Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

Complicity In The Perversion Of Justice: The Role Of Lawyers In Eroding The Rule Of Law In The Third Reich, Cynthia Fountaine

St. Mary's Journal on Legal Malpractice & Ethics

A fundamental tenet of the legal profession is that lawyers and judges are uniquely responsible—individually and collectively—for protecting the Rule of Law. This Article considers the failings of the legal profession in living up to that responsibility during Germany’s Third Reich. The incremental steps used by the Nazis to gain control of the German legal system—beginning as early as 1920 when the Nazi Party adopted a party platform that included a plan for a new legal system—turned the legal system on its head and destroyed the Rule of Law. By failing to uphold the integrity and independence of the profession, …

Toolkit Or Tinderbox? When Legal Systems Interface Conflict, Christie S. Warren

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Modernity And The Law: A Late Twentieth Century View, Robert P. Burns

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

This Article explores Roberto Unger’s understanding of the specific significance that modernity has for law. It provides an account of the distinctions among customary law, bureaucratic law, the modern liberal rule of law ideal, and the unraveling of the rule of law in postliberal societies. It compares his views with those of other major theorists of modernity and with legal theorists. Finally, it discusses his speculations about then future developments and the relationship between central institutional and philosophical issues.

Legal System Network Effects And Global Legal Development, David C. Donald

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Law originates in local environments, yet can be transmitted globally or over time to new contexts and foreign or future users. At its origin, law arises in response to social needs, but once formalized it takes on a semantic life of its own in a network of users. A rule created in response to a random New York plaintiff could—with sufficient popularity—end up as the standard norm applied globally, regardless of its underlying suitability for specific local needs.

To better understand the consequence of these legal system network effects on global legal development, this Article applies Klausner’s network theory of …

Challenges To, And Manifesto For, Fact-Finding In A Time Of Disinformation, Agnés Callamard

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Liberal and democratic values are in jeopardy, as is the rules-based international system and the norms it embodies, both being subject to multiple attacks that, once taboo, now, quite to the contrary, are both claimed and carried out with pride. This Article assesses the current human rights environment from the perspective of a United Nations factfinder. The impact of technological advancement on the human rights framework and the process of evidence-gathering is discussed, particularly regarding the spread of misinformation. The Article concludes with a manifesto for fact-finding as a pathway to knowledge and justice.

Letter From The Editor, Brad A. Rocheville

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Masthead

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

International "Constitutions" And Comparative Constitutional Law, Michael Da Silva

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Many legal scholars and jurists see a particular document or a collection of documents as a means of constitutionalizing international law. The Charter of the United Nations is a prime example. Based on this, comparisons are made between international law and domestic constitutional orders, and these comparisons are sometimes used to decide cases. However, there is reason to question whether the international legal order has enough features of domestic constitutional orders to justify judicial comparison between the international legal order and domestic constitutional orders. The ongoing constitutionalization process is unlikely to produce an international legal order with sufficiently similar features …

The Rise Of Hybrid Warfare, Waseem Ahmad Qureshi

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

In the twenty-first century, wars are not declared or waged conventionally; instead, conflicts are instigated by clandestine agents using cyber tools, information operations, NGOs, nonstate actors, economic tools, propaganda, ambiguity, terrorism, and insurgency or rebel movements. In hybrid warfare, the lines between peacetime and wartime and between combatants and civilians are blurred. Further, systemic aggression is imposed on a targeted state using gray zones, nonlinear warfare, unrestricted warfare, unconventional warfare, and color revolutions to avoid attribution and possible retribution for the aggression. Hybrid warfare employs a wide array of power tools, ranging from political, economic, military, and civil to informational. …

A Second Chance On Earth: Understanding The Selection Process Of The Judges Of The Colombian Special Jurisdiction For Peace, Santiago Pardo Rodríguez

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

For over fifty years, Colombia has faced a bloody and cruel civil conflict. Some of the most conservative studies have estimated that the total death toll of the war may be 220,000. The weight of this number heavily lies on the civilian population. It is estimated that around 81% of those killed in the conflict are non-combatant civilians. This represents, according to the data collected by the government’s Center for National Memory, around 180,000 civilian victims. In other words, as a civilian, the probability of being a victim in the Colombian conflict was nine times higher than a military or …

Cross-Border Data Flows, The Gdpr, And Data Governance, W. Gregory Voss

Washington International Law Journal

Today, cross-border data flows are an important component of international trade and an element of digital service models. However, they are impeded by restrictions on cross-border personal data transfers and data localization legislation. This Article focuses primarily on these complexities and on the impact of the new European Union (“EU”) legislation on personal data protection—the GDPR. First, this Article introduces its discussion of these flows by placing them in their economic and geopolitical setting, including a discussion of the results of a lack of international harmonization of law in the area. In this framework, rule overlap and rival standards are …

A Keystroke Causes A Tornado: Applying Chaos Theory To International Cyber Warfare Law, Daniel Garrie, Masha Simonova

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

Cyber warfare today finds itself on the front page of the news daily. It is increasingly apparent that the cyber domain demands more guidance, with leaders opting for the deployment of cyber capabilities to bypass kinetic warfare norms. Proposed solutions abound, but none adequately address the specific features of cyber warfare that set it apart from traditional kinetic warfare. This Article argues that a new legal framework is necessary to properly address this problem, and such a doctrine should incorporate principles of chaos theory. Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics dealing with complex systems, with the most well-known example …

Constitutionalism And Africa's Agenda 2063: How To Build "The Africa We Want", John Mukum Mbaku

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

In 2013, Africans, under the leadership of the African Union, set out to develop a “strategic framework for the socio-economic transformation of the continent over the next 50 years.” This new development program was expected to “accelerate the implementation of past and existing continental initiatives for growth and sustainable development.” This transformative program, called Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, was officially adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in January 2015. The heart of this ambitious development initiative are seven aspirations, which Africans hope to achieve by the …

Kosovo's Controversial 100 Percent Tariff: An Analysis Of Its Imposition And The Issues Bleeding Into The Conflict Between Kosovo And Serbia, Ernira Mehmetaj

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

On November 6, 2018, Kosovo imposed a 10 percent tariff on products imported from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Later that month, on November 28, 2018, after Kosovo was denied membership in the International Criminal Police Organization, Kosovo increased the custom tariffs on Serbian and Bosnian goods from 10 to 100 percent. These actions resulted in a standstill of the European Union–mandated Belgrade-Pristina dialogue—a dialogue seeking to normalize the relations between the two states. Having the tumultuous history shared by Kosovo and Serbia as a backdrop, this Note analyzes the international agreements Kosovo is party to, specifically the Central European …

Prefatory Matter And Table Of Contents

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Nicolás Maduro’S Impunity Is A Foregone Conclusion: A Case For Replacing The Treaty-Based Rule Of Law Model With Universal Jurisdiction, Alec Waid

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

No abstract provided.

Foreword--Comparative Corporate Law & Governance, Dan W. Puchniak, Randall S. Thomas

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Despite the challenges posed by Covid-19, especially for the student editors of the Journal, this special issue has been published on time and has been superbly edited. On behalf of the authors, NUS Law, and the Law & Business Program of Vanderbilt Law School, we would like to express our sincere appreciation to the editor in chief, Joshua D. Minchin, and the entire editorial team of the Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law for their remarkable skill, effort, and dedication in these challenging times. Your performance gives us great hope that the future is extremely bright.

Reintegration Of Female Rape Survivors: The Overlooked Priority Of Transitional Justice In The Face Of Mass Wartime Rape, Layla Abi-Falah

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

While mass wartime rape has become a core characteristic of modern armed conflict, transitional justice mechanisms have continuously failed to bring about successful achievement of justice, reconciliation, and truth for female survivors. The abuse, exile, and humiliation of large numbers of female rape survivors by their families and communities leaves entire societies destabilized and susceptible to prolonged instability and state failure, thus obstructing attempts by transitional justice mechanisms to usher in long-lasting peace and stability. To achieve more successful post-conflict reconstruction, transitional justice mechanisms situated in the aftermath of wars marked by mass rape must first focus on the reintegration …

Business Trusts In China: A Reality Check, Lusina Ho

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Rise Of Business Trusts In Sustainable Neo-Innovative Economies, Lee-Ford Tritt, Ryan Scott Teschner

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

Corporate Social Responsibility, Casino Capitalism, And The Constitution Of Macau, Jason Buhi

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

America's New Covenant With Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Human Rights And Democracy Act Of 2019, Jason Buhi

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Introductory Note: Georgia V. Russia (European Court Of Human Rights), Milena Sterio

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

In a January 31, 2019 decision, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR, or Court) held that Russia, the respondent state, should pay Georgia, the applicant state, 10 million euros as just satisfaction for violations committed by Russia against Georgian nationals; these violations had previously been established in the Court's main judgment in 2014 (Georgia v. Russia). The Court also held that Georgia should distribute this amount to approximately fifteen hundred Georgian victims, which had been identified in the Court's main judgment in 2014. In this important decision, the ECtHR continued to build on its recent case law, in holding …

Table Of Contents, Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review, Vol. 3, Iss. 3

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

Nietzsche And The Law Of The “The Other”: The Jew In Refraction, Jeffrey Meyers

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

This article asks what Nietzsche might tell us about the possibility and conditions of having knowledge of the legal other or "the Other" in law. lthough not a familiar formulation, this line of inquiry must be permitted to take shape because it goes directly to the most basic theoretical conundrum of comparative law. This conundrum lies well beyond the moribund debate over the purported "commensurability'" or "incommensurability" of differing legal "systems" or "traditions. " Instead it takes comparative lawyers to task by asking them to explain how they might know, or hope to have knowledge of legal otherness. In this …

The History Of A Mystery: The Evolution Of The Law Of Unjust Enrichment In Germany, England And China, Steve Gallagher, Lin Siyi, Lutz-Christian Wolff

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The law of unjust enrichment, despite being recognized in all modern jurisdictions, remains controversial due to its complexities. This article examines the historical development of unjust enrichment in Germany, England, and China, arguing that the concept's simplicity and academic influence are root causes of ongoing doctrinal and practical challenges. The analysis critiques the single principle approach—whereby any unjustified enrichment must be returned—highlighting its failure to address diverse scenarios effectively. The article concludes that this flawed foundational concept, compounded by academic ambitions, has led to persistent issues across all three jurisdictions.

The Need For Certainty And Written Form In Land Sale Contracts In China: A Legal Reform Recommendation, Wei Wen

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

Despite the significance of land sale contracts, China's Contract Law (the supreme authority in contractual matters) fails to articulate whether written form is mandatory for land sale contracts as a prerequisite for contractual remedies. The result of this ambiguity is that urban and rural courts across China have delivered contradictory judgments on this matter, and Chinese claimants do not have clear rules or authorities to follow. This imposes unfairness on those claimants. This article examines and analyzes the uncertainty and its causes, reaching a conclusion that the solution to addressing the nationwide uncertainty is a legal reform-Contract Law should articulate …

State Intent Under International Law, Stephen Townley

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The question of legislative intent has long been a topic of intense scholarly focus in the United States. There has also been a recent uptick in discussion of executive branch intent with the filing of highprofile lawsuits predicated upon allegations of improper motives. However, there has been no corollary effort to unpack the concept of state intent at the international level, where it arises with respect to such varied questions as how to understand the scope of a state's consent, whether a state should be deemed to be negotiating in good faith, and whether a state has engaged in genocide. …

Are We In Good Hands? A Comparative Analysis Of Compensation Schemes Concerning Catastrophes And Their Administrative Structure, Yi Ming Zeng

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The note critiques the administrative structure of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund (VCF), highlighting its limitations in providing equitable and transparent compensation. It proposes integrating elements from Germany's and Japan's administrative systems to address these shortcomings and improve future disaster compensation schemes in the U.S.

Terrorist Victim Or Perpetrator?: Foreign Solutions To Challenges Posed By The U.S.’S Terrorist Bars To Asylum, Stephanie Blum, Nadav Morag

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

This article analyzes the challenges presented by the U.S.'s Terrorism-Related Inadmissibility Grounds ("TRIG") for asylum applicants and looks overseas for potential solutions. TRIG is the method by which the U.S. government bars terrorists and those who materially support terrorism from obtaining asylum and related protections. TRIG, however, is overbroad and inefficient, encompassing terrorist victims who currently pose and never posed any threat to U.S. security. Specifically, TRIG does not consider duress, or the provision of trivial support, when analyzing whether applicants should be barred from asylum because of material support of terrorism. Additionally, current law defines a terrorist organization for …