Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

Capital Punishment: Corporate Criminal Liability For Gross Violations Of Human Rights, Diane Marie Amann

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Holding Multinational Corporations Responsible Under International Law, Joel R. Paul

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Art And Science Of Critical Scholarship: Postmodernism And International Style In The Legal Architecture Of Europe, Ugo Mattei

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Unidentified Orbital Debris: The Case For A Market-Share Liability Regime, Mark J. Sundahl

UC Law SF International Law Review

As the volume of debris in the planet's orbit continues to grow, the risks and costs associated with orbital collisions are taking their toll on the space industry. The United Nations Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects seeks to address this modern day tragedy of the commons, yet it applies only to large, identifiable pieces of orbital debris. As most debris consists of small fragments, the source of which cannot be identified, the U.N. Convention is limited in its effect.

This Note addresses the problem of assigning liability for harm caused by unidentified orbital debris. It …

Wye River Memorandum: A Transition To Final Peace, Justus R. Weiner

UC Law SF International Law Review

After a lengthy impasse in the peace process between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, a series of several agreements designed to foster peace led to the Wye River Memorandum. This agreement, negotiated in conjunction with President Clinton, established concrete steps for each side to take in reaching lasting peace. This Article analyzes the Wye River Memorandum in the context of the legal and political controversies surrounding its adoption and implementation. Additionally, this Article includes a postscript that addresses the recent Al-Aqsa Intifada.

Protection Against Trademark Dilution In The U.K. And Canada: Inexorable Trend Or Will Tradition Triumph, David S. Welkowitz

UC Law SF International Law Review

This Article addresses the trend toward increasing protection of trademarks in the context of non-confusion. Specifically, this Article analyzes this dynamic as it is occurring in the United Kingdom and Canada. It opens with a brief discussion of trademark protection outside the context of trademark confusion. It then proceeds to an in-depth analysis of trademark dilution in the United Kingdom and Canada, with special attention paid to comparative analysis. By analyzing this trend as it is occurring in these countries, the author provides useful insight into not only what is happening in these countries, but also the implications these developments …

Nuclear Testing Rocks The Sub-Continent: Can International Law Halt The Impending Nuclear Conflict Between India And Pakistan, Grant Guthrie

UC Law SF International Law Review

The nuclear tests conducted by India and Pakistan in 1998 have given rise to a concern that the historic conflict over Kashmir might suddenly erupt into a war involving nuclear weapons.

This Note evaluates the relationship between the testing and the development of nuclear weapons under international law. It analyzes two aspects of international law that prohibit the future testing and development of nuclear weapons: (1) customary international law and (2) traditional and new customary international environmental law. This Note concludes by pointing out that the nations that will acquire nuclear capabilities in the near future may not have the …

"Draconian" Yet Constitutional: The Republic Of Ireland's Offences Against The State Act (1998), Sean R. Elsbernd

UC Law SF International Law Review

On August 15, 1998, a terrorist bomb exploded in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. The 500-pound bomb, which detonated in the main marketplace of the city, killed twenty-eight people and injured more than 200 others. Following the tragedy, Ireland's Prime Minister Ahern pledged to bring those responsible to justice by making certain amendments to the Offences Against the State Act of 1939.

This Note discusses whether the Prime Minister and the government of the Republic of Ireland succeeded in this task, and if their efforts conform to the Irish Constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights.

Application Of The Elements Of Torture And Other Forms Of Ill-Treatment, As Defined By The European Court And Commission Of Human Rights, To The Incidents Of Domestic Violence, Ela Grdinic

UC Law SF International Law Review

Domestic violence has not traditionally been considered a type of torture. In fact, until recently, many European countries did not even have laws to protect women from domestic assault. However, the development of concepts in international law such as the individual right to petition, the positive obligations of states, the absolute character of certain rights, and the expansion of the application of state responsibility for the acts of private individuals, all provide fertile ground for the recognition of domestic violence as a human rights issue.

This Article argues that incidents of domestic violence in fact satisfy the criteria imposed by …

Holding Up Half The Sky But Not Allowed To Hold The Ground: Women's Rights To Inherit And Own Land In Hong Kong And The People's Republic Of China, Nora E. Sheriff

UC Law SF International Law Review

The rights of women to inherit and own land differ in the New Territories in Hong Kong and Jiangxi in China. The history of the two nations explains many of the differences and similarities regarding women's rights. As Hong Kong and China meld into one nation with two systems, inevitable changes to those rights will occur.

This Note surveys the general perceptions regarding human and women's rights in Great Britain, Hong Kong and China. Also, the Note explores international treaties that affect women's rights with special attention to the participation of both Hong Kong and China. Each nation's internal laws …

The Political Economy Of Nafta Chapter Eleven: Equality Before The Law And The Boundaries Of North American Integration, Frederick M. Abbott

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Arbitration Under Nafta Chapter Eleven: Some Pragmatic Reflections Upon The First Case Filed Against Mexico, Clyde C. Pearce, Jack Coe Jr.

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Anatomy Of A Chapter Eleven Arbitration: Affidavits, Affiant, And Burdens Of Proof, David J. St. Louis

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

State Responsibility For Denial Of Substantive And Procedural Justice Under Nafta Chapter Eleven, Don Wallace Jr.

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Some Observations On Chapter Eleven Of Nafta, Daniel M. Price

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Awards In Pope & Talbot, Inc. V. Government Of Canada--Introduction, William S. Dodge

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Extraterritorial Application Of The Economic Espionage Act Of 1996, J. Thomas Coffin

UC Law SF International Law Review

On October 11, 1996, President Clinton signed the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (EEA) into law. The Act was designed to protect trade secrets against theft or economic espionage. It applies to trade secrets possessed by businesses operating in the United States, whether foreign or domestic.

This Note analyzes the application of the Act beyond the territory of the United States. This Note first compares the extraterritorial applications of the statutes in two areas of federal criminal law: antitrust and securities law. In these two areas, courts have had substantial opportunities to apply statutory provisions to conduct occurring abroad, and …

National Courts And International Arbitration: Exhaustion Of Remedies And Res Judicata Under Chapter Eleven Of Nafta, William S. Dodge

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Expropriation Under Mexican Law And Its Intersection Into A Global Context Under Nafta, Raymundo E. Enriquez

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Investment, Environment And Dispute Settlement: Arbitration Under Nafta Chapter Eleven, Joseph De Pencier

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Der Grobe Lauschangriff: Germany Brings Home The War On Organized Crime, James J. Killean

UC Law SF International Law Review

The Lauschangriff is legislation formed by the German government that would allow German police to perform electronic surveillance on private homes. This legislation was formed to combat increased organized crime in Germany. The proposal of the Lauschangriff has caused a fierce debate. One side argues that the Lauschangriff is the only way to control organized crime, while the other protests the trampling of civil liberties.

This Article examines the general controversy surrounding the Lauschangriff and proposes ways of improving the result reached by Germany's parliament. The Article examines the causes and effects of organized crime in Germany as well as …

Noncompete Covenants In Japanese Employment Contracts: Recent Developments, Miwako Ogawa

UC Law SF International Law Review

Like employers in the United States, employers in Japan seek to prevent their former employees from competing with them by using noncompete covenants. As Japan's work force and employment system become more diverse, individualized and laterally mobile, noncompete provisions are appearing before the Japanese courts with increasing frequency.

The Japanese courts' approach to noncompete clauses is to scrutinize their "reasonableness" by balancing the competing interests of the employer in protecting its business goals and the employee in preserving his right to freedom of occupation. However, the notion of "reasonableness" has been elusive, causing the Japanese courts to struggle with application …

Prospects For Local Competition In Telecommunications: A Comparison Of The Chilean And American Approaches To Regulatory Reform, Melissa Sampson Mcmorrow

UC Law SF International Law Review

For decades, most nations provided telecommunications services through regulated monopolies or by stale-owned entities. Many nations, including Latin American countries, provided such services through state-owned industries for various reasons. Technological advancements and regulatory reform have dismantled the old guard systems and have ushered in a new era in telecommunications. Latin American countries are going through a dual process of privatization and liberalization. Chile led the region in this effort in the late 1970s. Chile also led the world in creating a competitive market for telecommunications. Its legal framework has opened all markets-long distance, advanced, and local-to competition to varying extents. …

Intellectual Property And Antitrust: A Comparison Of Evolution In The European Union And United States, Sara M. Biggers, Richard A. Mann, Barry S. Roberts

UC Law SF International Law Review

Transactions involving the transfer of intellectual property rights give rise to antitrust issues, potentially implicating the involvement of the enforcement bodies of the European Union (EU) and United States. While changing market dynamics resulting from innovation and globalization impact antitrust enforcement, the movement toward "decentralization" of antitrust enforcement represents yet another trend that causes uncertainty in both the EU and U.S. antitrust policies. In this context, one of the most notable aspects of evolving antitrust policy is that of cooperation between the enforcement agencies in the EU and the United States.

This Article explores the key legislative and policy developments …

The Extraterritorial Reach Of The U.S. Government's Campaign Against International Bribery, H. Lowell Brown

UC Law SF International Law Review

Recent initiatives by the Securities Exchange Commission, acting under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), and by the Organization of American States and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development have highlighted efforts to "level the playing field" of international commerce through the prohibition of government bribery. For U.S. companies, these developments are generally positive. However, foreign entities in which U.S. companies have an interest may now find themselves subject to criminal and civil liability for commercial practices which were formerly beyond the reach of the FCPA and tolerated in their own countries. Accordingly, for U.S. companies doing business internationally …

The International Monetary Fund: Is It The Right Or Wrong Prescription For Korea, Ellen J. Shin

UC Law SF International Law Review

Since emerging as a war torn country in 1953, Korea has become a major economic contender in the international market. By 1997, Korea had achieved success as the world's eleventh largest economy. That success was cut short by the "Asian financial crisis" of late 1997, which greatly affected the Korean economy. Caused by the unraveling of the diversified, family-owned conglomerates known as chaebol, which collapsed under billions of dollars in bank loans, Korea sought to restore its economic ascendancy with an IMF bailout. The resulting IMF austerity program has received much criticism, focused primarily on the fact that the traditional …

The Quest For Justice And Reconciliation: The International Criminal Tribunal For Rwanda And The Ethiopian High Court, Yacob Haile-Mariam

UC Law SF International Law Review

About fifty years have gone by since international humanitarian law was first applied to the proseculion and punishment of war criminals. Just a few years ago, the international humanitarian law most law students learned about was couched within public international law, often studied without any serious intention of ever applying it. Recent prosecutions of war criminals in former Yugoslavia, the presence of genocide suspects in Rwanda and the impending establishment of the Permanent International Criminal Tribunal by the United Nations have revived interest in international humanitarian law, with particular interest in genocide and crimes against humanity.

This article compares the …

The Common Law In South Africa: Pro Apartheid Or Pro Democracy, Jeremy Sarkin

UC Law SF International Law Review

The role of the common law in South Africa has been controversial. Some argue that South Africa's common law, inherited from Roman-Dutch and English law, has a problematic colonial tradition that has done little to protect justice and equality. Others argue that if not for parliamentary security legislation, South Africa's common law could have protected rights and freedoms.

This article examines several apartheid-era cases in which the common law protection of individual rights was at stake to determine whether the common law was human rights friendly, or if it was compatible with the constitutional dispensation of human rights abuses. It …

The Effect Of International Court Of Justice Decisions On Municipal Courts In The United States: Breard V. Greene, Sanja Djajic

UC Law SF International Law Review

The relationship between international and municipal law is complex and continually developing. One way to analyze this issue is to observe the interaction between domestic courts and the International Court of Justice. These two types of courts may entertain identical claims.

This article analyzes whether there is any correlation between the two types of courts, and the character of this correlation if there is one. Through an examination of Breard v. Greene, this article will examine the attitudes of United States courts toward the enforceability and the legally binding character of International Court of Justice decisions. This article will also …

The Joint-Stock Cooperative Enterprise: A New Independent Legal Entity In China, Minkang Gu

UC Law SF International Law Review

The joint stock cooperative enterprise (JSCE) is a new form of enterprise organization in China that is particularly well suited to Chinese ideological and economic characteristics. The JSCE utilizes certain features of a shareholding system, which can be independent from the government and have clearly defined property and ownership rights-basic elements routinely assumed in the corporate law of western countries, but still new in a country constitutionally committed to Marxist-Leninist principles.

This article introduces the concept and legal nature of the JSCE. It analyzes the concept of a legal person and the distinctions between the JSCE and other business forms, …