Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

Required Joinder Of Claims, Dieter L. Hoegen

Michigan Law Review

In review we can say that within a comparatively broad field of the American law required joinder of claims is the rule. There are some exceptions. The German law has no rule of compulsory joinder of claims. Here, there are some exceptions, too. In this sense and within a field which is marked out by the American rule and the German exceptions, the relationship of rule and exceptions is reversed in the two systems.

Required Joinder Of Claims, Dieter L. Hoegen

Michigan Law Review

This comparative study is confined to the situation of one claimant against one claimee. The principles which will be considered seem to be rather well settled both in the American and the German law. The fact, however, that besides many a common result we shall find fundamental differences in the pertinent basic concepts of the American and German systems makes the discussion worthwhile. It may, at least, promote a reconsideration of the propriety of those concepts.

Judicial Review In Europe, Gottfried Dietze

Michigan Law Review

The years following the Second World War witnessed a wave of constitution making in Europe. In East and West alike, popular government was instituted through new basic laws. But whereas the constitutions of Eastern Europe established a Rousseauistic form. of democracy through the creation of an omnipotent legislature, those of the West, while reflecting a belief in parliamentary government, to a larger or smaller degree limited the power of the legislature through the introduction of judicial review. This acceptance of judicial review can be attributed mainly to two factors. It sprung from a distrust of a parliamentarism under which, during …

International Law And The United Nations, University Of Michigan Law School

Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law

In June, 1955, the University of Michigan Law School held a six-day Summer Institute dealing with problems of international law and of the United Nations. This was the eighth in the series of annual Summer Institutes dealing with important problems in areas of public concern, often with particular emphasis upon the comparative or international law aspects involved. The 1955 Institute came at the time of the tenth anniversary of the signing of the United Nations Charter on June 26, 1945, and approximately a decade after the termination of hostilities in World War II. The growth of the United Nations during …

Foreign Personal Representatives, Banks Mcdowell Jr.

Michigan Legal Studies Series

In dealing with the legal rules affecting foreign personal representatives, the author of the present monograph is to be commended for the lucid analysis in the following pages of the principal questions that an executor or administrator appointed in one state will encounter in the administration of a single estate on a multi-jurisdictional basis: his right to sue and liability to suit in other states, the effects of his extra-legal action outside the state of his appointment, and the possibilities of reforming existing laws so as to make feasible a system of single administration of decedents' estates. This analysis is …

Schwartz: The Code Napoleon And The Common Law World, J. G. Castel

Michigan Law Review

A Review of The Code Napoleon and the Common Law World. Edited by Bernard Schwartz.

Comparative Legal Research, Some Remarks On "Looking Out Of The Cave", Hessel E. Yntema

Michigan Law Review

Despite this risk and without limiting discussion of comparative legal research to a Platonic theory of knowledge-to which I for one would not accede-the text prompts first the inquiry, unavoidable in a constructive discussion of the matter, whether contemporary legal study in the United States is concerned with shadows in an intellectual cave-or in other words, whether it is true, as I was told years ago, partly perhaps in jest, by a late distinguished member of the Supreme Court, then Attorney General, when, encountering me on a visit to the Department of Justice, he kindly asked what I was looking …

Lawson: A Common Lawyer Looks At The Civil Law, F. S. C. Northrop

Michigan Law Review

A Review of A Common Lawyer Looks at the Civil Law. By F. H. Lawson.

Workshops On Legal Problems Of Atomic Energy, University Of Michigan Law School

Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law

In 1952 the University of Michigan Law School, as a part of its summer session program, offered an Institute entitled "Industrial and Legal Problems of Atomic Energy. " The 1946 Atomic Energy Act, creating a virtually complete government monopoly, was then in effect, and private development of peaceful uses of atomic energy was for the most part merely a gleam in the eyes of a few forward-looking individuals. The 1952 Institute was devoted to the task of obtaining a preview of atomic affairs to come. The speakers on the program could do no more than look forward and speculate on …

Halle: Civilization And Foreign Policy, James W. Beatty S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Civilization and Foreign Policy . By Louis J. Halle.

Lectures On Communications Media Legal And Policy Problems, University Of Michigan Law School

Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law

Published under the auspices of the University of Michigan Law School (which, however, assumes no responsibility for the views expressed) with the aid of funds derived from gifts to the University of Michigan by William W. Cook

Conflict Of Laws - Penal Provisions In Foreign Law - Liability Of Shareholders In De Facto Corporation, James M. Potter S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Defendants, residents of Tennessee, while attempting to form a corporation under the laws of Arkansas, inadvertently failed to file the articles of incorporation with the county clerk, although they were filed with the Secretary of State of Arkansas. The resulting business association was an Arkansas de facto corporation. Under Arkansas law the shareholders of a de facto corporation are personally liable for the debts of the corporation. Plaintiff, a creditor who dealt with the corporation, sued in a Tennessee court and asked that the Arkansas rule be applied. The trial court refused to do so on the ground that it …

Lectures On Federal Antitrust Laws, University Of Michigan Law School

Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law

The papers delivered at the 1953 Institute deal chiefly with current problems and policy questions under three major federal antitrust laws - the Sherman Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act, and the Clayton Act, including the Robinson-Patman Amendment. These statutes affect the daily operations of all sizes and types of American business. Judicial interpretations and the administration and enforcement of these laws involve both legal and economic criteria and tests of competition and monopoly. The Institute provided a forum for authoritative analysis of these aspects in order to create a better understanding of the antitrust laws as one of the …

Skeie: Odelsretten Og Aseteretten, Nils B. Skavang

Michigan Law Review

A Review of ODELSRETTEN OG ASETERETTEN By Jon Skeie.

A Decade Of Administrative Law: 1942-1951, Bernard Schwartz

Michigan Law Review

The past ten years have been particularly momentous ones in the development of American administrative law. It is, indeed, not too much to say that there are few, if any, aspects of that field which have not witnessed important changes during that time. It is for this reason that an analysis of administrative law developments during the past decade should prove useful. However valuable an annual survey of the law may be, it suffers from the shortness of the period which it covers. An analysis of developments during a decade enables a broader perspective to be obtained.

It will be …

Comparative Negligence, William L. Prosser

Michigan Law Review

It is the purpose of this article to inquire, so far as possible, into the actual operation of the damage apportionment statutes, and to offer some conclusions as to the most desirable form of act for any legislature about to set forth upon these relatively uncharted seas.

The Cy Pres Doctrine And Changing Philosophies, Edith L. Fisch

Michigan Law Review

The cy pres doctrine arose so far back in antiquity that its origins are obscure. Apparently it was known and used in Roman law, for an application of the cy pres doctrine is reported in the Digest of Justinian. In the early part of the third century a city received a legacy bequeathed for the purpose of commemorating the memory of the donor by using the income of the legacy to hold yearly games. As such games were illegal at that time a problem arose concerning the disposition of the legacy. Modestinus, a well known jurist, found the solution.

Restraints On Alienation Of Legal Interests In Michigan Property: Ii, William F. Fratcher

Michigan Law Review

"Estate for life" is a generic term embracing interests in land of several types. The duration of such an estate may be measured by the life of the tenant himself, by the life of some other person, by the joint lives of a group of persons (i.e., the life of the member of the group who first dies), or by the life of the survivor of a group of persons. In the last two cases the tenant himself may or may not be a member of the group. When the duration of the estate is measured by the life of …

Lenin, Stuchka, Reisner, Pashukanis, Stalin, Vyshinsky, Yudin, Golunskii, Strogovich, And Trainin: Soviet Legal Philosophy, S. I. Shuman

Michigan Law Review

A Review of SOVIET LEGAL PHILOSOPHY. By V. I. Lenin, P. I. Stuchka, M. A. Reisner, E. B. Pashukanis, J. V. Stalin, A.Y. Vyshinsky, P. Yudin, S. A. Golunskii, M. S. Strogovich, and I. P. Trainin. Translated by H. H. Babb. Introduction by J. N. Hazard.

Restraints On Alienation Of Legal Interests In Michigan Property: I, William F. Fratcher

Michigan Law Review

During the century and a half which followed the Norman Conquest, the owner of land who attempted to transfer it might meet with opposition from three interested parties, his feudal overlord, his heir apparent and his tenant. His feudal overlord might object to a transfer by way of substitution, that is, one under the terms of which the transferor did not retain a reversion; because the proposed transferee was not a suitable person to perform the feudal services due for the land. As these services were frequently of a personal or military nature such an objection was not necessarily captious. …

Fifth Series Of Thomas M. Cooley Lectures, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

The fifth series of Thomas M. Cooley Lectures will be given on April 15, 16, and 17 at 4:15 p.m. in Room 120, Hutchins Hall, University of Michigan Law School. The lecturer will be Professor Hessel E. Yntema of the University of Michigan Law School faculty. He will speak on the general subject, "Perspectives in Conflicts Law."

Real Property-Notice-Recitals In Unrecorded Deeds In Chain Of Title, James S. Taylor

Michigan Law Review

The plaintiff, Eiring, owner of all rights in a tract of land, attempted to convey certain mineral rights to Earnest by deed. The alleged rights passed from Earnest by subsequent mesne conveyances to McMillan, and, on the death of McMillan, to the defendant as trustee. Eiring brought an action against the defendant in statutory trespass to try title to the land. In the deed from Eiring to Earnest blank spaces were left in the granting clause. Held, the blank spaces rendered the deed void, and the deficiency was not cured by reference to another indefinite deed. After holding this, …

Lectures On Atomic Energy Industrial And Legal Problems, University Of Michigan Law School

Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law

Since 1948 the University of Michigan Law School has, as a part of its program of public service, sponsored a series of Summer Institutes, intended to provide a medium for high-level discussions of important problems in areas of public concern. The Institutes held in previous years are as follows:

• The First Summer Institute, July 15-23, 1948, "Current Problems in International Law"
• The Second Summer Institute, August 5-21, 1949, "Legal Problems of World Trade"
• The Third Summer Institute, June 26-July 1, 1950, "The Law and Labor-Management Relations"
• The Fourth Summer Institute, June 25-28, 1951, "Taxation of Business Enterprise"

The Fifth Summer …

Lectures On Taxation Of Business Enterprise, University Of Michigan Law School

Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law

The problems relating to the taxation of business enterprise cover a wide area. Economic considerations and policy problems, always present and always important, assume added significance in a crisis period marked by high budgets and the need for increased revenues. The interpretation and application of the tax laws, notably the federal income tax statutes, create problems as numerous as they are difficult and complex. Here is an area of interest that challenges the attention and interest of legislators, economists, lawyers, accountants, corporate executives and public administrators.

In its choice of the general theme for the 1951 Summer Institute and in …

Soviet Civil Law: A Review, Roscoe Pound

Michigan Law Review

Here is an excellent and much needed book. Although the enthusiastic wishful thinking about things Russian, fashionable not so long ago, has for the most part abated, the rise of a new social and economic order on a great scale must call for careful study by lawyers and law-makers no less than by historians and economists and students of politics. Now that a generation has been at work constructively since the destructive era of militant communism after the revolution, we need accurate and objectively presented and interpreted information as to how the administration of justice goes on under "the dictatorship …

Dawson: Unjust Enrichment: A Comparative Analysis, Edgar N. Durfee

Michigan Law Review

A Review of UNJUST ENRICHMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS. By John P. Dawson.

Insolvent Decedents' Estates, Kurt H. Nadelmann

Michigan Law Review

The problems of insolvent decedents' estates have created special difficulties in all legal systems. Two unrelated fields of the law are involved: decedents' estates and insolvency. Treatment of the topic in works on one or the other field is often scanty and few studies exist which deal exclusively with insolvent decedents' estates law. Research in the conflicts problems of the field has led the writer to investigate the differences in the treatment of insolvent decedents' estates in this country, other common law countries, and countries of the civil law. Results of this study are used to discuss problems of the …

Lectures On The Law And Labor-Management Relations, University Of Michigan Law School

Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law

The 1950 Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law recognized the great importance, all over the world, of the problems of labor-management relations and the accelerating pace of development of labor law. The Institute sought, through the techniques of lecture, comment, and panel discussion, to provide a basis for an informed appraisal of some of the most challenging questions in this area.

For the most part the program dealt with the problems arising in the attempt in the United States and in other countries to develop and apply legal standards to labor-management relations. Underlying the legal framework, however, are major …

Lectures On The Conflict Of Laws And International Contracts, University Of Michigan Law School

Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law

The lectures contained in this volume were delivered at Ann Arbor in the course of the sessions of the Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law under the auspices of the University of Michigan Law School, August 5 to 21, 1949. As a part of the institute program that has been inaugurated with the encouraging support not merely of the Faculty of the Law School but also of many interested members of the bar - a program designed to supplement the ordinary course of legal studies through the exploration of "frontiers of the law" in lectures and discussions delivered or …

The Conflict Of Laws: A Comparative Study. Volume Three. Special Obligations: Modification And Discharge Of Obligations, Ernst Rabel

Michigan Legal Studies Series

Among the multitude of conflicts principles that, according to various claims, should determine the law applicable to all contracts, only two have resisted the test of critical analysis. These, indeed, form an adequate groundwork. First, the freedom of parties to choose the law applicable to their contract must be recognized as a general rule without petty restraint. Second, in the absence of such agreement, a contract should be governed by the law most closely connected with its characteristic feature.

The first proposition is essential to the second. To deny party autonomy means rigid conflicts rules created by some superior authority. …