Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

The Distinctive Characteristics Of Section 337, 8 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 231 (2009), Jay H. Reiziss

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

In an investigation by the International Trade Commission (“ITC” or “Commission”) under Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (“Section 337”) a complainant must satisfy two unique statutory criteria. First, a complainant must establish that the ITC has jurisdiction, usually by showing importation of an accused product. Second, a complainant must demonstrate that a domestic industry exists or is in the process of being established. A practitioner can be assured that the ITC’s jurisdiction is expansive and reaches foreign-based activities that affect U.S. commerce. Such actions can involve any unfair act and can be brought regardless of whether personal …

Post-Litigation Enforcement Of Remedial Orders Issued By The U.S. International Trade Commission In Section 337 Investigations, 8 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 248 (2009), Merritt R. Blakeslee

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

There is a common misperception that enforcement of International Trade Commission (“ITC”) remedial orders is automatic and self implementing. In reality, such remedial orders are not self-implementing, are less-than-perfect enforcement tools, and their effective enforcement carries with it a number of practical difficulties. This paper explores the realities of enforcing the ITC’s remedial orders – exclusion orders, consent orders, and cease-and-desist orders – with the goal of giving both complainants and respondents a heightened appreciation of the tactics and strategies that can be effectively deployed following the conclusion of a Section 337 investigation and the issuance of one or more …

Gray Market Trademark Infringement Actions At The U.S. International Trade Commission: The Benefits Of The Forum And Analysis Of Relevant Cases, 8 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 271 (2009), Joseph H. Heckendorn, Lyle B. Vander Schaaf

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Trademark owners continue to enforce their trademarks against imports of gray market goods using Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. In comparison to the federal court alternative, the International Trade Commission (“ITC”) offers a number of distinct advantages. In addition, ITC decisions in In re Certain Agricultural Vehicles and Components Thereof and In re Certain Hydraulic Excavators and Components Thereof have clarified what is required to enforce trademarks at the ITC. Trademark owners should heed the recent ITC decisions in deciding how to curb imports of infringing gray market goods.

Introduction: Symposium On Law, Entrepreneurship, And Economic Recovery, Anthony J. Luppino

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of The Taiwan Relations Act Of 1979 On Res Judicata And Collateral Estoppel With Respect To Taiwanese And Third-Country Parties In United States Courts, Michael Buxton Devine

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

President Jimmy Carter terminated diplomatic relations be- tween the United States and the Republic of China (the ROC) or Taiwan on January 1, 1979, and Congress enacted the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979 (the TRA), effective on April 10, 1979, in order to replace the former diplomatic relations. The question then arose as to whether United States courts must recognize and enforce judgments of Taiwanese courts with respect to third-country plaintiffs who have prevailed over Taiwanese defendants. If so, then such third-country plaintiffs would be able to rely on the principles of res judicata and collateral estoppel in United States …

Conflicting Jurisdictions Over Disputes Arising From The Application Of Trade-Related Environmental Measures, Wen-Chen Shih

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.

Analytical Jurisprudence And The Concept Of Commercial Law, John Linarelli

Scholarly Works

Commercial lawyers working across borders know that globalization has changed commercial law. To think of commercial law as only the law of states is to have an inadequate understanding of the norms governing commercial transactions. Some have argued for a transnational conception of commercial law, but their grounds of justification have been unpersuasive, often grounded on claims about the common content among national legal systems. Legal positivism is a rich literature on the concept of a legal system and the validity conditions for rules in legal systems, but it has not been used to understand legal order outside or beyond …

On Law And The Transition To Market: The Case Of Egypt, Lama Abu-Odeh

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

On the eve of independence from European colonialism, Egypt, like most other developing countries, undertook the project of de-linking itself from colonial economy by initiating domestic industrialization. The economic project known as Import Substitution Industrialization (“ISI”) was designed to liberate Egypt from raw commodity production--specifically, agricultural and mineral--servicing its previous colonial master, Great Britain. The engine of development would be an expanding public sector with nationalization and socialism as leitmotifs. In re-orienting the economy towards industrial production, Egypt hoped that the terms of trade with the international economy would significantly improve, thereby leading to an improvement in the living standards …

International And Comparative Aspects Of Trademark Dilution, Mark D. Janis, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

Extract:

In the United States, trademark antidilution protection is back—maybe. Proposed by Frank Schechter in the 1920s, adopted in various incarnations in some states over the next few decades, and ultimately introduced in a slightly different form in federal trademark law in 1995, the dilution provisions drew a cool reception in the courts. By the late 1990s, an increasingly restive judiciary was constraining the federal dilution provisions in various ways, most notably by requiring mark owners to prove actual dilution in order to establish liability, a requirement endorsed by the United States Supreme Court in Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, …

Does "Made In China" Translate To "Watch Out" For Consumers? The U.S. Congressional Response To Consumer Product Safety Concerns, Julia A. Phillips

Penn State International Law Review (1982 - 2011)

No abstract provided.

Corporate Taxation And International Charter Competition, Mitchell A. Kane, Edward B. Rock

Michigan Law Review

Corporate charter competition has become an increasingly international phenomenon. The thesis of this Article is that this development in corporate law requires a greater focus on corporate tax law. We first demonstrate how a tax system's capacity to distort the international charter market depends both upon its approach to determining corporate location and upon the extent to which it taxes foreign source corporate profits. We also show, however, that it is not possible to remove all distortions through modifications to the tax system alone. We present instead two alternative methods for preserving an international charter market. The first-best solution involves …

It-Apas - Vertical Harmonization Of Transfer - Pricing Standards, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

The World Customs Organization (WCO) and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) have begun considering the harmonization of transfer pricing norms among income tax, customs and VAT regimes. Two conferences have been organized in May of 2006 and 2007.

These conferences have concluded so far: (a) that more analysis is needed; (b) that harmonization will require adjustments on all sides; and (c) that pilot projects (real world statutory and administrative efforts to harmonize) or case studies in harmonization (hypothetical fact patterns) are needed to facilitate consideration. This paper assesses the three basic paths being pursued at the present …

Executive Summary: Thawing A Frozen Conflict: Legal Aspects Of The Separatist Crisis In Moldova, Special Committee On European Affairs Of The New York City Bar

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

Moldova is the poorest country in Europe and it is enmeshed in a seemingly intractable separatist conflict involving ethnic tensions, Russian troops, Soviet-era arms stockpiles, smuggling, money-laundering, and corruption.

Global Administrative Law: Global Governance Of The Global Positioning System And Galileo, Sang Wook Daniel Han

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) system originally developed by the Depart- ment of Defense of the United States government in early 1970s.1

The Need For Judicial Activism Acceptance Speech, Dr. Tariq Hassan

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

Honorable President, Dean of the Shepard Broad Law Center, members of the faculty, respected students, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen.

Three Questions That Will Make You Rethink The U.S.-China Intellectual Property Debate, 7 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 412 (2008), Peter K. Yu

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Commentators have attributed China’s piracy and counterfeiting problems to the lack of political will on the part of Chinese authorities. They have also cited the many political, social, economic, cultural, judicial, and technological problems that have arisen as a result of the country’s rapid economic transformation and accession to the WTO. This provocative essay advances a third explanation. It argues that the failure to resolve piracy and counterfeiting problems in China can be partly attributed to the lack of political will on the part of U.S. policymakers and the American public to put intellectual property protection at the very top …

Can A State Or A Head Of State Claim The Benefit Of Immunities In Case An International Crime Has Been Committed?, Brigitte Stern

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

I propose to deal with a topic which is at the crossroads of what I see as the main tension in international law today. This is the tension-not to say more-between state sovereignty, on one side, and the protection of the human rights of individuals on the other.

Strategy In International Litigation, John Fellas

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The choice of forum in international litigation-which country's courts will hear the dispute--can be outcome determinative.

The Cards As A Payment Method And As A Financial Service In Spain: The Responsibility System, Immaculada Barral Vinals

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

It is not uncommon to hear credit cards referred to as "plastic money".

A Primer On International Environmental Law: Sustainability As A Principle Of International Law And Custom, Mark S. Blodgett, Richard J. Hunter, Hector R. Lozada

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

International environmental law draws from two important sources: international treaties and conventions' and customary international law.

East Asia Institutionalizes: China, Japan And The Vogue For Free Trade, Timothy Webster

Faculty Publications

In the past decade, East Asia has taken steps to increase regional integration. This paper examines the vogue for Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) currently raging in China and Japan. After mapping the regional links that knit East Asia together during the 1990s and 2000s, the focus then shifts to the specific trade agreements that China and Japan have signed. Both countries exhibit a particular FTA “style;” Japan has adopted a more orthodox and comprehensive approach to its treaties, while China has shown greater flexibility and gradualism when dealing with FTA partners. It is still unclear whether these efforts will lead …

Trademarks And The Beijing Olympics: Gold Medal Challenges, 7 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 433 (2008), Doris E. Long

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

There is no question that the Summer Olympics in Beijing pose a tremendous marketing opportunity. They also pose a great opportunity for the development of effective techniques for enforcing intellectual property rights. China has already enacted special regulations governing the protection of Olympic symbols and has established special regulations governing the enforcement of those regulations. Yet many of the cultural and political issues that impact China’s enforcement activities in other arenas (including counterfeiting and piracy of IP protected goods and services) remain problematic. Furthermore, while the Olympic symbols may be the subject of heightened protection, cultural perceptions of the differences …

International Commercial Arbitration And International Courts, Mark L. Movsesian

Faculty Publications

The editors of this symposium have asked us to address an interesting question. Why hasn't international commercial arbitration’s (ICA's) success been repeated in the context of international courts? In the last few decades, states have created scores of permanent tribunals with jurisdiction to resolve disputes about international law. By and large, though, states have not been as receptive to the rulings of these tribunals. What accounts for this comparative lack of hospitality? Why do states treat ICA and international adjudication so differently?

In this essay, I offer an explanation. States treat ICA and international adjudication differently because they are categorically …

Cuban Claims: Embargoed Identities And The Cuban-American Oedipal Conflict (El Grito De La Yuma), Jose M. Gabilondo

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Using The Unidroit Principles To Fill Gaps In The Cisg, John Y. Gotanda

Working Paper Series

The United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG) sets forth only a basic framework for the recovery of damages, thereby giving a court of tribunal broad authority to determine an aggrieved party’s loss based on circumstances of the particular case. Unfortunately, the lack of specificity has resulted in much litigation, and seemingly conflicting results. To remedy this problem, some have argued that the gaps in the CISG damages provisions should be filled with the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts. In this paper, I argue that the gap-filling rules of CISG preclude the UNIDROIT Principles from being …

Has India Addressed Its Farmers' Woes? A Story Of Plant Protection Issues, Srividhya Ragavan, Jamie Mayer O'Shields

Faculty Scholarship

The paper examines issues relating to establishing breeders rights in developing nations by taking India as an example. At the outset, the paper examines the international obligations relating to protecting plant breeder’s rights by examining the requirements under Article 27.3 of the TRIPS agreement. In doing so, the paper examines analyzes what amounts to an effective sui generis system as required under TRIPS.

Further, the paper analyzes the constituents of the models currently touted by developed nations and outlined under the Union for Plant Variety Protection (UPOV, 1991) to determine the model’s ability to fulfill the TRIPS requirement. In determining …

A Study Of Interest, John Y. Gotanda

Working Paper Series

In recent years, a number of tribunals, mainly those deciding investment disputes, have re-examined traditional practices concerning the awarding of interest, particularly whether interest should be awarded at market rates and on a compounded basis. However, many tribunals deciding transnational contracts disputes continue to follow the practice of applying national laws on interest, which often results in the application of domestic statutory interest rates calling for a fixed rate of interest to accrue on a simple as opposed to compound basis. These statutory rates often do not change to reflect economic conditions and thus may under compensate or over compensate …

The Antinomies Of The (Continued) Relevance Of Icsid To The Third World, Ibironke T. Odumosu

San Diego International Law Journal

The international law on foreign investment is commonly accepted as one of the most controversial areas of international law. Not only does international investment law lack clear rules on investment promotion and protection, this area of the law has always generated opposing rules, and implicates divergent interests in the process. In the face of unclear rules, and against the backdrop of the need to protect foreign investment through the internationalization of investment dispute settlement, and the position that this will facilitate investment flows to Third World states, the World Bank established the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes …

Here There Be Pirates: How China Is Meeting Its Ip Enforcement Obligations Under Trips, Kate Colpitts Hunter

San Diego International Law Journal

This paper will examine whether China is meeting its obligations to protect IP rights under the TRIPS agreement, an international intellectual property trade agreement China acceded to upon joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). Moreover, it will address whether China's increased IP protection in law equals increased protection in fact. Part II will describe China's legal structure, its TRIPS obligations upon joining the WTO, and China's IP laws. Part III will discuss China's enforcement of these IP laws from the perspective of developed nations and from China's own perspective. Part IV includes suggestions on how China can improve its enforcement …

The Effects Of Domestic Legal Institutions On International Trade Flows, Yu Wang

ExpressO

The effects of institutions on international trade relations are of theoretical and practical interest. By following the research perspective that interprets institutions as the “rules of the game”, I suggest and study three domestic legal institutions---tenure system for judges, precedent law, and judicial review that supposedly have significant effects on international trade flows. My empirical tests show that both precedent law and judicial review have independent effects on bilateral trade volume while the proposed independent effect of tenured judge is unsupported. Moreover, my empirical evidences suggest that precedent law introduces its effect in a monadic fashion while judicial review (measured …