Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

Implementing The Oslo Accords, Edward Bennett Miller

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article argues that a stable and lasting peace between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA) cannot be achieved without a shared commitment to fundamental values such as freedom, democracy, and the rule of law. It critiques the current peace process for neglecting these principles and instead prioritizing economic growth and political expediency. The analysis emphasizes that the PA's failure to establish a functioning judiciary, its disregard for human rights, and its authoritarian governance undermine the prospects for long-term stability and peace in the region. The article advocates for a new approach to the peace process that prioritizes democratization and …

Cabining Freedom: A Comparative Study Of Lesbian And Gay Rights In The United States And Canada, Credence Fogo

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article examines the divergent approaches of Canada and the United States in addressing gay and lesbian equality, highlighting how their differing legal frameworks and cultural values shape the protection of rights. While Canada, under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and its Section 1 balancing test, has expanded relationship rights for sexual minorities, the U.S. has taken a more fragmented approach, emphasizing individual liberties over social rights. The analysis underscores the tension between Canada's communitarianism and the U.S.'s individualistic legal culture in advancing LGBTQ+ rights.

Notes On Constitutionalism For A 21st-Century Russian President, Dana Dallas Atchison

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

Are short-term political interests compromising prospects for a constitutional society in Russia? In Part I, this paper first considers the elements that contribute to constitutionalism. These include a constitution, democracy, public participation, the rule of law, an open society, a history of constitutionalism, public support for a constitutional order, importance of the individual, and an independent judiciary. Part II analyzes these themes against provisions in Russia's new Constitution and concludes that many articles have been compromised by Boris Yeltsin's personal political interests.

Part III appraises practical considerations that impact constitutional elements such as the public's expectations and concerns. Part III …

Outsider Trading On Confidential Information - A Breach In Search Of A Duty, Roberta S. Karmel

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitution-Making, Identity Building, And Peaceful Transition To Democracy: Theoretical Reflections Inspired By The Spanish Example, Michel Rosenfeld

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Controlling Corporate Agency Costs: A United States-Israeli Comparative View, Zohar Goshen

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article examines the differing approaches to addressing corporate agency costs in the United States and Israel, highlighting how each country's legal frameworks and market mechanisms respond to distinct agency problems. In the U.S., the "management problem" arises from the separation of ownership and control, whereas Israel faces the "control problem" due to the concentration of ownership. The analysis underscores how the prevalence of these issues influences the adoption of voluntary vs. mandatory solutions.

Being Female Can Be Fatal: An Examination Of India's Ban On Pre-Natal Gender Testing, Andrea Krugman

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The note examines India's 1996 Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, which aims to address the severe gender imbalance caused by prenatal sex selection and female feticide. Despite the Act's intentions, its effectiveness is hindered by deep-rooted cultural preferences for male children, economic pressures, and insufficient enforcement mechanisms. The analysis highlights the need for broader societal changes, including education and economic empowerment for women, to effectively combat gender discrimination.

Literary Formalism, Legal Formalism, Jeffrey Malkan

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Judge's Dilemma: Duty Or Conscience?, Robert W. Sweet

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Market For Loyalties And The Uses Of Comparative Media Law, Monroe E. Price

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article posits that media regulation is a tool used by governments to maintain power structures through the control of the "market for loyalties." This concept suggests that laws are employed to manage information and cultural narratives, ensuring that those in power retain their influence by shaping public allegiance. The author illustrates this through examples from various countries, demonstrating how each nation tailors its media laws to fit its unique political and cultural contexts.

History Of Indian Broadcasting Reform, Sevanti Ninan

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article explores the historical evolution of broadcasting reform in India, highlighting the tension between state control and the constitutional guarantee of freedom of speech under Article 19. It traces the development from colonial-era laws like the Indian Telegraph Act of 1885 to modern legislative and judicial efforts to balance public interest, cultural preservation, and technological advancements. The analysis underscores the recurring themes of autonomy for state media, competition from private and foreign broadcasters, and the need for regulatory frameworks to address these challenges.

Introduction, Monroe E. Price, Stefaan G. Verhulst

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The idea for this book came from the important and interesting debate in India during 1997 on the nature of an appropriate media law for the future of its society. The operative law primarily had been the 1895 Indian Telegraph Act and, both as a matter of a felt need for modem regulation and as a symbol of India's status as a modem democracy, the courts, the Government, the media sector, and the Parliament were all persuaded of the need for change.

The Board Of Directors And Internal Control, Melvin A. Eisenberg

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Cultural Chauvinism In Comparative Law, John H. Langbein

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article critiques the use of cultural stereotypes to dismiss the potential of adopting superior legal procedures from other countries, specifically targeting Oscar Chase's argument that American cultural traits prevent the adoption of German civil procedure reforms. It argues that such cultural chauvinism obscures the inefficiencies and injustices in the American adversary system and that procedural improvements from comparative law should not be dismissed based on cultural differences.

Family Law Of The Two Chinas: A Comparative Look At The Rights Of Married Women In The People's Republic Of China And The Republic Of China, Janice A. Lee

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The note examines the rights of married women in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan, highlighting how traditional Confucian values continue to influence family law and practice despite legal reforms aimed at promoting gender equality. It argues that while both countries have enacted progressive laws, societal attitudes and enforcement mechanisms often undermine these legal advancements, perpetuating women's subordinate status.

Finding The Truth In An American Criminal Trial: Some Observations, Frank J. Macchiarola

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article critiques the American adversarial criminal trial system, arguing that its focus on procedure and individual rights often hinders the pursuit of truth. While the system is deeply rooted in American cultural values, such as distrust of government and a commitment to individual liberties, its emphasis on adversarial contest rather than truth-seeking leads to inefficiencies and public dissatisfaction. The author highlights the tension between the system's theoretical commitment to justice and its practical limitations, particularly as illustrated by high-profile cases like the O.J. Simpson trial.

America Tries To Come To Terms With Terrorism: The United States Anti-Terrorism And Effective Death Penalty Act Of 1996 V. British Anti-Terrorism Law And International Response, Roberta Smith

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The note examines the legal and policy responses to terrorism, focusing on the tension between combating terrorism effectively and safeguarding civil liberties. It critiques the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA) and comparable international measures, arguing that while these laws aim to address the growing threat of terrorism, they risk infringing on constitutional rights and international cooperation. The analysis highlights the challenges of balancing security concerns with democratic values and the need for coordinated global strategies to counter terrorism.

Legal Processes And National Culture, Oscar G. Chase

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article examines the relationship between national culture and legal processes, arguing that cultural differences significantly impact the feasibility of adopting foreign legal procedures. It focuses on the suggestion to adopt German civil litigation rules in the U.S., asserting that cultural barriers, particularly regarding authority and individualism, make such adoption problematic. The author contends that understanding these cultural dimensions is crucial for evaluating legal reforms.

Playing The Culture Card In Resisting Cross-Jurisdictional Transplants: A Comment On "Legal Processes And National Culture", John D. Jackson

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article critiques Oscar Chase's argument that cultural differences between nations, particularly Germany and the United States, pose formidable barriers to transplanting legal procedures from one jurisdiction to another. While acknowledging the importance of culture in shaping legal institutions, the analysis suggests that the influence of national culture on legal processes is more nuanced and less deterministic than Chase implies. It argues that legal systems are capable of change and adaptation, and that globalization and convergence of legal traditions may mitigate the predicted cultural misfit.

Undue Influence And Gender Stereotypes: Legal Doctrine Or Indoctrination?, Veena K. Murthy

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The note argues that the undue influence doctrine in will contests disproportionately affects female testators, reflecting and reinforcing gender stereotypes. Courts are more likely to invalidate wills of female testators, undermining their testamentary freedom, while male testators are often treated as autonomous decision-makers. This disparity stems from societal gender norms that portray women as vulnerable and men as independent.

The Decline Of The Western Nation State And The Rise Of The Regime Of International Federalism, John O. Mcginnis

Cardozo Law Review

The nation state is in decline, at least among the Western industrialized nations. Decline is a relative term. It does not suggest that the nation state has disappeared, but rather, that it is no longer as defining a feature of geopolitics as it once was, and will likely remain a less controlling feature. In the West, the era of the nation state was characterized by entities that approximated, even if they never attained, absolute control over their territory. First, the nation state had substantial control over economic affairs within its borders. While the world has always been to some extent …

The Persistent Nation State And The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, Mark L. Movsesian

Cardozo Law Review

One hears a great deal these days about the decline of the nation state. The concept of a sovereign country whose inhabitants share a common ancestry or culture is said to be obsolescent, if not already obsolete. Several factors, apparently, are responsible: the creation of supranational institutions like the European Union and the World Trade Organization; the growing influence of nongovernmental organizations; the emergence of a new global economy; and the formation of a worldwide consumer culture, to name just a few. The law, it is argued, must adapt.

Federalism And Liberalism, Mark Tushnet

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article explores the role of federalism within the context of John Rawls' political liberalism, arguing that while federal systems are inherently unstable and tend toward centralization, certain institutional designs and a formalist legal culture can slow this drift. Federalism is particularly suited to societies with reinforcing pluralist differences, offering a framework that allows diverse groups to coexist while maintaining stability.

The German Duality Of State And Society, David Abraham

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article argues that the United States should consider supplementing its property-based negative rights regime with citizenship-based positive rights, drawing on the German constitutional model. It contends that negative rights, which focus on freedom from state interference, are insufficient in addressing systemic inequality and fostering meaningful participation in a democratic society. In contrast, Germany's constitutional framework, rooted in a communitarian ethos, emphasizes positive rights and duties, ensuring that rights are not only protected but also effectively realized through state action. This approach, the article suggests, offers a more equitable and inclusive vision of rights and citizenship.

Introduction, Belinda Cooper

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article explores the emergence and gradual integration of feminist jurisprudence in Germany, highlighting the challenges and opportunities faced by women in law as feminist ideas begin to influence legal academia and practice. It traces the development of feminist legal scholarship in Germany, starting from its early stages in the 1980s to the establishment of institutionalized feminist jurisprudence at Humboldt University. The article introduces a collection of writings that examine key legal issues affecting women in Germany, emphasizing the interplay between German and European Community law, as well as the cultural and historical contexts that shape legal discourse.

Prostitution And The Law In Germany, Margarete Von Galen

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the legal and social contradictions surrounding prostitution in Germany, highlighting how, despite its legal status, the practice is subject to discriminatory laws and regulations that create a hypocritical gap between legal frameworks and real-world enforcement. The author argues that while prostitution is legal, the surrounding legal provisions often criminalize related activities, leading to inconsistent enforcement and continued marginalization of sex workers.

Civil Defamation Law And The Press In Russia: Private And Public Interests, The 1995 Civil Code, And The Constitution, Part Two, Peter Krug

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Equal Rights-Compatibility Of Family And Career-Legal Comparison: East Germany (Gdr) And Federal Republic Of Germany Today, Anita Grandke

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the evolution of gender equality in East Germany from the post-WWII era through the 1990 unification with West Germany, highlighting how East Germany's progressive laws promoting women's rights were rolled back after unification, leading to significant setbacks for women in employment, family life, and legal protections.

The Economic And Political Logic Of Mass Privatization In Czechoslovakia And Poland, George Bogdan

Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law

The article examines the mass privatization programs implemented in Czechoslovakia (later the Czech Republic) and Poland during their transitions from communism to democracy and capitalism. It compares the design, implementation, and outcomes of these programs, highlighting the economic and political factors that shaped their approaches. The analysis focuses on how the unique historical, economic, and political contexts of each country influenced their privatization strategies and the effectiveness of these strategies in achieving marketization and institutional reform.

Crafting A Corporate Code From Scratch, Uriel Procaccia

Cardozo Law Review

In the summer of 1982 1 was contacted by the incumbent Minister of Justice of the State of Israel, Mr. Moshe Nissim. Nissim asked me to accept the commission of drafting a brand new and fully cohesive corporate code to replace our current, antiquated Companies Ordinance. I consented at once. Having consented, it occurred to me to reflect on the meaning of that little word, "cohesive," which was used-quite inadvertently, I presume-in Minister Nissim's solicitation. I finally came to interpret it as a sort of puzzle, or perhaps a quiz, which the resulting product, the corporate code, was crafted to …