Comparative and Foreign Law | Open Access Articles

Masthead & Table Of Contents

Dalhousie Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Anonymous Hacktivism: Flying The Flag Of Feminist Ethics For The Ukraine It Army, Ellen Cornelius

Homeland Security Publications

No abstract provided.

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Confronting State Violence: Lessons From India's Farmer Protests, Smita Narula

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

In December 2021, following a year of sustained mass protests, farmers in India forced the repeal of three controversial Farm Laws that attempted to deregulate India’s agricultural sector in service of corporate interests. Farmers feared that the laws would dismantle price supports for key crops, jeopardize their livelihoods, and facilitate a corporate takeover of India’s agrarian economy. This Article situates India’s historic farmer protests in the context of the country’s longstanding agrarian crisis and the corporate capture of agriculture worldwide. I argue that the protests arose in response not only to the Farm Laws, but also to decades of state-sponsored …

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Uncovering Lies With Family Ties: The Use And Legal Implications Of Investigative Genetic Genealogy In The United States And United Kingdom, Rebecca James

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

Investigative genetic genealogy is a fascinating, yet controversial, forensic technique that began to gather recognition around 2018. Investigative genetic genealogy takes identification through familial matches to a new level by comparing unidentified DNA samples to the samples submitted to increasingly popular direct-to-consumer databases, like AncestryDNA, 23andME, and FamilyTreeDNA. Because of the technique’s ability to supply significant leads in new and old cases, countries around the world have begun to consider the use of investigative genetic genealogy. However, some countries have been slower than others to adopt the technique due to privacy concerns and countries’ existing privacy laws. Using the United …

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All Is Fair In Love And War: But What About War Trials?, Bronwyn Tuff

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

The right to a fair trial is not just protected by a state’s domestic statute but also by international law under the 1949 Geneva Convention. In the most basic sense, a fair trial theoretically requires competent courts, penalty proportionality, proper notification, right of defense, right of appeal, and restrictions on the issuance of the death penalty. However, the requirements set by international law often fail to account for the desire of justice that may diminish the true fairness of a trial even though all requirements are present. This note examines the recent domestic war crime trials conducted by Ukraine during …

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Masthead - Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review, Vol. 6 (2022-23)

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Lives In The Balance: Targeting And Civilian Comparative Value, Christopher F. Melling

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

When United States commanders want to attack lawful targets, they must decide if the attack is proportional under the Law of Armed Conflict ("LOAC'). The attack cannot cause excessive harm to civilians compared to the strike's military benefit. To help commanders decide if the strike is proportional, intelligence analysts forecast the number of men, women, and children who may be injured or killed as collateral damage. Yet because civilians are not equal for the purpose of targeting, commanders have no viable standard for evaluating the limited, homogenous data they receive on civilians. Commanders should have more information to help them …

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Segmented Innovation In The Legalization Of Mitochondrial Transfer: Lessons From Australia And The United Kingdom, Myrisha S. Lewis

Faculty Publications

The U.S. is often characterized as a leader in innovation—a home of Nobel Prize‐winning scientists, innovators, and abundant research funding. Yet, in the area of assisted reproduction combined with genetic modification or substitution, what I call “reproductive genetic innovation,” that characterization begins to wane. This Article focuses on the regulation of mitochondrial transfer, a subset of reproductive genetic innovation. While human clinical trials related to mitochondrial transfer go forward in the U.K., the clinical use of the technique remains illegal in the U.S. due to a system of subterranean regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and a now-recurring …

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The Corporate Forum, Sergio Alberto Gramitto Ricci, Christina M. Sautter

Faculty Works

In this response to Professor Jill Fisch’s article "GameStop and the Reemergence of the Retail Investor," we focus on one of the risks associated with the growth of retail investing that Fisch surveys, uncontrolled information sourcing. Drawing on our work on retail investors, we revisit an instrument dear to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, whose potential has not been unleashed so far, the corporate forum. Our response succinctly discusses the main mechanics of the corporate forum, the benefits the corporate forum could provide, and the feasibility hurdles that might undermine the success of corporate forums.

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Table Of Contents - Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review, Vol. 6, Iss. 1

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Debate Surrounding The Company Purpose In The Post-Pandemic Age, Leon Anidjar

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The recent COVID-19 pandemic crisis produced many creative responses to confront its adverse results. Many companies worldwide were required to adopt innovative thinking by altering their business activities and revising their entire supply chain by attracting different types of resources delivered by various stakeholders. This Article explores the implications of this fundamental change on central theoretical assumptions of corporate governance. It articulates a new stakeholders-resources theory that explores governance norms as part of the firm's quest for inputs required to generate a competitive advantage. It applies this analytical framework in the debate on corporate purpose. This Article argues that companies …

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The Law And Finance Of Infrastructure Investment, Daisuke Asaoka

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Institutional design facilitates the investment of private capital in infrastructure. The Article deals with concessions, which have been a major format for infrastructure privatization in Japan since their legislation in 2011. It argues that the Japanese government, faced with mounting public debt, walks a thin line between attracting private capital and securing public interest in infrastructure under private operation. By comparing concessions with stock sales, the mainstream form of privatization until the legislation, the Article shows that while concessions have advantages in terms of economics and public interest control, they may hinder the strategic growth of private enterprises by limiting …

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Natural Resource Governance In Qing China: Lineage Institutions And The Making Of Common Property Regimes, Jason Jia-Xi Wu

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Historically, common property is one of the dominant forms of ownership through which natural resources-e.g., forests, pastures, and fisheries-are managed. However, their decline across societies due to marketization and privatization has prompted intense debates. This Article seeks to answer the following questions: (1) Why did some common property regimes dissipate quickly, while others resisted the forces of privatization for generations? (2) What explains the divergent trajectories that societies took in governing common resources? Building on the classic Coasean and Demsetzian law-andeconomics principles, this Article highlights two additional dimensions-institutional capacity and social embeddedness of propertyto explain how "hidden" social costs impacted …

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Sanctions, Financial Regulation, And Crypto In Latin America, Camilla Oliva

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The note examines the intersection of corruption, financial regulation, and cryptocurrency in Latin America, arguing that U.S. sanctions and the lack of effective financial regulation have inadvertently enabled corruption in the region. It explores how cryptocurrencies, while offering potential solutions to financial instability, are also exploited by corrupt actors and governments to circumvent sanctions and regulatory frameworks. The analysis highlights the dual role of cryptocurrencies as both a tool for financial inclusion and a means of evading accountability, particularly in countries like Venezuela and El Salvador.

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Prohibiting Slavery & The Slave Trade, Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum

Articles

Slavery and the slave trade stubbornly persist in our time, but they receive insufficient attention in international human rights law. Even when courts adjudicate slavery violations, they often fail to characterize slave trade conduct that nearly always precedes slavery. Courts also characterize acts that meet the definition of slavery or the slave trade only as other human rights harms, such as forced labor or human trafficking. This failure to accurately characterize violations also as slavery and the slave trade perpetuates impunity and denies victims full expressive justice. This Article argues for reviving international human rights law’s prohibitions of slavery and …

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A Comparative Look At The Response To Organized Crime In The Ports Of New York-New Jersey And Vancouver, Julia Pjevach

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The note examines the influence of organized crime in ports, focusing on the Port of New York/New Jersey and the Port of Vancouver. It highlights the effectiveness of the Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor in reducing crime through centralized regulation and contrasts it with Vancouver's decentralized approach, which lacks a unified policing mechanism. The analysis underscores the need for stronger regulatory measures and adaptive strategies to combat evolving criminal activities in both ports.

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Solitary Confinement: What The United States Can Learn From England And Norway, Markus Wieshofer

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The note argues that the United States should reform its solitary confinement system by adopting key aspects from England and Norway, such as robust oversight mechanisms and a rehabilitative focus, to address the harsh conditions and negative effects of solitary confinement on inmates.

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Legal Perspectives On The Streaming Industry: The United States, Irene Calboli

Faculty Scholarship

In the past decade, streaming has become one of the most popular formats of “consuming” entertainment and other content—from music to videos, and concerts, sports, conferences, and other events. In the United States, the majority of consumers subscribe to one or more streaming services today. Popular streaming services include famous platforms such as Spotify, Netflix, Apple Music, or Apple TV, Pandora, YouTube, and more. Beside subscription-based services, several of these platforms offer “freemium,” or ad-paid version of their services, which allow users to access content with advertisements for free. As elaborated in several industry reports and other publications, the rise …

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Fighting In The Fields: The Weaponization Of Agriculture & Its Legal Significance, Shelby Lepley

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

National prosperity depends on agricultural production for life-sustaining food, fiber, and by-products. Due to the inherent importance of the agricultural industry, it is often targeted in conflict to gain leverage against opposing forces. The Russo-Ukraine War provides a prime example of agriculture’s role during conflict, especially considering direct attacks to agricultural infrastructure and the Black Sea Grain Initiative. While this is an on-going conflict with emerging developments, this note will briefly examine the aspects of international humanitarian law and trade law that relate to the weaponization of agriculture. Furthermore, the analysis will evaluate whether there is sufficient legal deterrence to …

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The Rise Of Fast Fashion And The Lack Of Protections In The Garment Worker Industry, Sydney Smalling

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

The rise of fast fashion, a term used to characterize inexpensive clothing produced rapidly by mass-market retailers in response to the latest trends, has permeated the modern-day ready-made garment industry. As production times have sped up and prices have gone down, this phenomenon has not only changed the way that consumers shop but also exacerbated unsafe labor practices in some countries. Low wages and long hours, coupled with a lack of regulatory oversight, have subjected workers in this industry to unimaginable working conditions while simultaneously allowing some of the largest fashion retailers to profit off low-cost labor and supply chain …

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Rechtsstrukturvergleichung, Corinna Coupette, Dirk Hartung

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Rechtsstrukturvergleichung untersucht die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den Strukturen einzelner Rechtssysteme. Theoretisch verwurzelt in Systemtheorie und Komplexitätsforschung, modelliert sie Rechtssysteme als Netzwerke von Dokumenten, Organisationen und Individuen. Rechtsstrukturvergleichung nutzt Methoden der Netzwerkanalyse, um diese Netzwerke zu vermessen, ihre Veränderung über die Zeit zu beobachten und mehrere Rechtssysteme quantitativ zu vergleichen. Sie unterscheidet sich von anderen Ansätzen der Rechtsvergleichung in ihren Annahmen, Methoden und Zielen, indem sie die Abhängigkeiten zwischen den Systembestandteilen abbildet und eher datenwissenschaftliche als ökonometrische Werkzeuge einsetzt. Als neuartige Ergänzung des Methodenrepertoires der Rechtsvergleichung eröffnet die Rechtsstrukturvergleichung zahlreiche Möglichkeiten für weitere Forschung auf der Schnittstelle von Rechtsvergleichung und …

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Monarchical Constitutional Guardianship And Legal Metissage In Asia, De Maartje Visser, Andrew. Harding

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This article presents a roadmap for examining the phenomenon of monarchy in Asia, which we conceive as a pluralist institution in a twofold manner. First, many monarchies discharge a wide range of roles and responsibilities ranging from the symbolic to the religious to the legal-political. These varied functions can be usefully captured under the notion of constitutional guardianship, and call for intersectional analysis. Second, it is common for monarchies to have metamorphosed from being purely endogenous institutions to becoming ones embedded in a scheme of limited, constitutional government under the influence of ideas from elsewhere. Monarchies should accordingly be viewed …

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Pengaturan Pembatasan Penggunaan Data Nasabah Bank Untuk Mencegah Penggelapan Dana Nasabah Di Bank, Nathasya Nauli Nainggolan, Rouli Anita Velentina

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

As financial institutions, banks are required to have customer data protection mechanisms. This is for the sake of the banking busines’ continuity that is being undertaken. The sustainability of a bank's business is largely determined by the trust of the customers to save funds and use bank services. The customer data protection mechanism is one of a risk management form that is primarily aimed at protecting customer personal data, which is useful for preventing the risk of misuse of bank customer data by irresponsible persons. This study aims to discuss the provisions regarding the protection of customer data by banks …

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Pembaruan Pemahaman Bahasa Hukum Indonesia Dalam Penafsiran Konstitusi Untuk Jaminan Kepastian Hukum, Normand Edwin Elnizar

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

This article attempts to explain legal language aspects need to be improved in implementing laws that uphold justice while at the same time provide legal certainty. The study is limited to the constitution as the highest law in the national legal system. The explanation of the linguistic aspect including foreign legal terminology in the constitutional interpretation and the constitutional interpretation as a discourse analysis. It was conducted by literature research to compare the paradigm of constitutional interpretation theory with linguistic aspects in linguistic theory. Decision Number 84/PUU-XVI/2018 used as example for this research. This qualitative research describes some linguistic aspects …

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Deregulasi Terhadap Paradoks Vaksin Covid-19 Sebagai Barang Publik Dan Vaksin Berbayar Dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 19 Tahun 2021, Fikri Ahsan

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The Coronavirus Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine coronavirus (COVID-19) on pandemics is public goods that make public use of all societies in general, but in the regulation of the minister of health number 19 of 2021 regarding the second amendment to the regulation of the minister of health number 10 of 2021 regarding the implementation of vaccinations in the wake of the corona virus virus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, Explains the cooperative vaccination that funding is imposed on individuals/individuals (paid). This goes against public goods and tends to become commercial private goods, so in this pandemic of covid-19 should not be …

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Ultimum Remedium Terhadap Keterlibatan Notaris Dalam Perbuatan Melawan Hukum, Halwa Fairuzia, Rouli Anita Velentina

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Ultimum Remedium is a principle that means criminal sanctions should be the last resort in solving a problem, where civil and administrative sanctions are prioritised. In this journal, the researcher will discuss how this principle relates to the authority held by the Notary Honorary Council in limiting actions against the law committed by notaries. This study uses normative juridical research, where the law serves as a foundation for examining legal regulations related to legal issues regarding unlawful acts committed by notaries.

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Redistribusi Tanah Bekas Hak Erfpacht Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Pilot Project Of Agrarian Reform Guna Mewujudkan Sustainable Development Di Desa Galengdowo, Kabupaten Jombang, Fadila Fernanda, Adhitya Widya Kartika

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The redistribution of land with erfpacht right in Galengdowo village is one of the agrarian reform programs in the form of distributing state land to cultivators by giving ownership right to the land they cultivate. These freehold land certificates can then be used as collateral to obtain business capital through Community Land Empowerment (CLE) which is aimed at becoming a pilot project for an agrarian reforma village producing coffee and dairy products by developing regional-level businesses to become national scale. This study uses an empirical legal research method that examines the implementation of law in society. The approach used is …

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Keping Puzzle Yang Hilang: Menelaah Hak Yang Sirna Terhadap Narapidana, Muhammad Abdul Azis, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, Nur Rahman

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Prisons have a reputation for being cages of deprivation of freedom and atonement for wrongdoing. Prisoners lose their independence because prisons restrict their movement, including their sexual needs, which is like the "missing piece of the puzzle." The discussion in this article tries to explore the missing piece of prisoners' rights, examine, and analyze the impact of the Conjugal Visit program for prisoners in Indonesia, to bring new light to the realization of human rights in the prison system aimed at legal protection and fulfillment of human rights. This article uses normative legal methods. Systematic legal comparison is used to …

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Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden Dalam Struktur Ketatanegaraan Indonesia, Brilliant Bintang Prasetya, Ryan Muthiara Wasti

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

The existence of the Presidential Advisory Council is inseparable from the history of state administration with the political phenomenon of law. Various ideas of pros and cons questioned the position and authority of the country's advisory institutions. The institution which at the beginning of its formation was named the Supreme Advisory Council then turned into a Presidential Advisory Council under the executive rule after the amendment to the 1945 Constitution. The shift raises the peculiarities of the position of advisors not under the authority given by advice. Reflecting on the discourse, this paper reviews how the position and extent of …

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Database Floklore Dalam Undang-Undang Tentang Hak Cipta Dan Undang-Undang Tentang Pemajuan Kebudayaan, Lora Sinta Sulistiorini

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Law 28/2014 on Copyright and Law 5/2017 on Cultural Promotion have a major role in regulating and protecting floklore. This can be seen from the norms that regulate the mechanism for protecting floklore in Article 38 paragraph (2) of the Copyright Law, which states that the state is obliged to make an inventory, maintain, and maintain traditional cultural expressions.law a quo also regulates the procedures for recording as contained in Articles 66-72. Not only that, the Law for the Advancement of Culture also regulates the floklore database through Articles 16-26 of a quo. The two laws then raise the question, …

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Full-Text Articles in Comparative and Foreign Law

Masthead & Table Of Contents

Dalhousie Law Journal

Anonymous Hacktivism: Flying The Flag Of Feminist Ethics For The Ukraine It Army, Ellen Cornelius

Homeland Security Publications

Confronting State Violence: Lessons From India's Farmer Protests, Smita Narula

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Uncovering Lies With Family Ties: The Use And Legal Implications Of Investigative Genetic Genealogy In The United States And United Kingdom, Rebecca James

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

All Is Fair In Love And War: But What About War Trials?, Bronwyn Tuff

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

Masthead - Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review, Vol. 6 (2022-23)

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Lives In The Balance: Targeting And Civilian Comparative Value, Christopher F. Melling

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Segmented Innovation In The Legalization Of Mitochondrial Transfer: Lessons From Australia And The United Kingdom, Myrisha S. Lewis

Faculty Publications

The Corporate Forum, Sergio Alberto Gramitto Ricci, Christina M. Sautter

Faculty Works

Table Of Contents - Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review, Vol. 6, Iss. 1

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The Debate Surrounding The Company Purpose In The Post-Pandemic Age, Leon Anidjar

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The Law And Finance Of Infrastructure Investment, Daisuke Asaoka

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Natural Resource Governance In Qing China: Lineage Institutions And The Making Of Common Property Regimes, Jason Jia-Xi Wu

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Sanctions, Financial Regulation, And Crypto In Latin America, Camilla Oliva

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Prohibiting Slavery & The Slave Trade, Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum

Articles

A Comparative Look At The Response To Organized Crime In The Ports Of New York-New Jersey And Vancouver, Julia Pjevach

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Solitary Confinement: What The United States Can Learn From England And Norway, Markus Wieshofer

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Legal Perspectives On The Streaming Industry: The United States, Irene Calboli

Faculty Scholarship

Fighting In The Fields: The Weaponization Of Agriculture & Its Legal Significance, Shelby Lepley

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

The Rise Of Fast Fashion And The Lack Of Protections In The Garment Worker Industry, Sydney Smalling

The International Law Review Association Student Forum

Rechtsstrukturvergleichung, Corinna Coupette, Dirk Hartung

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Monarchical Constitutional Guardianship And Legal Metissage In Asia, De Maartje Visser, Andrew. Harding

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Pengaturan Pembatasan Penggunaan Data Nasabah Bank Untuk Mencegah Penggelapan Dana Nasabah Di Bank, Nathasya Nauli Nainggolan, Rouli Anita Velentina

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Pembaruan Pemahaman Bahasa Hukum Indonesia Dalam Penafsiran Konstitusi Untuk Jaminan Kepastian Hukum, Normand Edwin Elnizar

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Deregulasi Terhadap Paradoks Vaksin Covid-19 Sebagai Barang Publik Dan Vaksin Berbayar Dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 19 Tahun 2021, Fikri Ahsan

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Ultimum Remedium Terhadap Keterlibatan Notaris Dalam Perbuatan Melawan Hukum, Halwa Fairuzia, Rouli Anita Velentina

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Redistribusi Tanah Bekas Hak Erfpacht Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Pilot Project Of Agrarian Reform Guna Mewujudkan Sustainable Development Di Desa Galengdowo, Kabupaten Jombang, Fadila Fernanda, Adhitya Widya Kartika

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Keping Puzzle Yang Hilang: Menelaah Hak Yang Sirna Terhadap Narapidana, Muhammad Abdul Azis, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, Nur Rahman

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden Dalam Struktur Ketatanegaraan Indonesia, Brilliant Bintang Prasetya, Ryan Muthiara Wasti

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Database Floklore Dalam Undang-Undang Tentang Hak Cipta Dan Undang-Undang Tentang Pemajuan Kebudayaan, Lora Sinta Sulistiorini

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan