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Articles 31 - 60 of 537
Full-Text Articles in Constitutional Law
Women Judges And Wikipedia, Sally Kenney
Women Judges And Wikipedia, Sally Kenney
ConLawNOW
Although many academics may openly discourage their students from consulting it, Wikipedia is the go-to first port-of-call for information for scholarly research, journalists, and even judges. Its info boxes are the source for Google and artificial intelligence in general. Wikipedia is the largest and most widely used encyclopedia in history. Just as feminist scholars have broken into mainstream journals and gained a toehold within university presses, these sources have become increasingly irrelevant and unavailable behind paywalls. Instead, Wikipedia has emerged as the standard research source, but it presents significant barriers to entry for feminist scholars and subjects of women, feminism, …
Making Their Mark: Women Judges On The U.S. Courts Of Appeals, Laura P. Moyer, John Szmer, Susan Haire, Robert Christensen
Making Their Mark: Women Judges On The U.S. Courts Of Appeals, Laura P. Moyer, John Szmer, Susan Haire, Robert Christensen
ConLawNOW
Women who reach the bench in the U.S. Courts of Appeals have endured the gauntlet of law school, legal practice, and Senate confirmation to secure their prestigious place in the federal judiciary. How do these exceptional individuals approach their role in shaping judicial policy—and how do their colleagues receive their work? In this paper, we will draw on findings from an original dataset of published decisions from 2009-2016 that suggests that women judges invest more time and effort in crafting majority opinions than their male counterparts, but that this investment has a comparatively lower yield in influencing the development of …
Book Review: We're All Traditionalists Now (Most Of The Time), Richard H. Fallon, Jr., The Changing Constitution: Constitutional Law In The Trump-Era Supreme Court, Michael Gentithes
Book Review: We're All Traditionalists Now (Most Of The Time), Richard H. Fallon, Jr., The Changing Constitution: Constitutional Law In The Trump-Era Supreme Court, Michael Gentithes
Akron Law Faculty Publications
This review highlights the scope and importance of Richard Fallon’s book, The Changing Constitution: Constitutional Law in the Trump-Era Supreme Court. Fallon, a giant of constitutional work, provides a comprehensive, accessible, and vitally important catalogue of the Court’s methodological changes in his posthumously published book. The book argues that while textualism and originalism “have achieved unparalleled prominence,” the Court is also “not consistently originalist” and often relies on a version of traditionalism, similar to but importantly distinct from originalism, that marks an important and undertheorized change. And in yet other areas, the Court eschews either originalism or traditionalism for …
Book Review: Robert J. Jarvis, The Neglected Amendments Of The U.S. Constitution: Text, History, And Interpretation, Jonathan E. Moore
Book Review: Robert J. Jarvis, The Neglected Amendments Of The U.S. Constitution: Text, History, And Interpretation, Jonathan E. Moore
Akron Law Faculty Publications
This essay offers an engaging review of the casebook, The Neglected Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, by Professor Robert Jarvis. While most lawyers, and many nonlawyers, could readily identify many of the “big twelve” constitutional amendments, few are familiar with the other fifteen. This book focuses on the neglected fifteen, arguing they deserve sustained attention as historically and politically important today. Topics include several amendments potentially going in play, such as the Twenty-second limiting the president to two terms, Twenty-fifth on presidential succession and disability, Twenty-seventh on congressional pay raises, and the Ninth on rights retained by the people. …
The Reality Of The Good Faith Exception, Michael Gentithes, Matthew Tokson
The Reality Of The Good Faith Exception, Michael Gentithes, Matthew Tokson
Akron Law Faculty Publications
This Article has reexamined the law and theory of the good faith exception. It fnds that the exception, originally confned to narrow circumstances, is turning into a protection for nearly any investigatory activity with an arguable connection to an existing precedent or statute. Our study is the frst to empirically demonstrate the exception’s substantial infuence on modern Fourth Amendment law. Courts rely on the exception with remarkable frequency, and a large proportion of courts invoking the exception avoid any substantive constitutional ruling, stunting the development of Fourth Amendment doctrine. Further, our close theoretical examination of the good faith exception reveals …
Religious Accommodations For Educators: A Reexamination Of Undue Burden In The Public School Classroom, Maggie L. Paino, Suzanne Eckes
Religious Accommodations For Educators: A Reexamination Of Undue Burden In The Public School Classroom, Maggie L. Paino, Suzanne Eckes
ConLawNOW
This Essay addresses the question of how public schools should address existing tensions between employee religious rights and student identity and expression when a teacher refuses to use a student’s chosen name and pronouns. Guiding this issue and the practice for public school officials to follow is a 2024 decision of a federal district court in Kluge v. Brownsburg Community School District, and guidance published by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. While the court in Kluge recognized the substantial increased costs to the school of granting the religious accommodation when students are involved, the EEOC affirmed the need to …
Judicial Preferences And Aggrandizement Effects, Jason Marisam
Judicial Preferences And Aggrandizement Effects, Jason Marisam
ConLawNOW
Scholars increasingly portray the Supreme Court as power hungry and self-aggrandizing. This aggrandizement literature, though, lacks a robust causal theory. This essay argues that judicial aggrandizement is not the product of a power-maximizing agenda but a function of judicial preferences and legal background conditions. Aggrandizement occurs in cases where legal background conditions do not align with judicial policy preferences and the justices assert power to create their preferred policy outcomes. This theory has significant prescriptive and normative implications. For example, counterintuitively, this essay shows that more judicial aggrandizement could be a sign of a healthier institution under some conditions.
The Nineteenth Amendment And Dobbs, Paula A. Monopoli
The Nineteenth Amendment And Dobbs, Paula A. Monopoli
ConLawNOW
There was a surge in legal scholarship around the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution—the Woman Suffrage Amendment—leading up to its centennial in August 2020. But this scholarly interest around the Nineteenth peaked two years before the U.S. Supreme Court’s historic decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization in June 2022. This paper revisits the Nineteenth Amendment in light of the Court’s decision in Dobbs. It argues that the Nineteenth should be understood as a ban on sex discrimination that extends beyond the right to vote. The Amendment expands the scope of women’s citizenship as a matter …
Symposium: Gender, Health & The Constitution: On The Constitutional Requirement For Adequate Prenatal Care Post-Dobbs, Ainslee Johnson-Brown
Symposium: Gender, Health & The Constitution: On The Constitutional Requirement For Adequate Prenatal Care Post-Dobbs, Ainslee Johnson-Brown
ConLawNOW
This Essay argues that state abortion statutes codifying government interests in the health and welfare of the unborn trigger a constitutional right to prenatal care where adequate medical care is constitutionally required in the penal system. It explores the healthcare mandates required by the U.S. Constitution in the era before the passage of the Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs, specifically looking at abortion access and prenatal provisions in the penological system. It then dissects abortion-related legislation passed by various states in the wake of Dobbs—emphasizing language within the legislative findings that could trigger a constitutional obligation for prenatal …
The Story Of New York Times V. Sullivan: How Free Speech Rights Were Intertwined With The Civil Rights Movement, Samantha Barbas
The Story Of New York Times V. Sullivan: How Free Speech Rights Were Intertwined With The Civil Rights Movement, Samantha Barbas
ConLawNOW
This essay, delivered to the Law Library of Congress as the 2023 Constitution Day Lecture, tells the story of New York Times v. Sullivan, widely regarded as one the most important First Amendment decisions of all time. It is a decision that has profoundly affected the workings of the press and shaped the contours of public discourse in the United States. And it is a decision that continues to raise controversy because of the broad protections it gives to freedom of speech at the expense of other rights such as reputation and privacy. The essay summarizes the author’s work …
Symposium: Gender, Health And The Constitution: The Misalignment Of Medical Capacity And Legal Competence For Perinatal People With Serious Mental Illness, Melisa Olgun, Carlos Larrauri, Sonja Castaneda-Cudney, Elyn Saks
Symposium: Gender, Health And The Constitution: The Misalignment Of Medical Capacity And Legal Competence For Perinatal People With Serious Mental Illness, Melisa Olgun, Carlos Larrauri, Sonja Castaneda-Cudney, Elyn Saks
ConLawNOW
This Article evaluates the misalignment of medical capacity and legal competence for perinatal people with serious medical illnesses (SMI), an issue that has had limited discourse in legal academia. It delineates the contours of these concepts, dissecting their theoretical underpinnings and practical applications. While medical capacity is often considered an iterative, context-specific determination, legal competence is typically treated as a rigid, binary legal categorization. It then illustrates how the disparate scope and aims of capacity and competence lead to a precarious misalignment for people with fluctuating mental states, particularly perinatal people with SMI. The Article proposes solutions to harmonize the …
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Gender-Affirming Care And Children's Liberty, Dara E. Purvis
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Gender-Affirming Care And Children's Liberty, Dara E. Purvis
ConLawNOW
This essay addresses the wave of statutes banning gender-affirming care for transgender and gender-diverse minors passed in states across the country over the last three years. It argues that an underdeveloped understanding of children’s rights makes it more difficult to explain how harmful gender-affirming care bans are and to challenge them in court. After explaining the nature of gender-affirming care, the essay discusses the grounds underlying existing challenges to gender-affirming care bans, highlighting the emphasis on equal protection and parental rights. It concludes by reframing the children’s liberty argument and exploring what the broader consequences of courts recognizing such a …
Beyond The Ban: One Major Challenge Facing The Ftc Non-Compete Rule, Brendan Mohan
Beyond The Ban: One Major Challenge Facing The Ftc Non-Compete Rule, Brendan Mohan
ConLawNOW
This article analyzes the implications of President Biden's Executive Order 14036 and the subsequent notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to ban non-compete agreements. It examines the legal basis for the NPRM, including Sections 5 and 6(g) of the FTC Act, and anticipates potential challenges to its implementation, most notably under the major questions doctrine. It explores the broader ramifications of the NPRM for labor and employment law, emphasizing its potential to reshape administrative agency regulation and the regulatory landscape. It concludes by analyzing the rule under the major questions doctrine and the possible outcomes …
Symposium: Gender, Health And The Constitution: More Than Merely "Two-Legged Wombs": Lessons On Metaphor And Body Politics From Atwood's The Handmaiden's Tale (1985), Rachel Conrad Bracken
Symposium: Gender, Health And The Constitution: More Than Merely "Two-Legged Wombs": Lessons On Metaphor And Body Politics From Atwood's The Handmaiden's Tale (1985), Rachel Conrad Bracken
ConLawNOW
This essay explores the dehumanizing potential of metaphors used to describe women’s reproductive biology through literary analysis of Margaret Atwood’s canonical feminist novel The Handmaid’s Tale (1985). Attending to the rhetoric that both justifies and contests ritualized rape and forced surrogacy in Atwood’s novel, this essay begins by interrogating the ubiquitous cultural and biomedical metaphors that reduce women and pregnant people to their bodies’ reproductive potential. The first section draws from scholarship in medical anthropology, medical rhetoric, and literary studies to illuminate how gendered stereotypes pervade biomedical, cultural, and legal representations of reproduction, reifying the conflation of women and people …
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Reforming Clinical Trial Pregnancy Exclusions, Jennifer D. Oliva
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Reforming Clinical Trial Pregnancy Exclusions, Jennifer D. Oliva
ConLawNOW
This essay argues the exclusion of pregnant people from drug and biologic clinical trials is paternalistic, unjust, and counterproductive because the failure to include pregnant people in experimental trials can enhance risks to maternal and fetal health. Bioethicists, legal scholars, and other researchers have pleaded for reform in this context for decades. This article describes pregnancy medical drug use and the genesis and evolution of federal regulations and policies that operate to exclude pregnant people from clinical trials. It argues that the implementation of legal reforms that ensure the inclusion of pregnant people in clinical trials is imperative given Covid, …
Symposium; Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Hysteria Redux: Gaslighting In The Age Of Covid, Jane Campbell Moriarty
Symposium; Gender, Health, And The Constitution: Hysteria Redux: Gaslighting In The Age Of Covid, Jane Campbell Moriarty
ConLawNOW
This article addresses the relationship among hysteria, gaslighting, and gender during the Covid pandemic in the political and public-health messaging about Covid. It analyzes the U.S. public health messaging in the age of Covid, explaining how individualism, gender, and gaslighting have shaped the public response to the virus and negatively affected public health. In explaining the poor U.S. public health outcomes during Covid, the article evaluates the role of disinformation about vaccines, the “feminization” of masking, and the “vax and relax” public mantra, which suggested that those who did not relax were perhaps a bit hysterical. Finally, the article considers …
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: The New Gender Panic In Sport: Why State Laws Banning Transgender Athletes Are Unconstitutional, Deborah L. Brake
Symposium: Gender, Health, And The Constitution: The New Gender Panic In Sport: Why State Laws Banning Transgender Athletes Are Unconstitutional, Deborah L. Brake
ConLawNOW
This essay considers the role of sport in the new gender panic of legislative activity targeting transgender individuals, which now extends into health and family governance. Sport was one of the first settings—the gateway—to ignite the current culture war on transgender youth. This analysis examines how Title IX of the Education Act of 1972, the popular law responsible for the growth of opportunities for girls and women in sports, has been mobilized in service of a broader gender agenda. Far from providing a persuasive justification for the state laws banning transgender girls from girls’ sports, Title IX, properly understood, supports …
On The Constitutional Requirement For Adequate Prenatal Care Post-Dobbs, Ainslee Johnson-Brown
On The Constitutional Requirement For Adequate Prenatal Care Post-Dobbs, Ainslee Johnson-Brown
Akron Law Student Publications
This Essay argues that state abortion statutes codifying government interests in the health and welfare of the unborn trigger a constitutional right to prenatal care where adequate medical care is constitutionally required in the penal system. It explores the healthcare mandates required by the U.S. Constitution in the era before the passage of the Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs, specifically looking at abortion access and prenatal provisions in the penological system. It then dissects abortion-related legislation passed by various states in the wake of Dobbs—emphasizing language within the legislative findings that could trigger a constitutional obligation for prenatal health in …
Bringing A Knife To A Gun Fight; A Cruel And Unusual Punishment, Halle Marchetta
Bringing A Knife To A Gun Fight; A Cruel And Unusual Punishment, Halle Marchetta
Akron Law Student Publications
The Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees an individual’s right to keep and bear arms. The Supreme Court of the United States has described the right as necessary to an individual’s ability to defend his or her person, home, and family. 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) makes it a felony for a convicted felon to “ship, transfer, possess, or receive” firearms or ammunition. The statute blocks an entire class of the American people from exercising the individual freedom guaranteed to them by the Constitution. It does not matter whether the underlying felony conviction is for a non-violent crime or a …
Threading The Needle In Extreme Partisan Gerrymandering Cases, Michael Gentithes
Threading The Needle In Extreme Partisan Gerrymandering Cases, Michael Gentithes
Akron Law Faculty Publications
Recent Supreme Court jurisprudence paints a grim picture for future reform to address extreme partisan gerrymandering. The decisions in Rucho v. Common Cause and Moore v. Harper appear to foreclose progress at both the federal and state level. Reformers must neither create unmanageable legal standards for adjudication in federal litigation, nor ask state courts to transgress ordinary bounds of judicial review when interpreting state laws that might address gerrymandering. But there remains a path forward that focuses on clear and detailed state constitutional mandates to curb gerrymandering practices. Beneath their rhetoric, these decisions support clear legal rules over broader democratic …
Protecting Abortion As State Health Care Freedom Of Choice, Tracy Thomas
Protecting Abortion As State Health Care Freedom Of Choice, Tracy Thomas
Akron Law Faculty Publications
This essay examines the right of health care freedom of choice contained in some state constitutions. It explores how courts have, and could, use this constitutional health care right as a basis for recognizing or reinforcing a fundamental right to choose an abortion.
Book Review: Rearranging The Apple Cart: Good-Faith Originalism And The Fourteenth Amendment, Daniel Coble
Book Review: Rearranging The Apple Cart: Good-Faith Originalism And The Fourteenth Amendment, Daniel Coble
ConLawNOW
This essay reviews the book by Randy Barnett and Evan Bernick, The Original Meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment: Its Letter and Spirit (2021). Ask any constitutional law professor about how judges should or do interpret the Constitution, and you will likely hear an answer that ends in “ism.” In their latest book, Professors Randy Barnett and Evan Bernick discuss an “ism” that is found in our nation’s highest court, state courts, and academia: originalism. No matter which constitutional interpretation “ism” that one follows, this book provides an intimate and historical view of what two leading originalist scholars believe is the …
Response: The Constitution Has Never Recognized Us As Full Persons: Or To What Politics Are Our "Protections" Returning?, Marlon M. Bailey
Response: The Constitution Has Never Recognized Us As Full Persons: Or To What Politics Are Our "Protections" Returning?, Marlon M. Bailey
ConLawNOW
This response engages with Marc Spindelman’s article, The New Intersectional and Anti-Racist LGBTQIA+ Politics: Some Thoughts on the Path Ahead, which offers a rethinking of critical precision about what is on the horizon for LGBTQ rights. The response calls for a reframing of the conversation by starting from the understanding that the Constitution, and by extension the law, is a political document and thus no realm of the Constitution or the law is impervious to politics. It then argues that instead of seeking recognition as full persons in the law and looking to a political document—the Constitution—for refuge from …
The New Intersectional And Anti-Racist Lgbtqia + Politics: Some Thoughts On The Path Ahead, Marc Spindelman
The New Intersectional And Anti-Racist Lgbtqia + Politics: Some Thoughts On The Path Ahead, Marc Spindelman
ConLawNOW
This article examines the changes to LGBTQIA+ consciousness and the politics they are producing. One result of these consciousness shifts is the increasing number of LGBTQIA+-identified people and organizations reconstituting themselves, their identities, and their politics around pro-Black, anti-racist positions, and doing so as foundational elements of their LGBTQIA+ liberation work. At the same time as these developments are unfolding, however, they are on a collision course with emergent social conservative positions and obstacles. These obstacles include developments at a Supreme Court that is increasingly deciding based on constitutional originalism. This article begins to show how the Court’s conservative originalism …
Note: Conflicting Common Law: Application Of The Self-Incrimination Clause As Applied To Smartphone Technology, Andrew Meena
Note: Conflicting Common Law: Application Of The Self-Incrimination Clause As Applied To Smartphone Technology, Andrew Meena
ConLawNOW
This essay discusses the murkiness in the law regarding the application of the Self-Incrimination Clause as it relates to modern technology of smartphones. It evaluates the pros and cons of a judicial solution to the existing conflict against a legislative solution. Rather than through regulation or statutory reform, the focus will be on the need for a contemporary judicial interpretation of the Self-Incrimination Clause in furtherance of the common law tradition that spawned the first understandings of the Fifth Amendment. Ultimately, this examination will call upon the Supreme Court to craft a modern application of the Self-Incrimination Clause by holding …
Public School Teachers Who Refuse To Use Preferred Names And Pronouns: A Brief Exploration Of The First Amendment Limitations In K-12 Classrooms, Suzanne Eckes
ConLawNOW
This article focuses on whether a teacher has a First Amendment right under both the free speech and free exercise clauses of the U.S. Constitution when refusing to use a student’s preferred name or pronoun in a public school classroom. The article begins by briefly summarizing a recent case from Kansas and then examines prior precedent involving teachers’ classroom speech and teachers’ rights to freely exercise their religious rights in public schools. It then briefly highlights how these issues have been addressed in previous pronoun cases and concludes with a discussion of related constitutional issues.
Abortion Rights And Federalism: Some Lessons From The Nineteenth Century United States, Kate Masur
Abortion Rights And Federalism: Some Lessons From The Nineteenth Century United States, Kate Masur
ConLawNOW
The Dobbs decision, which gives states complete control over abortion laws, has unleashed conflicts that resemble the battles that arose when enslaved people fled slave states for free states, and enslavers, in turn, mobilized state and federal power to get them back. The Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization has prompted frequent allusions to slavery and the antebellum United States. The history of those struggles reminds us of the corrosive impact of interstate conflict and of the importance of federal protections for freedom and individual rights. The history of the United States in the nineteenth century …
Symposium: The Future Of Reproductive Rights: Reevaluating Regional Law Reform Strategies After Dobbs, Jamie R. Abrams
Symposium: The Future Of Reproductive Rights: Reevaluating Regional Law Reform Strategies After Dobbs, Jamie R. Abrams
ConLawNOW
This article studies the triad of 2016 social media campaigns known as “#AskDr.Kasich,” “#askbevinaboutmyvag,” and “#PeriodsforPence” to garner insights to inform the vital work of regional law reform in a post-Dobbs America. While these campaigns, each located in the regional mid-South, were motivated by restrictive state abortion bills, they uniquely positioned menstruation and women’s bodies at the center of their activism—not abortion alone. They leveraged, as a political fault line, the contradiction of these states’ governors’ perceived disgust relating to basic women’s reproductive health, relative to their patriarchal assuredness in regulating and controlling women’s bodies. In so doing, they …
Symposium: The Future Of Reproductive Rights: Dobbs And Unenumerated Parental Custody Rights And Interests, Jeffrey A. Parness
Symposium: The Future Of Reproductive Rights: Dobbs And Unenumerated Parental Custody Rights And Interests, Jeffrey A. Parness
ConLawNOW
This article addresses issues involving custodial parents after Dobbs. It first briefly describes the federal constitutional right to an interest in custodial parentage under pre-Dobbs U.S. Supreme Court precedents. It finds few precedents on defining parents at birth and no precedents on defining parentage arising from post-birth acts. The paper then reviews Dobbs, particularly its varying takes on unenumerated constitutional rights. Finally, it explores how Dobbs should influence future precedents on federal constitutional custodial parentage that arises either at birth or after birth. It urges federal courts to expand custodial parentage in light of societal changes in …
Symposium: The Future Of Reproductive Rights: An Embryo Is Not A Person: Rejecting Prenatal Personhood For A More Complex View Of Prenatal Life, Cynthia Soohoo
Symposium: The Future Of Reproductive Rights: An Embryo Is Not A Person: Rejecting Prenatal Personhood For A More Complex View Of Prenatal Life, Cynthia Soohoo
ConLawNOW
This essay considers current claims for prenatal personhood after the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. It first explains how the Dobbs decision unnecessarily adopts a binary view of prenatal life, suggesting that the only option for courts and legislatures is to recognize prenatal personhood or deny protection for prenatal life. This ignores popular understandings that certain laws can and should protect prenatal life, especially where criminal or tortious actions are concerned, but not grant full legal personhood. The Dobbs decision also refused to draw meaningful lines about the value of prenatal life in …