amendment thinking, reflected in the near universal assumption by courts and commentators alike that the amendment creates only tension between privately held individual liberties and public-regarding interests in law enforcement and security. On this account, courts are faced with a clear choice when mediating Fourth Amendment conflicts: side with the individual by declaring a particular intrusion to be in violation of the Constitution or side with the public by permitting the intrusion. Scholarly literature and court decisions are accordingly littered …

A.I.M.D. Ltd. V. Mordechai, Edna Arbel, Edmond E. Levy, Hanan Melcer

Translated Opinions

Facts: This is a petition to quash the decision of the Diamonds Supervisor to seize and confiscate goods imported by the petitioner. In February 2007, the petitioner – a company that imports and exports diamonds – imported into Israel a diamond weighing 14.32 carats from the African state of Mali. Mali is not a member of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, in which Israel is a participant. The imported diamond was not accompanied by a “Kimberley Process Certificate,” as required under the Israeli legislation implementing the Kimberley Process. Therefore, the Supervisor did not issue an import license for the diamond, …

Abu Safiyeh V. Minister Of Defense, Uzi Vogelman, Dorit Beinisch, Edmond E. Levy

Translated Opinions

Facts: This is a petition to allow free movement of Palestinian vehicles and pedestrians along Road 443 and on the Beituniya Road. In 2002, Road 443, which served as the main traffic artery for the Palestinian residents of the area between the villages in the area and Ramallah, was closed to all Palestinian traffic. This closure was ordered following the numerous terrorist attacks that were perpetrated along the Road. The arguments related to the question of the authority of the military commander to order the restriction of traffic on the Road in general, and closure of the Road to Palestinians …

Academic Center Of Law And Business V. Minister Of Finance, Dorit Beinisch, Edna Arbel, Asher Grunis, Eliezer Rivlin, Ayala Procaccia, Esther Hayut, Salim Joubran, Miriam Naor, Edmond E. Levy

Translated Opinions

Facts: The Knesset enacted the Prisons Ordinance Amendment Law (no. 28), 5764-2004 (‘amendment 28’), which provides that the State of Israel will establish, for the first time, a (single) prison that will be operated and managed by a private corporation rather than by the state. The constitutionality of this law was challenged by the petitioners, who argued that amendment 28 disproportionately violated the rights of prison inmates as a result of the actual transfer of imprisonment powers to a private enterprise, and as a result of the concern that human rights in a private prison would be violated to a …

Fair Presentation And Exhaustion: The Search For Identical Standards, Jonah Wexler

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Due Process And Targeted Killing Of Terrorists, Richard Murphy, Afsheen John Radsan

Cardozo Law Review

"Targeted killing" is extra-judicial, premeditated killing by a state of a specifically identified person not in its custody. States have used this tool, secretly or not, throughout history. In recent years, targeted killing has generated new controversy as two states in particular - Israel and the United States - have struggled against opponents embedded in civilian populations. As a matter of express policy, Israel engages in targeted killing of persons it deems members of terrorist organizations involved in attacks on Israel. The United States, less expressly, has adopted a similar policy against al Qaeda - particularly in the border areas …

Barriers To Representation For Detained Immigrants Facing Deportation: Varick Street Detention Facility, A Case Study, Peter L. Markowitz

Articles

There is an evolving crisis in the immigration courts and federal courts of appeals caused by the lack of quality representation for immigrants facing deportation. The problem is particularly acute for immigrants who are detained during their removal proceedings. As part of the Study Group on Immigrant Representation (Katzmann study group), the Subcommittee on Enhancing Mechanisms for Service Delivery undertook a case study of the institutional and legal barriers to quality legal representation for immigrants held at the Varick Street Detention Facility in New York City. Through this lens we hope to offer some useful insights into the core factors …

Suspicionless Laptop Searches Under The Border Search Doctrine: The Fourth Amendment Exception That Swallows Your Laptop, Ari B. Fontecchio

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Boaron V. National Labour Court, Esther Hayut, Edmond E. Levy, Dorit Beinisch, Eliezer Rivlin, Ayala Procaccia, Hanan Melcer, Edna Arbel

Translated Opinions

Facts: Four widows who had each been receiving either a dependents allowance or a survivors allowance in accordance with the provisions of the National Insurance Law [Consolidated Version], 5755-1995, received notices from the National Insurance Institute indicating that their allowances had been discontinued — as of the time that the Institute had determined that each had begun living together with a new partner in a common-law marriage. After the relevant regional labour courts ruled in favor of the petitioners, the National Labour Court upheld the discontinuation of the allowances for all of them.

Held: The National Labour Court’s decision involved …

What Can Be Done Against Cyber Hate? Freedom Of Speech Versus Hate Speech In The Council Of Europe, Isabelle Rorive

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article examines the tension between freedom of speech and the regulation of hate speech on the internet, focusing on the challenges posed by conflicting international laws and jurisdictional issues. It highlights the Council of Europe's efforts to address cyber hate through legal frameworks like the Cybercrime Convention and the Additional Protocol, while discussing the limitations of these measures. The co-regulatory model, combining government oversight with private sector accountability, is presented as a potential solution, though concerns about censorship and free speech remain.

Protecting Freedom Of Expression: The Challenge Of Hate Speech In The European Court Of Human Rights Case Law, Mario Oetheimer

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article examines the European Court of Human Rights' (ECHR) approach to balancing freedom of expression under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) with the need to combat hate speech. The Court systematically excludes certain forms of hate speech from protection, particularly racist and Holocaust denial speech, under Article 17, while affording strong protection to expression that contributes to public debate. The analysis highlights the Court's case-by-case approach, reliance on context, and the distinction between hate speech and incitement to violence.

Islamic Headscarves And Slippery Slopes, Murat Borovali

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Secular Constitutionalism Vindicated, Frances Raday

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Acknowledgements, Michel Rosenfeld

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Freedom And Faith - Foundations Of Freedom Of Religion, Matthias Mahlmann

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Why The French Laïcité Is Liberal, Patrick Weil

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Sovereignty And Laïcité, Michel Troper

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The European Convention On Human Rights And Church-State Relations: Pluralism Vs. Pluralism, Françoise Tulkens

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.