Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

Returning To A Principled Basis For Data Protection, Gus Hosein

Chicago-Kent Law Review

Society must remain conscious of both pragmatic and principle-based rationales for information security rules. The identity card debate in the United Kingdom provides an example of exactly why a governmental information security approach that is sensitive to civil liberties would be the best approach to data protection. In contrast, we should be cautious of a balancing test that places security in parity with civil liberties and, therefore, erroneously allows pragmatism to triumph over principle.

Does The World Need Knights Errant To Combat Enemies Of All Mankind? Universal Jurisdiction, Connecting Links, And Civil Liability, Zachary Mills

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Fault Principle As The Chameleon Of Contract Law: A Market Function Approach, Stefan Grundmann

Michigan Law Review

This Article begins with a comparative law survey showing that all legal systems do not opt exclusively for fault liability or strict liability in contract law, but often adopt a more nuanced approach. This approach includes intermediate solutions such as reversing the burden of proof, using a market ("objective") standard of care, distinguishing between different types of contracts, and providing a "second chance" to breaching parties. Taking this starting point seriously and arguing that it is highly unlikely that all legal systems err, this Article argues that the core question is how and when each liability regime should prevail or …

Feminism And Its "Other": Female Autonomy In An Age Of "Difference", Maleiha Malik

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Why The French Laïcité Is Liberal, Patrick Weil

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Changing The Lebanese Constitution: A Postmodern History, John J. Donohue

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The European Convention On Human Rights And Church-State Relations: Pluralism Vs. Pluralism, Françoise Tulkens

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Veiling And Women's Intelligibility, John Borneman

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Religious Marriage In A Liberal State, Gidi Sapir, Daniel Statman

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Not Confused? Don't Be Troubled: Meeting The First Amendment Attack On Protection Of "Generic" Foreign Geographical Indications, Scott Danner

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Market For Contracts, Geoffrey P. Miller, Theodore Eisenberg

Cardozo Law Review

Recent empirical work has established that New York supplies the law and forum in nearly half the material commercial contracts of public firms. In this respect New York plays a role for commercial contracts analogous to the role played by Delaware with respect to corporate charters. Is the revealed preference for New York law and forum merely the result of choices made by the contracting parties, or does New York actively compete for this business? This paper describes ways in which New York seeks to attract and retain corporate contracts in competition with other potential providers of law and forum. …

Vat Derogations In Germany, Austria, Denmark, And Estonia: Use And Enjoyment Rules, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

When the Czech Republic elected (effective January 1, 2009) to derogate from the standard rules for determining the place of supply for intangible services, pursuant to Article 58 of the Recast VAT Directive (RVD), it was following the lead of ten other Member States. This paper considers four of those other jurisdictions - Germany, Austria, Estonia, and Denmark - and compares their derogations with that of the Czech Republic.

In each instance a use and enjoyment standard determines the place of supply for certain intangible services. The affected transactions are (potentially) wide ranging. In each instance non-EU countries are on …

U.S. Certified Claims Against Cuba: Legal Reality And Likely Settlement Mechanisms, Timothy Ashby

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

Misconceptions abound regarding U.S. certified claims against Cuba for properties taken by the Castro regime. Given the probability that the Obama administration may pursue a different Cuba policy than its predecessors, a realistic approach to resolution of the claims issue requires an objective understanding of the legal environment and options for settlement.

Actual Exploitation, Simulated Exploitation And A Tin Drum: A Comparative Analysis Of Child Pornography Law In The United States And Canada, Maurice "Mac" Verstandig

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

The United States and Canada two of the world's foremost modern, liberalized societies regularly combat an awkward and painful tension between free speech rights and the wellbeing of minors. Though there generally exists a consensus that child pornography represents a certain dark realm of material outside the oft-amorphous protections afforded speech, the establishment of an acceptable working definition of this criminal fodder has proven contentiously difficult. This paper explores each nation's struggles with this tension, through the lens of legislative efforts, judicial responses, and the productions that seem to perennially blur the line between art and crime. It is ultimately …

A Study Of Cyber-Violence And Internet Service Providers' Liability: Lessons From China, Anne S.Y. Cheung

Washington International Law Journal

Cyber-violence and harassment have been on the rise and have been a worrying trend worldwide. With the rise of blogs, discussion boards, and Youtube, we may become targets of false allegations or our movements and gestures may have been captured by modern technology at any moment to be broadcast on the Internet for a public trial of millions to judge. In China, netizens have resorted to cyber manhunt, known as the “human flesh search engine,” to expose details of individuals who have violated social norms one way or another, achieving social shaming, monitoring and ostracism. Individuals concerned have little legal …

No Room For Dissent: China's Laws Against Disturbing Social Order Undermine Its Commitments To Free Speech And Hamper The Rule Of Law, Mindy Kristin Longanecker

Washington International Law Journal

The term “disturbing social order” appears in several Chinese civil and criminal laws. The vagueness of these three words, combined with the national culture of censorship, undermines various legal provisions that guarantee freedom of speech in China. As a result, laws against disturbing social order suppress nonviolent political speech in this rising world power. This became clear during the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where both individual protestors and corps of journalists found their work frustrated by laws against disturbing social order. Chinese lawmakers could remedy this conflict of laws by clarifying the term “disturbing social order,” and by creating …

An Indigenous Lens Into Comparative Law: The Doctrine Of Discovery In The United States And New Zealand, Robert J. Miller, Jacinta Ruru

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

The United States As Global Cop: Defining The 'Substantial Effects' Test In U.S. Antitrust Enforcement In The Americas And Abroad, Jordan A. Dresnick, Kimberley A. Piro, Israel J. Encinosa

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Danish Cartoon Controversy And The Rhetoric Of Libertarian Regret, Robert A. Khan

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

The publication of cartoons insulting the prophet Mohammed created afar greater controversy in Europe than it did in the United States. In this article, I attempt to trace this difference to broader differences in the way Americans and Europeans think about offensive speech. While Americans have developed a language of "libertarian regret, " which allows them to criticize speech that they nevertheless concede the legal system must protect, Europeans are much more concerned about the threat posed by acts of intolerance. As a result, Europeans tended to view Muslim protests against the cartoons as a potential harbinger of totalitarianism. By …

Cuban Private International Law: Some Observations, Comparisons, And Suppositions, Kevin Tuininga

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

How Bromfield V. Mukasey Correctly Applied U.S. Immigration Law In A Victory For Civil Rights And A Scathing Rebuke Of Jamaica's Pervasive Homophobia, Michael D. Ford

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Lawful Permanent Residents: The Forced Bachelors And Bachelorettes Of America, Gisela Alouan Ades

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Modernizing Charity Law In China, Rebecca Lee

Washington International Law Journal

In recent years, the cultivation of domestic charities has been an important item on the development agenda of the Chinese government. In pursuit of this end, China has attempted to modernize its laws governing charitable organizations. Despite these welcome attempts and a rich tradition of philanthropy, China’s existing legal framework still fails to support an effective charitable sector. The government, noting the crucial role of the charitable sector, has begun drafting a comprehensive statute that will govern charities. In light of these emergent trends, this paper critically examines the inadequacies of the existing legal structure, highlighting the need to devise …

The Future Of International Antitrust And Improving Antitrust Agency Capacity, D. Daniel Sokol

UF Law Faculty Publications

This Essay focuses on how both external—international institutions—and internal—agency capacity and technical assistance—dynamics shape the capacity of younger agencies to undertake antitrust in their jurisdictions. Both approaches play an important role in improving capacity. In the case of technical assistance, this Essay analyzes survey data from recipient agencies of antitrust technical assistance to determine the most effective means of improving antitrust agency capacity. Part I explains the type of capacity building that antitrust agencies undertake themselves. The rest of this Essay focuses upon international efforts that can assist agencies in capacity building. Part II describes the work that international antitrust …

Safeguarding China's Cultural History: Proposed Amendments To The 2002 Law On The Protection Of Cultural Relics, Amanda K. Maus

Washington International Law Journal

The 2002 Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics (“2002 Law”) has done little to safeguard cultural property in China. While the statute provides general procedures for relic collection, protection, and cataloging, and sets punishments for individuals and entities that violate the law, it does not furnish funding for the implementation of these measures. Amendments in 2007 failed to address the major problems of the 2002 Law—notably, the lack of incentives to return stolen or looted property and insufficient funding of the law. Due to these problems, the 2002 Law should again be amended to create a fund for the …

Article 14 Of China's New Labor Contract Law: Using Open-Term Contracts To Appropriately Balance Worker Protection And Employer Flexibility, Jovita T. Wang

Washington International Law Journal

China’s economy rapidly developed as it shifted from a planned economy to a market economy. Cheap labor encouraged foreign companies to conduct business in China, but that business came at the expense of labor protection. Workers who had previously enjoyed lifetime employment suddenly faced rampant layoffs, labor abuse, and unemployment. Despite China’s implementation of the Labor Law in 1994, labor abuse continued, especially by employers refusing to follow written contract requests to define the employment relationship. Many workers were left unprotected. In response to these problems, China passed the Labor Contract Law in 2007 to clarify requirements of employment contracts …

A Proposed Transjudicial Approach To S. 15(2) Charter Adjudication, Vanita Goela

Dalhousie Law Journal

Canada and India are both pluralistic democracies with diverse populations. Both countries have drafted constitutional provisions which enshrine equality rights and permit affirmative action. In India, various disadvantaged groups receive special protection from the Constitution of India, such as the Other Backward Classes (OBC). The Supreme Court of India has held that States and the Central government must identify the "creamy layer" within the OBC category so that reservations target members who are most in need. Otherwise, the OBC category is overinclusive. The creamy layer includes those who are socially and economically advanced and who no longer require the benefits …

The Kids Aren't Alright: An Examination Of Some Of The Flaws In American Law Regarding Child Disinheritance, The Reasons That Children Should Be Protected, And A Recommendation For The United States To Learn From The Australian Model That Protects Children Against Disinheritance, Adam Dayan

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The note argues that American law should adopt a more balanced approach to testamentary freedom by incorporating protections for children against disinheritance, drawing inspiration from the Australian model. While the Uniform Probate Code (UPC) currently allows testators complete freedom to disinherit children, the elective share and the unspoken rule—where courts use the undue influence doctrine to override disinheritance—suggest that testamentary freedom is not absolute. The note advocates for reform, emphasizing the moral obligation of parents to provide for their children, particularly in light of societal changes such as rising divorce rates and an aging population.

The National Flood Insurance Program: Maintaining Its Head Above Water, Aparna Kirknel Majmudar

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

National flood insurance programs implement flood prevention, create flood zone land-use policy, and establish protocols for relief With climate change and development raising the risk and exposure of human populations to flood, the United States 'National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has been heavily scrutinized, especially in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. This article examines the validity of the two main criticisms of NFIP, and seeks to inform a better understanding of NFIP's integrity through a comparative analysis between NFIP and several different flood insurance models in Europe. As a result, this analysis yields recommendations that can benefit NFIP, as well …

The Perilous Dialogue, Laura K. Donohue

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The master metaphor in the national security dialogue is, indeed, “security or freedom”. It dominates the counterterrorist discourse both in the United States and abroad. Transcripts from debates in Ireland’s Dáil Éireann, Turkey’s Büyük Millet Meclisi, and Australia’s Parliament are filled with reference to the need to weigh the value of liberty against the threat posed by terrorism. Perhaps nowhere is this more pronounced than in the United Kingdom, where, for decades, counterterrorist debates have turned on this framing. Owing in part, though, to different constitutional structures, what “security or freedom” means in America differs from what it means in …