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Articles 3031 - 3056 of 3056

Full-Text Articles in Constitutional Law

Constitutional Law-Saboteurs And The Jurisdiction Of Military Commissions, George T. Schilling Dec 1942

Constitutional Law-Saboteurs And The Jurisdiction Of Military Commissions, George T. Schilling

Michigan Law Review

The jurisdiction of military tribunals in the United States has troubled political and legal writers since the days of the Revolution. Decided cases are not numerous. The boundaries separating military and civil jurisdiction are not precise. Observations of the plight of oppressed peoples in other lands as well as the conception of total war and the course of action necessary for survival warrant a reexamination and reappraisal of our constitutional guarantees, which were in part based upon and reflect a fear of tyrannical military rule. A pronouncement of the Supreme Court of the United States in this field is, therefore, …


Recent Decisions, Michigan Law Review Oct 1942

Recent Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

The abstracts consist merely of summaries of the facts and holdings of recent cases and are distinguished from the notes by the absence of discussion.


Constitutional Law - Due Process - Notice And Hearing - Validity Of Statute Authorizing Seizure Of Property Illegally In Possession Of Pawnbroker, Wilbur Jacobs May 1942

Constitutional Law - Due Process - Notice And Hearing - Validity Of Statute Authorizing Seizure Of Property Illegally In Possession Of Pawnbroker, Wilbur Jacobs

Michigan Law Review

Complainant, believing his property to be illegally in the possession of defendant pawnbroker, obtained a search warrant, authorized by statute to be issued, on complaint under oath, by any magistrate who is satisfied that there is reasonable cause for complainant's belief. Although the statute required the property to be seized and delivered to complainant on his posting a bond for double the value of the property, the property was not in fact seized. However, actual notice to appear and be heard on a certain date was given to the defendant, even though such notice was not expressly required by the …


Constitutional Law - Trial By Jury - Right To Waive Presence Of Trial Judge, Robert P. Kneeland Nov 1941

Constitutional Law - Trial By Jury - Right To Waive Presence Of Trial Judge, Robert P. Kneeland

Michigan Law Review

Defendant was tried for the crime of driving a car while intoxicated. After the jury was instructed and had retired, the judge who had supervised the trial up to that point announced that he was going to another town to sit for a judge who was in poor health, but that a second judge would be available to receive the jury's verdict. Defendant's counsel failed to object to these arrangements. After the judge who heard the cause had left, the jury desired further instructions. As defendant objected to this request, however, it was denied. The second judge received the unqualified …


Constitutional Law - Criminal Law And Procedure - Right To Effective Assistance Of Counsel, Walter Muller Jan 1941

Constitutional Law - Criminal Law And Procedure - Right To Effective Assistance Of Counsel, Walter Muller

Michigan Law Review

Robbery of a Federal Reserve Bank and jeopardizing lives by the use of dangerous weapons were the charges brought against defendant in a federal district court. Ten months after being taken into custody, he was finally brought to trial. On the latter date, for the first time, the defendant expressed to the court a desire to engage different counsel because of recent difficulties he had had with his original choice. The defendant was the complaining petitioner in a pending disbarment proceeding against his attorney. But the record did not show that the defendant disclosed the nature of those differences to …


Criminal Law And Procedure - Constitutionality Of A Comment Upon Defendant's Failure To Testify, D. M. Swope Mar 1939

Criminal Law And Procedure - Constitutionality Of A Comment Upon Defendant's Failure To Testify, D. M. Swope

Michigan Law Review

For several years there has been agitation in legal and legislative circles to permit comment in a criminal action upon the failure of the defendant to testify. Both the American Bar Association and the American Law Institute have passed resolutions favoring such legislation. The chief objection to the proposal has been its alleged unconstitutionality. The purpose of this comment is to attempt to rebut such a contention and to show that the advocated change is both constitutional and eminently desirable.


Constitutional Law-Double Jeopardy-Acquittal In Prior Criminal Prosecution As Bar To Action For Penalties Based In Fraud, Allan A. Rubin Feb 1939

Constitutional Law-Double Jeopardy-Acquittal In Prior Criminal Prosecution As Bar To Action For Penalties Based In Fraud, Allan A. Rubin

Michigan Law Review

Defendant had been acquitted of a criminal charge of wilfully attempting to evade or defeat an income tax under section 146(b) of the Federal Revenue Act of 1928. Subsequently this action was initiated for the collection of an additional fifty per cent of the total amount of the deficiency under section 293 (b) of the same act, which provides that if any deficiency is due to fraud with intent to evade the tax, fifty per centum of such deficiency in addition to the amount of the deficiency shall be collected. Plaintiff brought certiorari from an order of modification eliminating the …


Constitutional Law- Right To Jury Trial - Petty Statutory Offenses, James H. Roberton Jun 1937

Constitutional Law- Right To Jury Trial - Petty Statutory Offenses, James H. Roberton

Michigan Law Review

The defendant was tried before the police court of the District of Columbia for selling, as a second-hand dealer, unused return-trip railroad tickets without a license, contrary to an Act of Congress. The act provides for a maximum penalty of $300 fine or ninety days in jail. The defendant was denied a jury trial. The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia found the defendant entitled to a jury trial. On appeal to the United States Supreme Court, it was held by a majority of the Court, that the Federal Constitution does not guarantee the defendant a jury trial …


Constitutional Law - Federal Criminal Procedure - Short Form Indictment, James H. Roberton Jan 1937

Constitutional Law - Federal Criminal Procedure - Short Form Indictment, James H. Roberton

Michigan Law Review

It is the purpose of this comment to discuss the validity under the Federal Constitution of an indictment, drawn in accordance with the proposed code, which would merely accuse the defendant of having committed some kind of "offense," and would leave the particulars of the offense to a bill of particulars.


Criminal Law And Procedure - Non-Unanimous Verdicts - Constitutionality Nov 1936

Criminal Law And Procedure - Non-Unanimous Verdicts - Constitutionality

Michigan Law Review

An amendment to section 11, article 1 of the constitution of the state of Oregon permitted the concurrence of ten of the twelve jurors to control in criminal trials except in cases of murder in the first degree. It was claimed that this amendment discriminated against persons charged with second degree murder and in favor of those on trial for first degree murder, since in the latter case the jury could recommend life imprisonment which was the punishment prescribed in the former. The court held that there was no violation of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Federal Constitution. State v. …


Criminal Law And Procedure - Repeal Of Statute - Eighteenth Amendment Mar 1934

Criminal Law And Procedure - Repeal Of Statute - Eighteenth Amendment

Michigan Law Review

Defendants Chambers and Gibson were indicted on June 5, 1933, for conspiracy to violate the National Prohibition Act, and for possessing and transporting liquor in violation of the Act. Chambers pleaded guilty, and the case was continued to the December term. The case was called for trial as to Gibson on December 6, 1933. Chambers filed a plea in abatement, and Gibson demurred to the indictment. Held, the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment, by the adoption of the Twenty-first, proclaimed December 5, 1933, barred further prosecution. United States v. Chambers and Gibson, (U.S. Sup. Ct. 1934) 1 U.S. …


The Right To Trial By Jury In Prosecutions For Petty Federal Offenses, Melville Stewart Dec 1932

The Right To Trial By Jury In Prosecutions For Petty Federal Offenses, Melville Stewart

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Constitutional Law-Criminal Procedure-Comment By Judge On Evidence Jun 1932

Constitutional Law-Criminal Procedure-Comment By Judge On Evidence

Michigan Law Review

In the recent case of People v. Kelly, the Illinois supreme court decided (two justices dissenting) that the common law right of a judge, in charging the jury, to comment on the evidence and advise as to the facts was not an essential attribute of trial by jury as it, existed at common law, and held that a statute limiting the charge strictly to matters of law was not an infringement of the right of trial by jury guaranteed by successive Illinois constitutions. The court also decided, in upholding the legislative enactment, that this restriction of the functions of …


Crimes-Procedure-Constitutionality Of The Short Form Of The Indictment Mar 1931

Crimes-Procedure-Constitutionality Of The Short Form Of The Indictment

Michigan Law Review

The respondents were tried and found guilty of murder. Held, that the constitutional provision that "the accused shall be fully informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him" requires an indictment returned by the grand jury to contain allegations as to the time and place of the assault and the time and place of death of the decedent where the crime charged is murder. State v. Rector (S. C . 1930) 155 S.E. 385.


Liberty And The Police Power, Clarence Emmett Manion Jan 1928

Liberty And The Police Power, Clarence Emmett Manion

Journal Articles

The American citizen now has practically no rights of person or property that neither Congress nor the State legislature may not impair by legislation. The adoption of the Articles of Confederation and the Federal Constitution served merely to transfer to the Federal government certain powers formerly exercised by the individual States. When all individuals were protected in the exercise of their respective rights it was never supposed that the rights of the individual were to be protected or approached through the avenues of legislation dictated by majority opinions as to what is now and again for the "general good". The …


Waiver Of Trial By Jury In Criminal Cases, S. Chesterfield Oppenheim May 1927

Waiver Of Trial By Jury In Criminal Cases, S. Chesterfield Oppenheim

Michigan Law Review

Waiver of jury trial in criminal cases generally is a highly practical issue at the present time both from the standpoint of the public and of the accused. The belief is common that the element of delay is one of the primary causes of the general disrespect attaching to the courts of criminal juridiction. It is said that an overzealousness in shielding the citizen against oppression and injustice has resulted in shifting to the background expedients designed to simplify and give momentum to the disposition of criminal cases.


The Right To A Jury Trial In West Virginia, L. C. Feb 1927

The Right To A Jury Trial In West Virginia, L. C.

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.


Former Jeopardy, Roy Mitchell Moreland Jan 1923

Former Jeopardy, Roy Mitchell Moreland

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Due Process And Punishment, Clarence E. Laylin, Alonzo H. Tuttle Apr 1922

Due Process And Punishment, Clarence E. Laylin, Alonzo H. Tuttle

Michigan Law Review

To threaten such a man with punishment," wrote Sir James .LFitzjames Stephen,' "is like threatening to punish a man for not lifting a weight which he cannot move."


The Grand Jury And Self-Incrimination, William H. Townsend Jan 1914

The Grand Jury And Self-Incrimination, William H. Townsend

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Sterilization Of Criminals, J. B. Bussey Jan 1913

Sterilization Of Criminals, J. B. Bussey

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Mar 1907

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Agency--Agent's Liability When Name of Principal is Undisclosed; Attorney and Client--Admission to Practice--Moral Character; Bailment--Hiring--Conversion; Bankruptcy--Attempted Assignment by Trustee to a Creditor of Fraudulently Acquired Property; Bankruptcy--Fraudulent Conveyance--Vendor's Lien; Banks and Banking--Pass Books--Duty of Depositor; Bills and Notes--Antecedent Debt Constitutes Value; Common Carriers--Special Service; Conflict of Laws--Defense to an Action of Tort; Constitutional law--due Process of Law--Equal Protection of the Laws--Service on State Auditor as Attorney for Corporation; Contracts--Right of Privacy--Breach of Trust; Corporations--Ultra Vires; criminal Procedure--Indictment Must Negative Exception in Statute; Damages--Measure--Medical Attendance--Loss of Business; Damages--Mental Suffering--Failure to Deliver Telegram Promptly; Deeds--Redelivery to the Grantor--Effect as to Title; Easements …


Constitutional Privileges In The Philippine Islands, Edson R. Sunderland Jan 1906

Constitutional Privileges In The Philippine Islands, Edson R. Sunderland

Articles

About a year ago an appeal was decided in the Supreme Court of the United States which came up from the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands, involving the question of the right of the government to appeal in a criminal case and to secure a conviction after an acquittal below. That case was Kepner v. United States, 195 U. S. 100. The court held, by a vote of five to four, that proceedings in error instituted by the government after an acquittal in the trial court, had the effect of placing the accused twice in jeopardy for the same …


Note And Comment, Michigan Law Review Apr 1905

Note And Comment, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Statute Requiring Examination and License as Prerequisites to Ownership or Management of a Dental Office Unconstitutional; Railroad Control of the Telegraph Business; The Need of Uniform Laws Governing "Conditional Sales"; Jurisdiction of Equity over Void Instruments; Quitclaim Deed as Affecting the Question of Good Faith; Competency of a child as a Witness; Compensation for Party Walls as Between Subsequent Grantees;


Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review Feb 1905

Recent Important Decisions, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

Attachment--alliams Writ--Collateral Attack; Attorneys--disbarment--Malfeasance in Office; Chattel Mortgages--Liability of Mortgagee for Selling More Property than Enough to Satisfy Debt; Conflict of Laws--Comity--Extraterritorial Effect of Laws; Constitutional Law--due Process of Law--Restraint of Insane Persons--Habeas Corpus; Constitutional Law--Eight-Hour Haw--Public contracts; Contempt--Libel of Court; Contract--Construction--Damages; Corporations--Fraud of Directors--Rights of Stockholders; Criminal Law--Habeas Corpus--Waver of Objections as to the Legality of Trial Court; Criminal Procedure--Bill of Exceptions--Presumption as to Evidence; Deeds--In Consideration of Support--Condition Subsequent--Charge Upon Land; Divorce--Alimony--Payment After Husband's Death; Elections--Conduct of Special Elections--Preparation of Ballots; Evidence--constitutional Law--Privilege--Witness; Evidence--Presumption--Suicide; Garnishment--Interests in Expectancy; Husband and Wife--Conveyance to Avoid Taxation--Trusts; Injunction--Parties--Contempt; Insurance, Fire--"Iron Safe" Clause--Waiver; …


Former Jeopardy In Cases Of Discharged Juries, Addison Berton Reed Jan 1895

Former Jeopardy In Cases Of Discharged Juries, Addison Berton Reed

Historical Theses and Dissertations Collection

No abstract provided.