Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

From Bali To Copenhagen: Indonesia's Position And Role In International Negotiation To Establish A Post-Kyoto Protocol Agreement On Climate Change, Syamsul Hadi

Indonesian Journal of International Law

In the light of upcoming end of the Kyoto Protocol in 2012, international society is in the urgent need to arrange a new international agreement to cope more with the issue that has been threatening both today and the future generation. In this context, Indonesia has attempted to contribute a positive role to seek international consensus on the climate change negotiations, including by becoming the host of Un Conference on Climate Change in Bali (2007), whoch resulted in the Bali Roadmap and Bali Action Plan, both of which has become important stepping stone for the Post-Kyoto Protocol international regime. However, …

Impact Of The Implementation Of Broder Crossing Area Agreement Between Indonesian And The Philippines At The Border Of Miangas Island Of North Celebes, Wulanmas A.P.G Frederik

Indonesian Journal of International Law

The existence of Border Crossing Area Agreement (BCA) in 1975 regulating the border agreement between Miangas Island of North Celebes and the Philippines created positive and negative impacts on border people in Miangas Island. The legal aspects, BCA is a legal regulation regulating the border crossing and commerce in that area; economic aspects; BCA has not accommodated border people’s interests maximally yet and it has a limiting impression rather than facilitating people’s interests, thus, illegal trades occur at the border of Miangas Island; social aspects, BCA is hard to implement in this area because it has limited the tradition practicing …

Stateless, Jay Milbrandt

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article argues that statelessness, affecting 12 million people globally, is a critical issue that international law inadequately addresses. It highlights the limitations of current legal frameworks and proposes a modern, technology-driven identification system to mitigate this crisis, drawing inspiration from historical solutions like the Nansen Passport.

The Manual Scavenging Problem: A Case For The Supreme Court Of India, Samuel D. Permutt

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The note addresses the persistent issue of manual scavenging in India, a practice where predominantly Dalit women and girls clean human waste under deplorable conditions. Despite legal prohibitions, the practice continues due to caste-based discrimination and inadequate sanitation infrastructure. The author argues that the Supreme Court of India, through Public Interest Litigation (PIL), can effectively tackle this issue by implementing a three-step solution to eradicate manual scavenging.

Cross-Border Contributory Patent Infringement In Germany, Heinz Goddar

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

This Article examines recent German court decisions analyzing Section 10 of the German Patent Act (“PatG”), which governs cases of contributory patent infringement, focusing in particular on the implications of recent decisions on potential cross-border infringement. The Article offers recommendations on how judicial scrutiny of contributory infringement in Germany may be streamlined in light of potential evidentiary problems and concludes with a case study of how German courts might analyze a situation like that faced by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in AT&T v. Microsoft.

Copyright Infringement Liability Of Placeshifting Services In The United States And Japan, Naoya Isoda

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

Placeshifting is a convenient service that enables customers to enjoy television programs from their home countries even if they are in foreign countries. Placeshifting works by receiving/recording a television program in one country and then transmitting the digital data to customers everywhere in the world via the Internet upon each customer’s request. Because placeshifting may be involved with recording and/or transmitting copyrighted content, service providers must face the question whether they may be liable for copyright infringement. In the United States, the Second Circuit in Cartoon Network v. CSC Holdings decided the legality of placeshifting by requiring a “volition element” …

The Limits Of Global Judicial Dialogue, David S. Law, Wen-Chen Chang

Washington Law Review

The notion that “global judicial dialogue” is contributing to the globalization of constitutional law has attracted considerable attention. Various scholars have characterized the citation of foreign law by constitutional courts as a form of “dialogue” that both reflects and fosters the emergence of a common global enterprise of constitutional adjudication. It has also been claimed that increasing direct interaction between judges, face-to-face or otherwise, fuels the growth of a global constitutional jurisprudence. This Article challenges these claims on empirical grounds and offers an alternative account of the actual reasons for which constitutional courts engage in comparative analysis. First, it is …

Trade Liberalization And Obstacles To Food Security: Toward A Sustainable Food Sovereignty, Peter Halewood

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Introduction: Lessons Learned From Indonesia, Latin America, And The United States, Douglas West

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Introduction: Politicizing The Everyday, Nicholas Espíritu

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Property Rights In Land, Agricultural Capitalism, And The Relative Decline Of Pre-Industrial China, Taisu Zhang

San Diego International Law Journal

Scholars have long debated how legal institutions influenced the economic development of societies and civilizations. This Article sheds new light on this debate by reexamining, from a legal perspective, a crucial segment of the eighteenth and nineteenth century economic divergence between England and China: By 1700, English agriculture had become predominantly capitalist, reliant on managerial farms worked chiefly by hired labor. On the other hand, Chinese agriculture counterproductively remained household-based throughout the Qing and Republican eras. The explanation for this key agricultural divergence, which created multiple advantages for English proto-industry, lies in differences between Chinese and English property right regimes, …

Untangling The Web: Exploring Internet Regulation Schemes In Western Democracies, Renee Keen

San Diego International Law Journal

This Comment investigates past censorship schemes proposed and implemented by selected democratic administrations, in order to develop an improved framework and accompanying infrastructure that may accomplish the goals that these policies envisioned, but failed to achieve. The difficulty of this undertaking is in developing the intermediate and legally defensible parameters under which a regulation scheme can endure and gain support in a democratic society. The greater difficulty lies in developing a system that can accomplish these objectives in the burgeoning and ever-changing cyber realm. The challenges posed by Internet activity are novel ones, and the legitimacy of the actions taken …

Retrying The Acquitted In England Part Iii: Prosecution Appeals Against Judges' Rulings Of "No Case To Answer", David S. Rudstein

San Diego International Law Journal

The Order in Council permitting the prosecution appeal of "Mo" Courtney's acquittal and allowing him to be retried for the same offense of which he had previously been acquitted stems from the Criminal Justice Act 2003. That Act, which applies in England and Wales, grants the government the right to appeal certain rulings by the trial judge in criminal prosecutions on an indictment, including a ruling that there is no case to answer, i.e., a directed verdict of acquittal, and if the appeal is successful, allows the reviewing court to order that the acquitted defendant?s trial be resumed or that …

Commercial High Technology Innovations Face Uncertain Future Amid Emerging "Brics" Compulsory Licensing And It Interoperability Frameworks, Lawrence A. Kogan

San Diego International Law Journal

The pathways that lead to the success of cutting-edge technologies are often fraught with risk, difficulty, and uncertainty. These issues are particularly prevalent under a regime involving lengthy time horizons for competent research, development, and commercialization, which may require regulatory approvals. These challenges are known to be endemic to capital-intensive technology development which requires significant follow-on funding, particularly in highly regulated industries such as life sciences (e.g., pharmaceuticals/biotechnology and electronic medical devices ) and clean technology (which may be subdivided into clean or renewable energy generation and clean or renewable energy efficiency technologies and services, the former having more direct …

Introduction: The Global Politics Of Food, Carmen G. González

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Global Politics Of Food: A Critical Overview, Nancy Ehrenreich, Beth Lyon

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Fame Law: Requiring Proof Of National Fame In Trademark Law, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

Cardozo Law Review

The public has always been infatuated with fame. Trademark law likewise has a long history of infatuation with fame. Protecting the fame embodied in a trademark against dilutive use by others has not been easy. The difficulty stems from the wording of the statute and judicial failure to understand the "fame" requirement. The fundamental question centers on what level of fame is required for the property-like protection against subsequent uses that dilute the famous trademark. This Article argues for national fame to be the requisite requirement for property-like anti-dilution protection under trademark law. The Article recommends that the proof of …

The Wilderness Myth: How The Failure Of The American National Park Model Threatens The Survival Of The Iyaelima Tribe And The Bonobo Chimpanzee, Mark Hopson

Environmental and Earth Law Journal (EELJ)

The Wilderness Myth

Abstract by Mark Hopson

Contrary to popular opinion, and the vast majority of legal scholarship on the subject, the traditional American model for a national park is scientifically and logically unsound. Further, this model has been adopted at a terrible social cost to the indigenous tribes who lived on the land that became national parks. Every government that has chosen to implement the American national park model has done so at the expense of indigenous people.

This article chronicles the creation of the world’s first national parks, Yosemite and Yellowstone, and the legal battles involved. The article …

Global Laws, Local Lives: Impact Of The New Regionalism On Human Rights Compliance, Stephen Joseph Powell, Patricia Camino Pérez

Buffalo Human Rights Law Review

No abstract provided.

Religious Freedom And Its Legal Restrictions In China, Zhang Qianfan, Zhu Yingping

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Employee Free Choice: Amplifying Employee Voice Without Silencing Employers - A Proposal For Reforming The National Labor Relations Act, Amy Livingston

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

This Note investigates the effectiveness of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) in balancing unions, employers', and employees' rights during the course of union organizing drives. After reviewing case law and commentary, it concludes that the NLRA's certification regime is ineffective and permits pressures that inhibit employees from expressing their real desires about whether or not to be represented by a union. This Note then examines proposed alternatives for certifying unions, and takes note of Canada's federal and ten provincial certification regimes. Finally, it concludes that the NLRA must be amended to protect worker free choice, and proposes reforms including …

Litigating Against An Epidemic: Hiv/Aids And The Promise Of Socioeconomic Rights In South Africa, Nathaniel Bruhn

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

With one of the highest incidence rates in the world, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has taken a large toll on South Africa. Despite medical advances that have made the disease more manageable, many South Africans still do not have access to the medicines needed to control the disease. At the same time, the Constitution of South Africa grants individuals far-reaching socioeconomic rights, including the right to access health care. This Comment explores the intersection of the socioeconomic rights and the HIV/AIDS crisis. Although the Constitutional Court has developed a deferential approach to enforcing socioeconomic rights, substantial room remains to litigate on …

The Background And Contents Of The Proposed South African Charter Of Religious Rights And Freedoms, Rassie Malherbe

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Law And Religion In Colombia: Legal Recognition Of Religious Entities, Vicente Prieto

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Freedom Of Expression And Religious Sensitivities In Pluralist Societies: Facing The Challenge Of Extreme Speech, Jeroen Temperman

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Coalition And Hegemony: Religion's Role In The Progress Of Modernization In Reformed China, Zeng Chuanhui

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Keeping It Legal: Transboundary Management Challenges Facing Brazil And The Guarani, David N. Cassuto

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This paper examines the legal and ecological problems facing the Guarani Aquifer System. Because the majority of the Guarani Aquifer System underlies Brazil, the Brazilian legal regime forms the paper’s principal focus. The importance of the region makes the need for accurate information crucial. Yet relying on such information to manage a complex resource presents risks. Too often, the role of uncertainty in regulating is underplayed. Increasing knowledge over the resource demands categorizing “hard” and “soft” uncertainties, especially those presented by climate change. In addition, regulators must acknowledge the unitary nature of the aquifer while remaining sensitive to differing national …

Failure Of The Current Anti-Corruption Strategy In Afghanistan, Hugh Barrett Mcclean

All Faculty Scholarship

Corruption has come to the forefront in Afghanistan as the United States tries to balance efforts to back anti-corruption strategies while maintaining a positive relationship with the Karzai government. Stalled corruption cases suggest corruption in Afghanistan is systemic and not limited to a particular governing body or official. It is clear that corruption exists in both the upper and lower echelons of Afghan society, and will continue to exist until the U.S.-backed anti-corruption teams are accepted by the Afghan government. The strengthening of key institutions continues to be the recommended international model. As demonstrated in the United States, the integration …

Constitutional Reforms And Constitutionalism In Africa: Reflections On Some Current Challenges And Future Prospects, Charles Manga Fombad

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Is Us Military Intervention Effective In Promoting Democratic Practices In Latin American Governments?, Mindi Jones

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The United States is an influential superpower with military, political and economic prominence throughout the world. Since the Spanish American War of 1898, the US has been the hegemonic power in the western hemisphere. Because of its strong influence, US military involvement in other countries is highly scrutinized both internationally and domestically.