Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

Preserving The Future: Recognizing Intergenerational Equity In United States Constitutional Jurisprudence In Light Of Evolving Climate Rights Litigation, Molly Morgan

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

Climate rights litigation is an essential part of holding states accountable for their climate change obligations. This type of litigation has increased across the globe, and domestic and international courts have issued landmark rulings that serve as precedent for reinforcing state obligations and protecting constitutional and human rights in the process. One focus of these cases is intergenerational equity, which implicates the theory that inadequate state action on climate change violates the rights of future generations. This Article explores the evolution of this theory in domestic and international law, illustrating its increasing importance in climate rights litigation and the necessity …

Provisional Release At International Criminal Courts And Tribunals – Lessons Learned?, Ava Schuster, Göran Sluiter

FIU Law Review

This article builds on Professor Meghan Fairlie’s earlier critique of pre-trial detention practices at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Fairlie identified significant shortcomings in safeguarding the right to liberty and the presumption of innocence of detainees, arguing that the Tribunal’s approach was inconsistent with international human rights law (IHRL). Fifteen years later, how has the International Criminal Court (ICC) addressed these concerns? While the Rome Statute introduces notable improvements, including an explicit commitment to IHRL, the Court’s practice still heavily favors detention over liberty. A key issue remains the ICC’s reliance on State cooperation for provisional …

Upholding The Absolute Prohibition Of Torture: Afchpr On Detention In Tanzania, Aly Orvis

Human Rights Brief

On September 3, 2024, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (AfCHPR) rendered its decision in Habyalimana Augustino and Muburu Abdulkarim v. United Republic of Tanzania. The case involved two Burundian nationals who, as refugees in Tanzania, were implicated in a murder-for-hire scheme. This scheme was allegedly orchestrated by Mama Mboya—the wife of a high ranking commanding officer who suspected the victim of having an affair with her husband. Convicted in 2007, the applicants were sentenced to death by hanging. In their petition to the AfCHPR, they argued that they had been subjected to torture and inhumane conditions at …

How Pretrial Detention Deprives A Child’S Access To Education: The Convention On The Rights Of The Child And The Juvenile Justice Reform Act, Abby Groetsch

Human Rights Brief

Although the United States (“U.S.”) has not ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which specifically outlines the rights of juvenile defendants, the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments provides implicit rights for children accused of criminal acts. In 1967, the Supreme Court decided In re Gault, definitively establishing that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment applied to juvenile defendants. The Supreme Court has also stated that children should be treated differently than adults, outlining different sentencing requirements for crimes committed while a person is under the age of eighteen.

Kobaliya V. Russia: Curtailing Civil Society Through Labels Of Foreign Influence., Alida Blendonohy

Human Rights Brief

In a January 2025 judgment, the European Court of Human Rights (“ECtHR”) held in the case of Kobaliya and Others v. Russia that the application of Russia’s foreign agent legislation violated Articles 8, 9 and 10 of the European Con­vention on Human Rights (“ECHR”) which pro­tect the rights to freedom of expression, freedom of association, and respect for private and family life.

In Kobaliya, the ECtHR assessed Russia’s foreign agent legislation, its evolution since 2012, and its increasing restrictiveness. In its initial 2012 enactment, the law applied to nongovernmental organizations (“NGOs”) that participated in political activity with foreign funding, …

La Interculturalidad Como Estrategia Para Contribuir A La Igualdad Y No Discriminacion De Los Pueblos Originarios En El Derecho A La Educacion Superior: El Caso De Argentina, Julian Ariel Madrid Moreno

American University International Law Review

Argentina es un país que se ha comprometido a cumplir diferentes tratados internacionales de derechos humanos, sin embargo, desde hace muchos años, y con mayor intensidad en el presente, existe desigualdad y discriminación racial en la educación superior Argentina. En un reciente informe elaborado por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) demuestra que el mencionado país no está garantizando ni fomentando herramientas suficientes para que los pueblos originarios puedan acceder a la educación superior de manera igualitaria y sin discriminación, menoscabando gravemente sus derechos fundamentales.

“There Is No Fashion On A Dead Planet:”1 How A Mandatory Reporting Directive Shared By The Us And The Eu And Centered On Transparency Could Be The First Step To Increased Sustainability In The Fashion Industry, Adrienne Redman

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

The fashion industry hangs on self-expression and individualism, yet our methods of consumption and their resulting environmental impacts are far from an individualistic concern. This paper examines the global fashion industry’s substantial contribution to pollution, resource-depletion, and waste as evidence that the self-regulation model is insufficient to curb the environmental footprint of the industry. Self-regulation presumes that consumer awareness and the desire to purchase sustainably will be enough to limit the industry’s environmental impact. However, this presumption is undermined by a lack of standardized and enforceable regulations necessary for consumer-decision making. Instead, greenwashing and deceptive environmental claims have pervaded the …

Masthead & Table Of Contents

Dalhousie Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Actualized Language Policy On Ukrainian Stability, 1989-2022, Dawn Hersey

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

This dissertation seeks to generate a new perspective of the complicated relationship between actualized policy and stability through looking at Ukraine’s language policies and stability in a mixed manner approach that includes both primary and secondary sources. Russia justified its irridentist activities through claiming to protect Russian nationals within Ukraine’s borders: language policies within Ukraine appear to be a trigger for Russian antagonism. Neither Russian irridentism nor Ukrainian nationalism are being considered as right or wrong in this dissertation: the intent is to highlight trends, patterns, and perceptions in alignment with Ukrainian language policy. This dissertation does not present a …

Penggunaan Unconventional Weapons Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Modern, Fadhillah Wahid Pramudya Aldiansyach

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The use of unconventional weapons such as cluster munitions, white phosphorus, nuclear weapons, artificial intelligence-based autonomous systems (AI/LAWS), and military neurotechnology is increasingly dominating modern armed conflicts. The characteristics of these weapons, particularly their widespread effects, uncertainty of control, and potential for automatic escalation, can pose serious challenges to the application of the principles of distinction and proportionality in International Humanitarian Law (IHL), especially when used in densely populated areas. The modernization of nuclear systems, the accelerated integration of AI into military command, and the emergence of neurotechnology indicate a regulatory gap that could potentially undermine humanitarian protection. This study …

Pengakuan Hak Masyarakat Adat Dalam Hukum Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam: Studi Perbandingan Indonesia–Australia, Farid Al Hadana, Sukarman Sukarman, Farhan Margono, Hamzah Hamzah

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Meskipun terdapat pengakuan konstitusional di Indonesia dan Australia, hak-hak masyarakat adat dalam tata kelola sumber daya alam masih lemah perlindungannya, terutama karena kerangka kerja Indonesia yang terfragmentasi dan tersentralisasi gagal mewujudkan keadilan lingkungan. Makalah ini membandingkan rezim hukum Indonesia dan Australia terkait tata kelola lahan dan sumber daya masyarakat adat untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana pengakuan dapat diubah menjadi hak yang dapat ditegakkan dan untuk merumuskan model reformasi yang berorientasi pada keadilan bagi Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan analisis hukum komparatif kualitatif, makalah ini menggabungkan observasi doktrinal terhadap yurisprudensi konstitusional, peraturan-undangan, dan yurisprudensi dengan pemeriksaan dokumen kebijakan dan konflik ilustratif yang melibatkan wilayah masyarakat …

Ius Constituendum Pengaturan Ambang Batas Parlemen Berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 116/Puu-Xxi/2023, Arsyianti Mega Nanda, Erland Ferdinansyah

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Pemilu merupakan wujud pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat di Indonesia yang menganut sistem presidensial dan multipartai. Namun, banyaknya partai memicu instabilitas koalisi dan melemahkan dukungan terhadap presiden. Untuk mengatasi hal ini diterapkan ambang batas parlemen (Parliamentary Threshold). Putusan MK No. 116/PUU-XXI/2023 menyatakan ambang batas 4% konstitusional untuk Pemilu 2024, namun inkonstitusional untuk Pemilu selanjutnya. Putusan ini menegaskan perlunya ambang batas baru yang tidak hanya menyederhanakan sistem kepartaian, tetapi juga menjamin keadilan suara dan proporsionalitas sesuai prinsip kedaulatan rakyat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan. Kerangka teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi teori …

Analisis Demokrasi Pada Pengisian Jabatan Gubernur Dan Wakil Gubernur Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Akbar Ardya Putra, Rosita Candrakirana, Andina Elok Puri Maharani

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of democracy in the process of filling the governor and deputy governor positions in the Yogyakarta Special Region. This is regulated in the Special Areas Act No. 13/2012. The Act stipulates that the candidates for governor can only be the descendants of the Yogyakarta Sultanate and the candidates for deputy governor can be the descendants of the Duchy of Pakualaman. Following these provisions, there are differences between the special region of Yogyakarta and other regions using general elections to fill regional heads. The results of the study show that the …

Digital Constitutionalism: Resistensi Kebebasan Berpendapat Di Indonesia Dalam Hegemoni Algoritma Ruang Digital, Yuniar Prehatini, Linda Noviana Mita Devi

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Era digital membawa transformasi dalam segala aspek kehidupan. Perkembangan teknologi menghadirkan perkembangan zaman pada sisi positif dan negatif dimana penggunaan ruang digital yang dapat diakses tanpa batasan wilayah. Kebebasan diartikan melalui teknologi dengan adanya akses ruang digital memberikan kemudahan akses kepada siapa pun. Melalui algoritma digital, segala hal baik dari aspek budaya, politik, maupun ekonomi dapat diketahui sehingga hal ini juga dapat menimbulkan keresahan apabila tidak diatur batasan akan keberadaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian normatif yang fokus pada analisis terhadap norma, asas, doktrin, dan teori hukum yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan hak asasi manusia di ruang digital. Hasil penulisan ini menunjukkan …

Analisis Klausula Choice Of Forum Dalam Kontrak Standar E-Commerce Di Indonesia: Kajian Berdasarkan Perspektif Perlindungan Konsumen, Sarping Saputra

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This research discusses choice of forum clauses in standard contracts on the five largest e-commerce platforms in Indonesia, namely Shopee, Tokopedia, Lazada, Bukalapak, and Blibli. The clause stipulates the mechanism and location of dispute resolution that automatically binds consumers when using the platform. In practice, these clauses tend to burden consumers, especially regarding access to fair dispute resolution. This research focuses on the compatibility of the choice of forum clause with the principles of consumer protection regulated in the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK). The results reveal that most e-commerce platforms use exclusive forms of choice of forum clauses, such as …

Urgensi Optimalisasi Regulasi Ico Dan Regulatory Sandbox Di Indonesia: Studi Komparatif Malaysia, Singapura, Dan Uea, Arfan Yanayir Akbar Sabillilah

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Regulasi aset kripto di Indonesia sedang mengalami transisi mendasar menyusul diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan (UU P2SK), yang mengalihkan pengawasan dari Bappebti ke Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Bank Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, kerangka kerja saat ini masih menyisakan celah yang signifikan, khususnya terkait mekanisme penggalangan dana publik seperti Initial Coin Offering (ICO), Initial Exchange Offering (IEO), dan Security Token Offering (STO), serta tidak adanya Regulatory Sandbox khusus untuk inovasi berbasis kripto. Celah-celah ini menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum, meningkatkan risiko penipuan, dan melemahkan perlindungan investor. Studi ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan hukum komparatif, menganalisis model regulasi di Malaysia, Singapura, …

Constitutional Comparisons And Language, De Maartje Visser

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Language can be seen as an intuitive challenge for those who embark on comparative constitutional research: its intricate entanglement with law is often overlooked and not engaged with explicitly. This chapter argues that this is a missed opportunity at best, and arguably presents a hazard for the collective quality of the scholarly discourse. It discusses four ways in which language matters when engaging in constitutional comparisons: the problem of literal translation; the problem of legal-conceptual translation; a multilingual discourse that is marked by fragmentation; and expectations in communication with a foreign or international readership. The approach taken is constructive, with …

The Inevitability Of Adaptability - Comparative Contributions To Understanding Originalism, Anna C. Conley

Faculty Law Review Articles

What can comparative law teach us about originalism as a constitutional interpretation method? After synthesizing existing comparative analyses, this article seeks to redefine comparative law’s role in understanding originalism. When defining originalism strictly to require adherence to fixed original meaning, originalism is not used by courts anywhere in the world. Instead, courts use history purposively to understand the intent behind constitutional text as one of many methods of interpretation. Comparative works suggest historical constitutional interpretation has a complex relationship with rights, politics and culture.

Comparative law can provide not only descriptive understandings of originalism but also interrogate its mandate that …

The "Casserole" Constitution: The South African Constitution And International Law, Penelope Andrews

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

Defining A Field And Building A Human Rights In Patient Care Community, Tamar Ezer

Articles

No abstract provided.

Separability Doctrine: Perspectives From China, England And The Model Law, Jia Jun Benjamin Goh

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In this article, the author compares the application of the separability doctrine in the People's Republic of China, England and Wales, and select Model Law jurisdictions (including Singapore and Hong Kong). This article argues that the proper scope of the doctrine must include situations of both contractual validity and existence are in question. Additionally, the doctrine should apply in finding that the law of the arbitration agreement is different from the law of the main contract. Finally, the doctrine must also serve to protect party autonomy to shield an arbitration agreement from self defeating main agreements.