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Articles 31 - 60 of 571
Full-Text Articles in Comparative and Foreign Law
On Facial Recognition, Regulation, And "Data Necropolitics", Antonio Pele, Caitlin Mulholland
On Facial Recognition, Regulation, And "Data Necropolitics", Antonio Pele, Caitlin Mulholland
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This paper argues for actual and legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) and facial recognition. These new technologies represent great opportunities to improve the welfare of societies. However, some of their uses can also enhance discrimination and, eventually, lead to violence. From a comparative approach (examining the European Union and Brazil), we address the current and future aspects of facial regulation, AI, and personal data. This paper shows that regulation is relevant to protect the rule of law, free markets, and individual freedoms. It also examines the looming risks unfolding from the unregulated uses of new technologies. Our concept of …
Artificial Intelligence In Government: Risks And Challenges Of Algorithmic Governance In The Administrative State, Jose Vida Fernandez
Artificial Intelligence In Government: Risks And Challenges Of Algorithmic Governance In The Administrative State, Jose Vida Fernandez
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This article analyzes the legal implications of using artificial intelligence in government and how it is challenging the foundations of the administrative state. It begins by demonstrating that a new model of government is emerging, based on information and intelligence (i-Gov). To understand the nature and scope of this new i-Gov model, this article will explain what artificial intelligence really is and analyze the applications that are currently being carried out in the US and the EU. Next, it will review the regulatory framework that is emerging that regulates government use of artificial intelligence in both the US and the …
Blockchain And The Right To Good Administration: Adding Blocks To Or Blocking Of The Globalization Of Good Administration?, Migle Laukyte
Blockchain And The Right To Good Administration: Adding Blocks To Or Blocking Of The Globalization Of Good Administration?, Migle Laukyte
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In this article, the author addresses the complex and multifaceted relationship between the right to good administration enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the uses of blockchain technology by the public administration, which is in charge of making the right to good administration real. The opportunities and threats come hand in hand, and there is an urgent need to push forward a public debate on the uses and misuses of blockchain to guarantee public services, so much so that many aspects of blockchain are not compatible with citizens’ expectations in relation to the public …
The Brcko Arbitration: A Blueprint For Ending Current And Future Ethnic Territorial Conflicts, Emma Delaney Strenski
The Brcko Arbitration: A Blueprint For Ending Current And Future Ethnic Territorial Conflicts, Emma Delaney Strenski
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Within the fields of conflict resolution, political science, and history, I am researching the effectiveness of mediating an end to current and future ethnic, territorial conflicts through international law specifically an international arbitration process. I am using the Brcko Arbitration, completed as part of the Dayton Peace Accords, as a case study of the effectiveness of international arbitration in peace building. After three years of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992-1995, Brcko was a multiethnic and multireligious city and was a cultural dividing line between the two ethnically autonomous regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its options were to join …
Due Diligence In A Pandemic: State Accountability For Covid-19 Under International Law, Andrea Cocchini, Gonzalo Villalta Puig
Due Diligence In A Pandemic: State Accountability For Covid-19 Under International Law, Andrea Cocchini, Gonzalo Villalta Puig
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has tested the response capacity of the international community. This article analyses the due diligence principle and the various international legal instruments that restate it in an assessment of the possible actions that states could have taken to avoid or, at least, contain the initial outbreak of the pandemic.
Prosecuting White-Collar Financial Crime: The Contrasting Cases Of The Us, Spain, And Ireland In The Aftermath Of The 2008 Global Financial Crisis, Justin Rex, Adam Panas
Prosecuting White-Collar Financial Crime: The Contrasting Cases Of The Us, Spain, And Ireland In The Aftermath Of The 2008 Global Financial Crisis, Justin Rex, Adam Panas
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Why have no Wall Street executives been prosecuted or convicted for actions that contributed to the global financial crisis? Scholars have documented a variety of legal, bureaucratic, economic, and political reasons for a lack of prosecutions, but one missing piece from this scholarship is a comparative perspective; other countries similar also experienced the effects of the crisis but convicted more financial executives than did the US. This article examines the financial crises and post-crisis responses in Ireland and Spain to see why they put more bankers in jail. The comparative analysis highlights several legal, economic, and political variables that partially …
Voting By Proxy-Meddling In Foreign Elections And Public International Law, Patrick C. R. Terry
Voting By Proxy-Meddling In Foreign Elections And Public International Law, Patrick C. R. Terry
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Following the alleged Russian meddling in the 2016 US presidential election, there has been noticeable interest in the lawfulness of foreign interference in another state's elections under public international law. The obvious lack of previous research on the issue is surprising, given that election meddling in other states has been a widespread practice since at least the end of World War II. Indeed, according to Dov Levin, between 1946 and 2000, the United States and the Soviet Union (and Russia) alone were responsible for 117 partisan "electoral interventions" in other states. What is more, meddling in foreign elections is effective. …
Russia's Utilization Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Lockdowns, Re-Sovereignization, And Disengagement From The West, Alexandra Orlova
Russia's Utilization Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Lockdowns, Re-Sovereignization, And Disengagement From The West, Alexandra Orlova
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This article discusses the challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic poses to the current concepts of globalization, universality of human rights, and the rules-based international order. This article discusses how Russia has used the COVID-19 pandemic to accelerate its move away from Western ideas and institutions so as to solidify the power of its executive branch. In particular, this article examines the Russian Constitutional Court in its dealings with both the 2020 Russian constitutional amendments and the government's lockdown measures. This article concludes that the Russian Constitutional Court which is supposed to serve as a key guarantor of fundamental rights of …
Science-Intensive Dispute Mechanism For Protection Of Atmosphere: Icj, Wto And Pca, Chhaya Bhardwaj, Anmol Agarwal
Science-Intensive Dispute Mechanism For Protection Of Atmosphere: Icj, Wto And Pca, Chhaya Bhardwaj, Anmol Agarwal
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The authors argue that protection of atmosphere related science intensive disputes should be submitted to the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) because it has a better approach in comparison to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and World Trade Organization (WTO). This comparative analysis highlights different approaches by the three dispute settlement institutions. The approach by the ICJ and WTO are discretionary and follow a case-by-case method to evaluate scientific evidence. The PCA has standardized its dispute settlement process under its codified protocols for science-intensive disputes. There is an increase in science-intensity of legal issues in the twenty-first century and …
"Just Ice" For Bourbon: The Need For Gis In International Protection Of America's Beloved Spirit, Haley Scott
"Just Ice" For Bourbon: The Need For Gis In International Protection Of America's Beloved Spirit, Haley Scott
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The term "bourbon" has become increasingly popular in markets all over the globe. The popularity of the bourbon trend has been exploited for both labelling liquors and describing nonalcoholic products. Bourbon has several separate definitions, usually differing on the issue of the geographical scope of the spirit's production. The bourbon liquor industry has experienced periods of significant downturn followed by periods of explosive revival, motivated mainly by foreign interest, from countries such as Japan, in the product In the 1970s, Japanese interest in whisky and US bourbon facilitated a resurgence of the then-struggling US bourbon industry. In 2018, production of …
The Case For A Global Excess Profits Tax: A Response To Dr. Tarcísio Diniz Magalhães & Professor Allison Christians, Paige Powers
The Case For A Global Excess Profits Tax: A Response To Dr. Tarcísio Diniz Magalhães & Professor Allison Christians, Paige Powers
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In striving to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments across the globe acted quickly to implement various "stayat- home" orders and bans on all "non-essential activities." While these actions were likely effective in slowing the spread of the virus, the economic impacts were felt almost immediately. The US deficit rose to $3.1 trillion following massive spending to aid individuals and small businesses. Internationally, governments have been increasing their debt loads to combat both the health and financial impacts of the pandemic. Indeed, by the end of 2020, the international debt load increased to a record-breaking $281 trillion. Almost …
Overview Of Bicameral Legislatures’ Potential Impact On The Executive Selection Process, Kyle Kopchak
Overview Of Bicameral Legislatures’ Potential Impact On The Executive Selection Process, Kyle Kopchak
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
Bicameral legislature is a common constitutional design model, with bicameral legislatures making up roughly 41 percent of all legislatures worldwide. As of April 2014, 79 bicameral and 113 unicameral systems were recorded in the database of the Inter-Parliamentary Union. In general, “bicameralism is more common in federal, large, and presidential states, while unicameralism is more common in unitary, small, parliamentary ones”. Bicameral systems operate two legislative chambers, both of which play a role in drafting and passing national legislation. However, each house often fulfills a unique role in the legislative process and is usually elected by different methods. Proponents of …
Taxonomy Of Ministerial Appointment Processes, Michelle Johnston
Taxonomy Of Ministerial Appointment Processes, Michelle Johnston
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
In parliamentary governments, executive power rests in an executive body of ministers commonly referred to as “the cabinet” or “the government.” Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are tasked with researching, drafting, and proposing laws and policies to their legislative counterparts in parliament. Because cabinets are generally comprised at least partially of select members of parliament, parliamentary systems are characterized by the interactions and interdependence of the legislative and executive branches. Whereas presidential systems lean into separation of powers to restrict governmental power, parliamentary systems rely on integration of the branches to ensure that political powers remain in check. Executive …
Enforcing Interstate Compacts In Federal Systems, Michael Osborn
Enforcing Interstate Compacts In Federal Systems, Michael Osborn
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
The central goal of a federal system is for local government units to retain degrees of independence, specifically over matters of importance to that local unit. A logical corollary to that independence is the ability for local units to negotiate and contract with other local units on matters of importance. Therefore, it is not surprising that almost every federal system allows, either implicitly or explicitly, member states to form binding compacts with other states, the union government, or municipalities.1 Some federal democracies even allow member states to compact with foreign governments. Furthermore, almost every federal constitution includes a provision outlining …
Access To Medicine In Developing Countries: Elevating State Obligations Over Corporate Profit, Hakeem O. Yusuf, Kamil Omoteso
Access To Medicine In Developing Countries: Elevating State Obligations Over Corporate Profit, Hakeem O. Yusuf, Kamil Omoteso
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This paper investigates the divergence between the objectives of the state in ensuring citizens' right to health and the profit-maximization objective of pharmaceutical corporations in relation to, access to, and supply of medicine. This divergence is pertinent given both the rising cost of medicines and unmet needs, particularly in developing countries. This paper analyses the correlation between pharmaceutical corporations' profit drive and the state's welfare obligation. There is a need to bridge the gap between business and human rights, which can be achieved by combining the concepts of "business ethical responsibility" and corporations' contributions to "common good" with the jurisprudence …
State Leadership Vs. Lawyers' Entrepreneurship: The Globalization Trajectories Of Chinese Legal Professionals Under The Belt & Road Initiative, Jing Li
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Based on the analysis of the online profiles of 205 BRI Talent Bank lawyers as accredited by China's national bar association, this article generates important empirical knowledge about the approaches and processes that a nation-state may use in directing the internationalization of legal professionals. In addition to designing the general roadmap and offering broad incentives, the state has demonstrated a much more handson approach. By collecting the so-called "state-adjacent" lawyers and commissioning them to take some concrete first steps stipulated in the roadmap, the Chinese state effectively envisions them as role models for other lawyers to follow to ensure that …
European Cross-Sectoral Collective Bargaining As Post Crisis Policy, Pascal Mcdougall
European Cross-Sectoral Collective Bargaining As Post Crisis Policy, Pascal Mcdougall
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This article proposes a policy project, centered around coordinated collective bargaining at the European Union level, to redistribute income towards low-wage workers in post-crisis Europe. It suggests we allow labor unions in sectors employing low-wage workers to present common wage demands across sectors and EU Member States. It shows that this would make union wage increases less harmful to workers and consumers than under uncoordinated sectoral bargaining, while coming more directly at the expense of managers and investors. The article then describes existing EU legal institutions that although they do not quite amount to the policy proposed here constitute useful …
Constitution Drafting After The Arab Spring: A Comparative Overview, Francesco Biagi
Constitution Drafting After The Arab Spring: A Comparative Overview, Francesco Biagi
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Scholars have written extensively on the content of post-Arab Spring constitutions, highlighting these constitutions' strengths and weaknesses. Less attention has been devoted to the processes that led to the adoption of these new documents. By providing a comprehensive comparative analysis of these constitution-drafting processes, this Article aims at contributing to filling this gap in the literature. Special focus is placed on the constitution-making processes followed in Morocco (constitution of 2011), Syria (constitution of 2012), Tunisia (constitution of 2014), and Egypt (constitutions of 2012 and 2014 the latter being amended in 2019), as well as on the constitutional reform processes that …
The Ends And The Means: Indigenous Sovereignty, Climate-Related Legal Actions, And Frameworks Of Justice, Connor Marcum
The Ends And The Means: Indigenous Sovereignty, Climate-Related Legal Actions, And Frameworks Of Justice, Connor Marcum
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Philosophy professor Timothy Morton uses climate change as his foremost example of what he calls a hyperobject: an object that occupies both more physical space and more time than humans can usefully comprehend. For example, one can understand local meteorological occurrences in isolation without necessarily understanding that a given storm was more severe than it should have been because an overall increase in global temperatures makes for a more aggressive, active hydrological cycle. Environmental organizations focused on raising awareness understand this. Public campaigns to wed the nebulous idea of climate change to specific, concrete images are incredibly memorable: think of …
Ending Demand For Modern-Day Slavery: An Analysis Of Human Trafficking In The Global Marketplace, Rachel Leach
Ending Demand For Modern-Day Slavery: An Analysis Of Human Trafficking In The Global Marketplace, Rachel Leach
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The purpose of this paper is to inform readers of the prevalence of and increasing demand for human trafficking, both domestically and globally, and to propose necessary next steps governments must take in order to end the demand for such human exploitation. This paper will closely analyze the issue of trafficking humans for sex and labor within the Western Hemisphere and throughout Asia by using the United States and China as primary case studies. These case studies analyze the specific actions or inactions taken by the United States and Chinese governments to combat modern day slavery, as well as the …
Understanding The Nansen Passport: A System Of Manipulation, Kacey Bengel
Understanding The Nansen Passport: A System Of Manipulation, Kacey Bengel
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The aftermath of World War I, the "war to end all wars," left the world with as many new problems as it did resolutions. State powers tested and expanded the boundaries and interpretations of international law; in the end, there were the triumphant Allied Powers, the heavily wounded Central Powers, and millions of displaced individuals left adrift in the wake. Never before had the international community attempted to address the issue of refugees, and the product of the postwar efforts did not provide a complete solution. This paper will analyze the international community's] response to the massive refugee crisis and …
Civil Society And Regional Human Rights Development In Asia: Lessons From The Asian Human Rights Court Simulation, Mark L. Shope, Wen-Chen Chang
Civil Society And Regional Human Rights Development In Asia: Lessons From The Asian Human Rights Court Simulation, Mark L. Shope, Wen-Chen Chang
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In 2019, the historic first hearing of the Asian Human Rights Court Simulation (AHRCS and its "Court') took place in Taipei, Taiwan. The Court heard the case of Chiou Ho-shun v. ROC (Taiwan). The judges of the AHRCS consisted of experts in international human rights law; and observers from the media, scholars, government officials, and national and international human rights defenders were in attendance. Along with the hearings, the event included workshops on international human rights topics and a civil society dialogue. This article discusses issues surrounding the development, ecosystem, and future of the Court. The article first discusses the …
La Liberté D’Expression Aux États-Unis Et En France, Elisabeth Zoller
La Liberté D’Expression Aux États-Unis Et En France, Elisabeth Zoller
Books & Book Chapters by Maurer Faculty
A chapter from the Ministry's report, RÉPUBLIQUE ÉCOLE LAÏCITÉ
A Taxonomy On Constitutional Court Appointment Mechanisms In Federal Countries, Molly Madden
A Taxonomy On Constitutional Court Appointment Mechanisms In Federal Countries, Molly Madden
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
This paper provides a taxonomy of how federal countries appoint judges to their highest courts. Appointment mechanisms involve (1) little or no meaningful input from state government, (2) the states acting in an indirect role, or (3) substantial state government input. Within-group one, countries that allow for little to no meaningful input from state governments, some countries require that one federal body check another federal body during the appointment process, such as the federal executive’s nominees are confirmed by the federal senate. I first evaluate which court or entity in each country answers federalism questions, whether that is a Constitutional …
Constitutional Court Landscape Post - Arab Spring: A Survey Of Design, Dane Kirchoff-Foster
Constitutional Court Landscape Post - Arab Spring: A Survey Of Design, Dane Kirchoff-Foster
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
This is a case study seeking to survey the landscape of constitutional courts in the MENA region after the Arab Spring. To accomplish this, the case study identifies the traditional functions of constitutional courts, then analyzes the design features present in post-Arab Spring constitutional courts to determine how and to what extent these design features help – or hinder – each court in fulfilling its traditional functions. Analysis of design features will focus on (1) which (and how many) constitutional matters the court is empowered to decide (court jurisdiction), (2) the processes by which a court is presented a …
Judicial Biography In The British Empire, Victoria Barnes, Emily Whewell
Judicial Biography In The British Empire, Victoria Barnes, Emily Whewell
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This article adds to the biographic ''turn" in legal studies. While there is a large body of scholarship examining judges in the United States and the United Kingdom, comparatively little is written on their legal counterparts in the common law world. What can judicial biographies offer for comparative law? Do these studies generate useful information about the movement of law? What can be gained by a better awareness of the lives of those at the top of the colonial legal profession? This article shows that within the common law world, judges, like those in the United States and the United …
Treaty Validity After Diplomatic Cutoff: The Case Of The Taiwan-Panama Free Trade Agreement, Chien-Huei Wu, Po-Hsiang Liao
Treaty Validity After Diplomatic Cutoff: The Case Of The Taiwan-Panama Free Trade Agreement, Chien-Huei Wu, Po-Hsiang Liao
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In view of the opposing positions of Taiwan and Panama, this paper intends to examine the legal status of the Taiwan-Panama FTA after the termination of diplomatic relations between these two countries. This paper argues that the severance of diplomatic relations does not affect the legal relations of Taiwan-related FTAs. This paper puts forward two arguments in support of the continuous legal validity of the Taiwan-Panama FTA from the perspectives of public international law and the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO). First, as the law of treaties provides, the severance of diplomatic relations shall not affect the treaty …
Debt Expansion As "Relief And Rescue" At The Time Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Insights From The Legal Theory Of Finance, Iris Hse-Yu Chiu, Andreas Kokkinis, Andrea Miglionico
Debt Expansion As "Relief And Rescue" At The Time Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Insights From The Legal Theory Of Finance, Iris Hse-Yu Chiu, Andreas Kokkinis, Andrea Miglionico
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In Section II, we discuss the relief and rescue policies in the US, UK, and EU and show how they have been advanced by legal elasticity in suspensions from normal private and regulatory law. Crucially, such legal elasticity is intended to facilitate an increased debt burden for corporations and households as a means of relief and rescue. We argue that this policy choice, which is startlingly similar in these developed jurisdictions, has been influenced by the contexts of financialization in these jurisdictions and the perception of temporary duration by policy makers. However, there is a need to critically interrogate the …
Mitigating The Effects Of Intellectual Property Colonialism On Budding Cannabis Markets, Hughie Kellner
Mitigating The Effects Of Intellectual Property Colonialism On Budding Cannabis Markets, Hughie Kellner
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Globalization has reduced barriers to trade, communication, and understanding, opening opportunities that extend far beyond national borders. However, in this bounty of opportunity lie obligations, and often those obligations tie a nation's hands when trying to deal with a problem that arises. One obligation nations face is upholding the United Nations' (UN) decision to prevent the illicit use of cannabis. Another is supporting and following the World Trade Organization's (WTO) near elimination of barriers for companies to bring patent and trademark protection with them into any country they do business with. In a modern globalized economy, if a nation fails …
Penises, Nipples, And Bums, Oh My!: An Examination Of How Freedom Of Expression Applies To Public Nudity, Clara Gutwein
Penises, Nipples, And Bums, Oh My!: An Examination Of How Freedom Of Expression Applies To Public Nudity, Clara Gutwein
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
How do you solve a problem like the nipple? A woman's nipples are both erotic and utilitarian, obscene and maternal. She must never show them in public. She must show them to feed her child. Nipples are for men. Nipples are for babies. Nipples, it seems, are for everyone except a woman herself. The law, too, has something to say about nipples. It is completely constitutional for the government to prevent women from publicly showing their nipples in order to protect morality and public order. Thus, the law assumes an inversely proportional relationship between the number of publicly exposed nipples …