Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

Effects Of Japanese Financial Regulations And Keiretsu Style Groups On Japanese Corporate Governance, Ken Kobayashi

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Systems Of Preferential Tax Treatment In The Eu: A Case Study Of Apple, Inc., Constanza Ortiz

UC Law SF International Law Review

Transfer pricing allows corporations to shift profits from high-tax jurisdictions to low-tax jurisdictions. When employed by multinational corporations, which produce up to 70% of the wordl’s trade, many can shelter billions of dollars in tax havens. This paper explores how this is possible by analyzing the ise of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Tools in Ireland.

Toolkit Or Tinderbox? When Legal Systems Interface Conflict, Christie S. Warren

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Eu-China Fta: Enhanced Enforcement And Umbrella Coverage Of Anticorruption, Ron Brown

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Should The Proud Dragon Repent? A Relative Theory For China’S State Capitalist Banking Sector Based On East Asia’S Experience, Yueh-Ping (Alex) Yang

UC Law SF International Law Review

Amidst the U.S.-China trade war, China’s banking sector, the backbone of China’s economy, plays a key role in this battle. China’s banking sector, however, poses a puzzle to contemporary studies of state-owned banks (“SBs”). According to the property right theory, the mainstream SB theory, SBs are negative for the financial and economic development of an economy because it is susceptible to more serious agency problems, excessive political intervention, and conflict of interest between state regulators and state owners. That said, the economic success of China, whose banks are mostly owned and controlled by the Chinese party-state supports the development theory, …

California And The European Union Take The Lead In Data Protection, Dyann Heward-Mills, Helga Turku

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Cultural Ip Vs. Commercial Ip [Notes], J. Janewa Osei-Tutu

Articles

No abstract provided.

Policing The Wombs Of The World's Women: The Mexico City Policy, Samantha Lalisan

Indiana Law Journal

This Comment argues that the Policy should be repealed because it undermines

firmly held First Amendment values and would be considered unconstitutional if

applied to domestic nongovernmental organizations (DNGOs). It proceeds in four

parts. Part I describes the inception of the Policy and contextualizes it among other

antiabortion policies that resulted as a backlash to the U.S. Supreme Court’s

landmark decision in Roe v. Wade. Part II explains the Policy’s actual effect on

FNGOs, particularly focusing on organizations based in Nepal and Peru, and argues

that the Policy undermines democratic processes abroad and fails to achieve its stated

objective: reducing …

Complicity In The Perversion Of Justice: The Role Of Lawyers In Eroding The Rule Of Law In The Third Reich, Cynthia Fountaine

St. Mary's Journal on Legal Malpractice & Ethics

A fundamental tenet of the legal profession is that lawyers and judges are uniquely responsible—individually and collectively—for protecting the Rule of Law. This Article considers the failings of the legal profession in living up to that responsibility during Germany’s Third Reich. The incremental steps used by the Nazis to gain control of the German legal system—beginning as early as 1920 when the Nazi Party adopted a party platform that included a plan for a new legal system—turned the legal system on its head and destroyed the Rule of Law. By failing to uphold the integrity and independence of the profession, …

See This Empty Cage Now Corrode: The International Human Rights And Comparative Law Implications Of Sexually Violent Predator Laws, Michael L. Perlin, Heather Ellis Cucolo

Articles & Chapters

From every perspective, our sexually violent predator (SVPA) laws are a miserable failure. In this paper, we present a new approach: a turn to international human rights law as a source of rights for the population in question, and a consideration of the matter from the perspective of comparative law.

To briefly summarize, many nations have enacted laws that both mirror and contradict early developments in United States civil commitment jurisprudence. In these nations, though, challenges to community containment and preventive detention laws have been more successful when based upon international human rights law. Also, registry notification is generally far …

Soft Launch Of The Asian Principles For The Recognition And Enforcement Of Foreign Judgments, Adeline Chong

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In January 2018, we reported on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Asia, a publication by the Asian Business Law Institute (ABLI).

Mempertanyakan Pancasila Sebagai Grundnorm: Suatu Refleksi Kritis Dalam Perspektif Fondasionalisme, E. Fernando M. Manullang

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Legal scholars in Indonesia discuss whether Pancasila is grundnorm or not. Grundnorm according to Hans Kelsen is the basis for validity of legal norms. Kelsen is therefore considered a foundational scholar according to Luc J. Wintgens. Meanwhile, in the view of foundationalism, certain foundation can be accepted if such foundation becomes belief. Thus, saying that Pancasila is basic norm or not, in the view of foundationalism shall answer whether Pancasila is a belief or not. Instead of continuing the debates whether Pancasila is a grundnorm or not, this article instead takes the pre-debates stands, namely reflecting critically the question Pancasila …

Saving The Marketplace From Market Failure: Reorienting Marketplace Theory In The Era Of Ai Communicators, Jared Schroeder

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Artificially Intelligent (AI) communicators represent a new type of actor within public discourse. These entities have played influential roles in recent elections in the U.S. and Europe. This Article examines expression rights for AI actors through the lenses provided by the foundational assumptions of the marketplace of ideas theory and existing free-expression-related rationales regarding non-human actors in the U.S. and European legal systems. The Article contends that the fundamental assumptions of the marketplace model must be revised to focus on the flow of information, the development of truth, rather than the more Enlightenment-oriented competition of ideas that leads to the …

Modernity And The Law: A Late Twentieth Century View, Robert P. Burns

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

This Article explores Roberto Unger’s understanding of the specific significance that modernity has for law. It provides an account of the distinctions among customary law, bureaucratic law, the modern liberal rule of law ideal, and the unraveling of the rule of law in postliberal societies. It compares his views with those of other major theorists of modernity and with legal theorists. Finally, it discusses his speculations about then future developments and the relationship between central institutional and philosophical issues.

A Second Chance On Earth: Understanding The Selection Process Of The Judges Of The Colombian Special Jurisdiction For Peace, Santiago Pardo Rodríguez

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

For over fifty years, Colombia has faced a bloody and cruel civil conflict. Some of the most conservative studies have estimated that the total death toll of the war may be 220,000. The weight of this number heavily lies on the civilian population. It is estimated that around 81% of those killed in the conflict are non-combatant civilians. This represents, according to the data collected by the government’s Center for National Memory, around 180,000 civilian victims. In other words, as a civilian, the probability of being a victim in the Colombian conflict was nine times higher than a military or …

Masthead

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Challenges To, And Manifesto For, Fact-Finding In A Time Of Disinformation, Agnés Callamard

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Liberal and democratic values are in jeopardy, as is the rules-based international system and the norms it embodies, both being subject to multiple attacks that, once taboo, now, quite to the contrary, are both claimed and carried out with pride. This Article assesses the current human rights environment from the perspective of a United Nations factfinder. The impact of technological advancement on the human rights framework and the process of evidence-gathering is discussed, particularly regarding the spread of misinformation. The Article concludes with a manifesto for fact-finding as a pathway to knowledge and justice.

The Rise Of Hybrid Warfare, Waseem Ahmad Qureshi

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

In the twenty-first century, wars are not declared or waged conventionally; instead, conflicts are instigated by clandestine agents using cyber tools, information operations, NGOs, nonstate actors, economic tools, propaganda, ambiguity, terrorism, and insurgency or rebel movements. In hybrid warfare, the lines between peacetime and wartime and between combatants and civilians are blurred. Further, systemic aggression is imposed on a targeted state using gray zones, nonlinear warfare, unrestricted warfare, unconventional warfare, and color revolutions to avoid attribution and possible retribution for the aggression. Hybrid warfare employs a wide array of power tools, ranging from political, economic, military, and civil to informational. …

Legal System Network Effects And Global Legal Development, David C. Donald

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Law originates in local environments, yet can be transmitted globally or over time to new contexts and foreign or future users. At its origin, law arises in response to social needs, but once formalized it takes on a semantic life of its own in a network of users. A rule created in response to a random New York plaintiff could—with sufficient popularity—end up as the standard norm applied globally, regardless of its underlying suitability for specific local needs.

To better understand the consequence of these legal system network effects on global legal development, this Article applies Klausner’s network theory of …

Letter From The Editor, Brad A. Rocheville

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

International "Constitutions" And Comparative Constitutional Law, Michael Da Silva

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Many legal scholars and jurists see a particular document or a collection of documents as a means of constitutionalizing international law. The Charter of the United Nations is a prime example. Based on this, comparisons are made between international law and domestic constitutional orders, and these comparisons are sometimes used to decide cases. However, there is reason to question whether the international legal order has enough features of domestic constitutional orders to justify judicial comparison between the international legal order and domestic constitutional orders. The ongoing constitutionalization process is unlikely to produce an international legal order with sufficiently similar features …

Putting The Fetus First — Legal Regulation, Motherhood, And Pregnancy, Emma Milne

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The fetus-first mentality advocates that pregnant women and women who could become pregnant should put the needs and well-being of their fetuses before their own. As this Article will illustrate, this popular public perception has pervaded criminal law, impacting responses to women deemed to be the “irresponsible” pregnant woman and so the “bad” mother. The Article considers cases from Alabama and Indiana in the United States and from England in the United Kingdom, providing clear evidence that concerns about the behavior of pregnant women now hang heavily over criminal justice responses to women who experience a negative pregnancy outcome or …

Introductory Note To United Nations Security Council Resolution 2498, Milena Sterio

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

On November 15, 2019, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 2498, which extended the mandate of the previously established Panel of Experts of Somalia by an additional year; the Resolution also expanded the scope of the Panel's inquiry by specifically tasking the Panel to investigate Al-Shabaab's revenue sources and illegal taxation schemes.

Cross-Border Data Flows, The Gdpr, And Data Governance, W. Gregory Voss

Washington International Law Journal

Today, cross-border data flows are an important component of international trade and an element of digital service models. However, they are impeded by restrictions on cross-border personal data transfers and data localization legislation. This Article focuses primarily on these complexities and on the impact of the new European Union (“EU”) legislation on personal data protection—the GDPR. First, this Article introduces its discussion of these flows by placing them in their economic and geopolitical setting, including a discussion of the results of a lack of international harmonization of law in the area. In this framework, rule overlap and rival standards are …

Discrimination And Privacy Concerns At The Intersection Of Healthcare And Big Data, James Koenderman

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Mass Torts: Dispute Resolution In France And The United States--The Vioxx And Mediator Cases Compared, Fred Einbinder Mr.

Washington International Law Journal

Dispute resolution in legal systems has largely been designed for handling issues between small groups of individuals or organizations. Obtaining legal redress for those injured by mass torts and using the law as a means to prevent future occurrences has presented challenges for the development of effective dispute resolution mechanisms to obtain relief for plaintiffs and deter future tortfeasors. A comparison of French and American mass tort law and practice offers a fertile field for useful comparative study given the significant differences in approach taken by each country’s legal system. These differences derive as much from history, politics, the attitudes …

A Keystroke Causes A Tornado: Applying Chaos Theory To International Cyber Warfare Law, Daniel Garrie, Masha Simonova

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

Cyber warfare today finds itself on the front page of the news daily. It is increasingly apparent that the cyber domain demands more guidance, with leaders opting for the deployment of cyber capabilities to bypass kinetic warfare norms. Proposed solutions abound, but none adequately address the specific features of cyber warfare that set it apart from traditional kinetic warfare. This Article argues that a new legal framework is necessary to properly address this problem, and such a doctrine should incorporate principles of chaos theory. Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics dealing with complex systems, with the most well-known example …

False Foods: Harmonizing The Eu And Us Organics Programs, Elizabeth G. Fudge

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

The growth of the importation and exportation of organic foods in recent years has led governments around the globe to take more aggressive approaches in overseeing and certifying such products. Currently, there is a discrepancy in how states certify and respond to non-compliance issues for imported organic products. This creates a strong need to harmonize organics programs, specifically between the EU and US programs, as they are the two largest consumers of organic products. Through auditing both the EU and US organic import programs, significant issues of non-compliance became exceedingly clear. This Note argues that the best solution for addressing …

Kosovo's Controversial 100 Percent Tariff: An Analysis Of Its Imposition And The Issues Bleeding Into The Conflict Between Kosovo And Serbia, Ernira Mehmetaj

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

On November 6, 2018, Kosovo imposed a 10 percent tariff on products imported from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Later that month, on November 28, 2018, after Kosovo was denied membership in the International Criminal Police Organization, Kosovo increased the custom tariffs on Serbian and Bosnian goods from 10 to 100 percent. These actions resulted in a standstill of the European Union–mandated Belgrade-Pristina dialogue—a dialogue seeking to normalize the relations between the two states. Having the tumultuous history shared by Kosovo and Serbia as a backdrop, this Note analyzes the international agreements Kosovo is party to, specifically the Central European …

Are Centralized Cryptocurrency Regulations The Answer? Three Countries; Three Different Directions, Rani Shulman

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

Virtual currencies have undoubtably been a topic of conversation and uncertainty for some time. Many countries have jumped ahead of the industry and regulated cryptocurrencies, while others have taken a back seat to see exactly how the market responds. This Note explores the history behind cryptocurrency and Blockchain and how governments worldwide have dealt with the growing concern regarding regulation of the often volatile and decentralized industry. By way of comparative analysis, this Note examines how China, Switzerland, and the United States have taken measures to either embrace or repudiate the industry, as well as how they have succeeded and …