Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

Expanding The R2p Tool-Kit: New Political Possibilities And Attendant Legal Uncertainties, John Cerone

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The international community has begun to live up to its name. Dramatic legal and political developments of the past fifty years have greatly expanded the array of tools available for responding to grave human rights situations internal to members of the community, and have manifested an increased willingness to deploy those tools to further the human rights values of the community.

Nuclear Disarmament And The United Nations Disarmament Machinery, Alicia Godsberg

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The United Nations (U.N.) was formed as World War II was ending with the lofty goal of preventing the scourge of war from ever again engulfing the world in global conflict.

The Future Of International Criminal Justice: The Crucial Role Of The United States, Judge Richard Goldstone

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

Eight or nine years ago the American Bar Association honored the then President of Romania, Emil Constantinescu, at a luncheon during its annual meeting in Atlanta.

Protecting The Protectors Or Victimizing The Victims Anew? "Material Support Of Terrorism" And Exclusion From Refugee Status In U.S. And European Courts, Tom Syring

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

In recent years, the United States (U.S.) as well as European states have adopted numerous anti-terrorism laws based on concerns for national security, aimed at keeping persons with connections to terrorist networks out of the respective countries, or facilitating the forced return to their country of origin.

Property Of Self-Defense Targetings Of Members Of Al Qaeda And Applicable Principles Of Distinction And Proportionality, Jordan J. Paust

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The United States has engaged in the targeted killing of certain members of al Qaeda both within the theatre of an actual war in Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan, and outside the theatre of war as a matter of self-defense in areas such as Yemen, including the killing of United States national Anwar al-Awlaki in Yemen on September 30, 2011.'

Water Adequacy As An Essential Element For Empowering People, Nan Palmer, Ph.D.

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

"Water is essential for life."' Safe drinking water is so imperative that without it human beings can only survive for just two to four days; even less if compromised by ill health, heat, and other impinging conditions.

Facebook Frenzy Around The World: The Different Implications Facebook Has On Law Students, Lawyers, And Judges, Tal Harari

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

Over the last decade the use of social networking sites has swept the nation by providing users with the ability to "interact, connect, reconnect, communicate, and collaborate in various ways-such as through audio, words, pictures, or video-with friends, family, acquaintances, professional colleagues, and others."'

The Trillion- Dollar Question: Can Greece Be Saved?, Dominique Venetsanopoulos

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

What was once called the cradle of Western civilization is now known as the cradle of crisis.

Water, Workship, And Wisdom: Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge And The Human Right To Water, Rhett B. Larson

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

Water is used in ceremonies or as a symbol in nearly every religious community.

The 2012 Philip C. Jessup Internaional Law Moot Court Competition, The Republic Of Aprophe, The Federal Republic Of Rantania

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

On behalf of the Republic of Aprophe ("the Applicant") and the Federal Republic of Rantania ("the Respondent"), in accordance with Article 40(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, we have the honor to transmit to you an original of the Compromis for submission to the International Court of Justice of the Differences between the Applicant and the Respondent concerning the Mai-Tocao Temple, signed in The Hague, The Netherlands, on the twelfth day of September in the year two thousand eleven.

The 2012 Philip C. Jessup Internaional Law Moot Court Competition, The Republic Of Aprophe, The Federal Republic Of Rantania

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The present dispute concerns the Mai-Tacao Temple ["the Temple"] complex, located on the border of the parties to these proceedings, the Republic of Aprophe ["Aprophe"], the Applicant in these proceedings, and the Federal Republic of Rantania ["Rantania"], the Respondent.

The 2012 Philip C. Jessup Internaional Law Moot Court Competition, The Republic Of Aprophe, The Federal Republic Of Rantania

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The Republic of Aprophe ("Aprophe") and the Federal Republic of Rantania ("Rantania") hereby submit the present dispute to the International Court of Justice ("I.C.J.") pursuant to Article 40(1) of the Court's Statute, in accordance with the Compromis for submission to the I.C.J. of the differences concerning the Mai-Tocao Temple, signed in The Hague, The Netherlands, on the twelfth day of September in the year two thousand and eleven. Both States have accepted the jurisdiction of this Court pursuant to Article 36(1) of its Statute and Article XXV of the Peace Agreement of 1965.

Insider Trading In China: Compared With Cases In The United States, Greg Tzu Jan Yang

Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies

No abstract provided.

The Penalties For Piracy: An Empirical Study Of National Prosecution Of International Crime, Eugene Kontorovich

Faculty Working Papers

This Article examines the sentences imposed by courts around the world in prosecutions of Somali pirates captured on the high seas. Somali piracy has become perhaps the highest-volume area of international criminal law by national courts. As with other international crimes, international law is silent on the subject of penalties. The large number of parallel prosecutions of offenders from a single international "situation" offers an empirical window into the interactions between international and national law in municipal courts; into factors affecting punishment for international crimes and the hierarchy of international offenses; and of course into potential concerns with the current …

Litigating Palestine Before International Courts And Tribunals: The Prospects Of Success And Perils Of Failure, Victor Kattan

UC Law SF International Law Review

This Article examines the claim that United Nations (UN) membership will improve Palestine's ability to have recourse to international courts and tribunals. With the exception of seeking an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) upon a referral from the UN General Assembly or as a result of a request from a specialized agency, Palestine must be a state in order to become a party to the ICJ in a contentious case and in order to accede to the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Because admission to the UN is based on the assumption that the …

Reporters As Refugees: Applying United States Asylum Laws To Persecuted Journalists In Mexico, Katy Mann

UC Law SF International Law Review

In 2010, Jorge Luis Aguirre became the first known journalist from Mexico to receive asylum in the United States. Aguirre, like many of his colleagues, had received several threats to his life for reporting on the drug-related violence and government corruption in Mexico. In fact, since Felipe Calderon assumed the presidency in Mexico in December 2006, more than thirty journalists in the country have been murdered or have disappeared. Faced with the possibility of becoming the next casualty in the ongoing drug war, several Mexican journalists have fled to the United States to apply for asylum.

Although the United States …

The Nonjusticiability Of Palestine: Human Rights Litigation And The (Mis)Application Of The Political Question Doctrine, Gwynne Skinner

UC Law SF International Law Review

The Political Question Doctrine is a problematic and an often misused doctrine that prevents courts from fulfilling their Article III responsibilities. Nowhere is this misuse more prevalent than in human rights cases involving Palestine, and in particular, human rights cases alleging misconduct by the Israeli government or officials. This Article discusses in detail courts' decisions regarding the Political Question Doctrine raised in human rights litigation, and analyzes courts' decisions in such cases involving Palestine. It notes the stark difference in both outcome and analysis regarding cases against the PLO, Arab Bank, or others acting in Palestinian interests - all of …

Some Critical Thinking About A Human Rght To Water, Doug Donoho

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

Last year student members of the Inter-American Center for Human Rights organized a symposium focused on the incipient "international right to water."

The Opaque Future Of Tax Information Sharing Between The United States And China: An Analysis Of Bank Secrecy Laws And The Likelihood Of Entrance Into A Tax Information Exchange Agreement, Emily Wang

UC Law SF International Law Review

Offshore tax evasion and barriers to tax information exchange between countries have been an increasing problem for tax authorities around the globe. Since the launch of the Tax Information Exchange Agreement (TIEA) in 2002 by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United States and China have signed TIEAs with various other countries, but not with each other. This Note examines the possibility of China and the U.S. entering into a TIEA for the purpose of a better tax information exchange between the two countries.

This Note first explains the nature of offshore accounts tax evasion and the …

Applying The Doctrine Of Superior Responsibility To Corporate Officers: A Theory Of Individual Liability For International Human Rights Violations, Brian Seth Parker

UC Law SF International Law Review

With the Supreme Court set to hear Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petrol. Co., a principal means of seeking redress for corporate complicity in egregious international law violations under the Alien Tort Statute hangs in the balance. This Article examines the doctrine of superior responsibility, otherwise known as command responsibility, as a functional theory of liability in filling some of the gaps potentially left by Kiobel or by adding another arrow to the quiver if the Supreme Court refuses to grant corporations immunity. The doctrine of superior responsibility imposes liability on superiors when they knew or should have known about their …

Introduction To "Litigating Palestine: Can Courts Secure Palestinian Rights?", George Bisharat

UC Law SF International Law Review

This brief introduction outlines the premises of a conference entitled "Litigating Palestine: Can Courts Secure Palestinian Rights?" where two articles from this issue of the Hastings International and Comparative Law Review were first presented. The conference premises were: first, that Palestinians have human, civil, and collective national rights; second, that Israel has a lengthy and well-documented record of violating Palestinian rights; and third, that it is an empirical fact that a number of efforts have been launched to protect Palestinian rights in a number of court systems throughout the world. This being the case, it seems appropriate to evaluate these …

Transforming Accountability: A Proposal For Reconsidering How Human Rights Obligations Are Applied To Private Military Security Firms, Lauren Groth

UC Law SF International Law Review

This Article argues that there is an [a]ccountability gap within the legal frameworks that apply to private military security contractors (PMSCs) that has led to widespread impunity and human rights violations. Recent legal efforts to address the problem have been unsuccessful because they fail to consider and reflect the larger transformations taking place in international relations. This failure is, in essence, the [A]ccountability gap: international law no longer accurately reflects the nature of the realities it is meant to regulate, allowing those organizations which now hold power in global politics, yet are unrecognized by international law, to escape accountability. Thus, …

Face-Veil Bans And Anti-Mask Laws: State Interests And The Right To Cover The Face, Evan Darwin Winet

UC Law SF International Law Review

In the past decade, numerous nations have responded to the perceived threat of the Islamic face-veil (niqab) by taking steps to implement laws restricting the right to cover the face in public. France and Belgium have passed general bans. Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and several states of Australia have introduced similar measures. Syria, Egypt and Sweden have all passed laws banning face-veils in public schools. Many other nations and more local governments have considered anti-veil legislation or upheld the denial of basic services to citizens who cover their faces.

This Note begins with a historical approach to the practice …

International Surrogacy Contract Regulation: National Governments' And International Bodies' Misguided Quests To Prevent Exploitation, Emily Stehr

UC Law SF International Law Review

Over the past decade, a growing number pf American and European women have begun to travel to other countries, often developing countries, in search of surrogates. The surrogates are usually "gestational surrogates," meaning that the children to whom they give birth are conceived via in vitro fertilization. The children are thus genetically related to the commissioning parents, or to the commissioning men and third-party women who provide eggs, but not to the surrogate birth mothers. Uncertainty about the legality of such surrogacy contracts in the United States, and outright bans on the contracts in some European countries, fuel the "reproductive …

International Law And Limitations On The Exercise Of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction In U.S. Domestic Law, Dan E. Stigall

UC Law SF International Law Review

With the rise of transnational crime, domestic courts are increasingly called upon to make decisions, within the context of a national court and domestic legal system, which implicate international issues and the interests of other sovereign states. This Article explores the role of international law in U.S. law in the context of an area of law which marks the intersection between domestic law and international affairs: the exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction. The analysis demonstrates the continued force of international law in the body of U.S. domestic law which governs this realm and highlights both the advantages and dangers attendant to …

Penalty Clauses And The Cisg, Jack Graves

Scholarly Works

Commercial agreements often provide for “fixed sums” payable upon a specified breach. Such agreements are generally enforced in civil law jurisdictions. In contrast, the common law distinguishes between “liquidated damages” and “penalty” clauses, enforcing the former, while invalidating the latter as a penalty. The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) does not directly address the payment of “fixed sums” as damages, and the validity of “penalty” clauses has, traditionally, been relegated to otherwise applicable domestic national law under CISG Article 4. This traditional orthodoxy has recently been challenged—suggesting that the fate of a penalty clause …

Desde Quisqueya Hacia Borinquena: Experience And Visibility Of Immigrant Dominican Women In Puerto Rico: Violence, Lucha And Hope In Their Own Voices, Sheila I. Velez Martinez

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

According to the United Nations, (U.N.) more than 1.5 million Dominicans have migrated from the Island of La Espatiola, most living in the United States.

Citizenship And Marriage In A Globalizing World: Multicultural Families And Monocultural Nationality Laws In Korea And Japan, Erin Aeran Chung, Daisy Kim

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

This Article analyzes how individual and local attempts to address low fertility rates in Korea and Japan have prompted unprecedented reforms in monocultural nationality laws. Korea and Japan confront rapidly declining working-age population projections; yet, they have prohibited the immigration of unskilled workers, until recently in Korea's case, on the claim that their admission would threaten social cohesion. Over the past two decades, both countries have made only incremental reforms to their immigration policies that fall short of alleviating labor shortages and the fiscal burdens of maintaining a large elderly population. Instead, prompted by the growth of so-called multicultural families …

Jus Post Bellum In Iraq: The Development Of Emerging Norms For Economic Reform In Post Conflict Countries, Christina C. Benson

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

Finally emerging from decades of conflict and isolation, Iraq has endured three devastating wars, the demise of the Saddam Hussein regime, the end of international economic sanctions, and the protracted process of approving a constitution and forming a new democratically elected government. The nation’s emergence from war, and efforts to build the foundations of stable governance and economic growth, provides a fascinating case study for analyzing new international norms promoting the “rule of law” in post-conflict countries.

This paper addresses arguments that early legal and economic reforms implemented by the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) and the Iraqi Interim Government (IIG) …

Harmonization, But Not Homogenization: The Case For Cuban Autonomy In Globalizing Economic Reforms, Heather Shreve

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

Since 1959, Cuba has been an anomaly in the Western Hemisphere. From its fierce isolationism to its steadfast commitment to-communism and Fidel Castro, the Cuban model shunned many modern conventions and developments of the increasingly globalized world. However, in the last decade, subtle shifts in Cuban governance and control led some scholars to question if and how Cuba could participate in the modern, global economy. President Razil Castro answered the speculation in late 2010 with an announcement regarding Cuban economic modernization and, again, in 2011, as significant economic reforms were implemented. All of these changes beg the ultimate question: Can …