Business Organizations Law Commons^™

Sprawa Microsoft – Studium Przypadku. Prawo Konkurencji Na Rynkach Nowych Technologii, Dawid Miąsik, Tadeusz Skoczny, Małgorzata Surdek

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

Trzecia publikacja z serii „Studiów i Monografii Antymonopolowych i Regulacyjnych”, będąca pokłosiem warsztatu zorganizowanego przez CARS i Kancelarię CMS Cameron McKenna w listopadzie 2007 r. – bezpośrednio po wydaniu przez Sąd Pierwszej Instancji w dniu 17 września 2007 r. wyroku w sprawie Microsoft v. Komisja.

Wyrok w sprawie Microsoft stał się okazją do szerszej dyskusji nad dwoma podstawowymi zagadnieniami prawnymi: relacjami między prawem konkurencji a prawami własności intelektualnej oraz zakresem dopuszczalności (z punktu widzenia reguł ochrony konkurencji) integracji produktów. Ponadto, orzeczenie w sprawie Microsoft skłoniło do refleksji nad jego znaczeniem nie tylko dla giganta komputerowego, ale także dla innych innowacyjnych …

The Intersection Between Finance And Intellectual Property: Trade Secrets, Hedge Funds, And Section 13(F) Of The Exchange Act, Erin E. Martin

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

Cftc Regulation 1.59 Fails To Adequately Regulate Insider Trading, Gary Rubin

NYLS Law Review

No abstract provided.

Telecommunications Regulation In Poland, Stanisław Piątek (Red.)

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

This book examines and offers critical comments on the evolution of national law and regulatory practice concerning the telecommunications sector in Poland. The Telecommunications Law Act was promulgated in 2004 with the intention of finally harmonizing the institutional and substantive laws regulating Polish telecommunications with the EU regulatory framework on electronic communications. The analysis of the compliance with, adaptations to and deviations from the standard rules of the EU regulatory framework is an important part of this book. The contributions cover selected elements of Poland’s regulatory practice that were of special importance for the development of the national telecommunications market …

The Pension Protection Act Of 2006: An Overview Of Sweeping Changes In The Law Governing Retirement Plans, 40 J. Marshall L. Rev. 843 (2007), Craig C. Martin, Joshua Rafsky

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Business Implications Of Divergences In Multi-Jurisdictional Merger Review By International Competition Enforcement Agencies, W. Adam Hunt

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Antitrust and competition laws lie at the nexus of international law and business. Since 1890, antitrust law has expanded from its origins of regulating trusts in the United States to what is now a global body of law. However, this expansion has not come without drawbacks. As the number of worldwide competition review and enforcement agencies in both developing and developed nations continues to increase, multinational businesses contemplating mergers are faced with growing uncertainty and transaction costs. These escalating costs have led business community leaders to conclude "that greater harmonization of merger law enforcement, at both the substantive and the …

Microsoft Tying Consumers' Hands - The Windows Vista Problem And The South Korean Solution, Daniel J. Silverthorn

Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review

Currently, more than ninety percent of the world's PCs operate under Windows. To cement its market power, Microsoft has engaged in controversial business practices. Those practices have led to adverse antitrust decisions in the United States, the European Union (EU), and South Korea. Many of these decisions, both judicial and administrative, revolve around Microsoft's bundling, or "tying," of certain subsidiary applications with the Windows operating system, including Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player. In doing so, Microsoft arguably gains a greater than deserved market share with these bundled applications, inhibiting fair competition in the software marketplace. The United States, EU …

Software Development As An Antitrust Remedy: Lessons From The Enforcement Of The Microsoft Communications Protocol Licensing Requirement , William H. Page, Seldon J. Childers

Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review

An important provision in each of the final judgments in the government's Microsoft antitrust case requires Microsoft to "make available" to software developers the communications protocols that Windows client operating systems use to interoperate "natively" (that is, without adding software) with Microsoft server operating systems in corporate networks or over the Internet. The short-term goal of the provision is to allow developers, as licensees of the protocols, to write applications for non-Microsoft server operating systems that interoperate with Windows client computers in the same ways that applications written for Microsoft's server operating systems interoperate with Windows clients. The long-term goal …

Regulacja Rynków Telekomunikacyjnych, Stanisław Piątek

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

Publikacja pod redakcją prof. Stanisława Piątka jest pierwszą książką z serii „Studia i Monografie Antymonopolowe i Regulacyjne” CARS. Jest zbiorem artykułów przygotowanych przez grono specjalistów z zakresu prawa i ekonomii regulacji telekomunikacyjnej, przez co prezentuje wielostronne spojrzenie na proces regulacji hurtowych i detalicznych rynków telekomunikacyjnych. Zawiera też analizy głównych problemów regulacji w układzie horyzontalnym na wszystkich rynkach poddanych regulacji.

A Complete Property Right Amendment, John H. Ryskamp

ExpressO

The trend of the eminent domain reform and "Kelo plus" initiatives is toward a comprehensive Constitutional property right incorporating the elements of level of review, nature of government action, and extent of compensation. This article contains a draft amendment which reflects these concerns.

Corporate Investigations, Attorney-Client Privilege, And Selective Waiver: Is A Half-Privilege Worth Having At All?, Colin P. Marks

Faculty Works

As the title suggests, this article is an analysis of the selective waiver doctrine, which allows a party to disclose materials protected by the attorney-client and work product privileges to the government during investigations without waiving the privilege as to third-party litigants. Specifically, the article analyzes the development of the selective waiver doctrine and why recent polices adopted by governmental agencies, specifically the Department of Justice and SEC, have made this doctrine a forefront of conversation amongst litigators, legislators and academics. But is a blanket adoption of the selective waiver doctrine wise?

Courts have taken a variety of approaches to …

Re-Thinking Securities Regulation: A Comparative Study Of Asx, Nyse, And Sgx , Benedict Sheehy

ExpressO

This article approaches the issue of securities regulation starting with an examination of the nature and role of markets and financial markets. It next outlines the various arguments for and against regulation, and then looks at approaches taken by markets and their regulators. The approaches are government regulation, self-regulation and co-regulation, and the structural changes via demutualization and corporate governance. With this background, it turns to examine how these approaches have played out in the markets themselves. The article surveys the regulatory aspects of the ASX, NYSE and the SGX, and reviews the regulatory and financial performance of the markets. …

China-Australia Free Trade Agreement New Icing On An Old Cake-An Opportunity For Fair Trade?, Benedict Sheehy, Jackson N. Maogoto

ExpressO

The on-going challenge in economic development and globalization, particularly for developing countries, is the issue of development and equality in society. The issue becomes particularly problematic when confronted in matters of international trade. Often misnamed anti-globalization activists and pro-globalization activists fail to take note of the underlying assumptions that lead them to conflict—namely, the actual costs and benefits to society that result from their particular positions. In essence, both activists are searching for ways to improve the lives of people in the domestic context and to minimize the damage to their society and environment. China’s impressive economic record is threatened …

Corporations And Social Costs: The Wal-Mart Case Study, Benedict Sheehy

ExpressO

This article examines the role of the corporate vehicle in the creation of social costs. The article identifies some of the political commitments and philosophies behind the differing notions of corporations. Social costs are those activities which result from business activity and cause uncompensated harm to society. The founding contribution to the law and economics discussion by Ronald Coase is given a thorough treatment. The paper next, turns to the dominant explanation of corporate structure, namely the law and economics model developed expounded by Easterbrook and Fischel. It then applies the theoretical discussion in a case study of the world’s …

Un-Fair Trade As Friendly Fire: The Australia-Usa Free Trade Agreement, Benedict Sheehy

ExpressO

Trade, economists and trade theorists advise, is a mutually beneficial exercise. Among this group, a particular set of advocates, claim that “Free Trade” is in the interest of all parties. As will be demonstrated, Free Trade is not truly “free” but an exercise of foreign policy and the implementation of policies favouring wealthy corporate interest groups. Free Trade is controlled by wealthy nations who have stacked the rules in favour of themselves, and in particular their corporate interests, and against the poor producers in poor nations. This control is used contrary to fairness, economic and ecological logic. Fair trade, by …

Data Privacy, Data Piracy: Can India Provide Adequate Protection For Electronically Transferred Data?, Vinita Bali

ExpressO

As the wave of outsourcing to India swells, there is growing concern about the inadequacies of the India legal system in protecting data being transferred to it from other nations for the purpose of processing. India has a smattering of laws that scantily address the issue of data privacy. Under pressure from the business processing industry in India, as well as from the European Union and other nations, it is but a matter of time before India adopts a slate of laws that address the issue of data protection. Once these laws are enacted, the main issue that remains is …

Bond Repudiation, Tax Codes, The Appropriations Process And Restitution Post-Eminent Domain Reform, John H. Ryskamp

ExpressO

This brief comment suggests where the anti-eminent domain movement might be heading next.

Global Pharmaceutical Patent Law In Developing Countries- Amending Trips To Promote Access For All, Angela J. Anderson

ExpressO

This comment will analyze the need to amend and revise the current global pharmaceutical patent system under TRIPS to take into account the needs of developing countries and overall public health. This comment will emphasize that the current international trade rules, which although administered by the WTO, are dictated by developed country governments and powerful pharmaceutical companies, and therefore, without reform will further diminish the access of poor people in developing countries to vital medicines. Part II of this comment will provide a general overview of the international trade law governing patents on pharmaceuticals focusing specifically on the development of …

Global Pharmaceutical Patent Law In Developing Countries- Amending Trips To Promote Access For All, Angela J. Anderson

ExpressO

This comment will analyze the need to amend and revise the current global pharmaceutical patent system under TRIPS to take into account the needs of developing countries and overall public health. This comment will emphasize that the current international trade rules, which although administered by the WTO, are dictated by developed country governments and powerful pharmaceutical companies, and therefore, without reform will further diminish the access of poor people in developing countries to vital medicines. Part II of this comment will provide a general overview of the international trade law governing patents on pharmaceuticals focusing specifically on the development of …

Always Low Prices, Always At A Cost: A Call To Arms Against The Wal-Martization Of America, 40 J. Marshall L. Rev. 267 (2006), Justin R. Watkins

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Shareholders' Rights To A Cause Of Action Under The Investment Company Act Of 1940 Following Exxon Mobil V. Allapattah, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1521 (2006), Renee Labuz

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Antitrust & Hospital Mergers: Does The Nonprofit Form Affect Competitive Substance?, Thomas L. Greaney

All Faculty Scholarship

Following a string of government losses in cases challenging hospital mergers in federal court, the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice issued their report on competition in health care seeking to set the record straight on a number of issues that underlie the judiciary's resolution of these cases. One such issue is the import of nonprofit status for applying antitrust law. This essay describes antitrust's role in addressing the consolidation in the hospital sector and the subtle influence that the social function of the nonprofit hospital has had in merger litigation. Noting that the political and social context …

Do Reverse Payment Settlements Violate The Antitrust Laws, Christopher M. Holman

Faculty Works

The term "reverse payment" has been used as shorthand to characterize a variety of diverse agreements between patent owners and alleged infringers that involve a transfer of consideration from the patent owner to the alleged infringer. Reverse payment settlements are particularly associated with drug patent challenges mounted by generic drug companies under the Hatch-Waxman Act. Many, including the Federal Trade Commission, would characterize these agreements as antitrust violations. However, courts have generally declined to find these agreements in violation of the antitrust laws based solely on the presence of a reverse payment.

This article begins in Section II with an …

Atomism And The Private Merger Challenge, Paul Stancil

Faculty Scholarship

This Article explores the implications of allowing private parties to challenge mergers and acquisitions under the antitrust laws. It highlights a number of relatively recent developments in antitrust law that suggest an increase in private merger challenges in the future, and it identifies antiquated time of suit doctrines that may lead to inefficient and/or frivolous antimerger filings. It concludes by proposing several significant changes to the existing legal regime: (1) limited fee-shifting; (2) rigid time-of-suit deadlines; (3) single damages; and (4) limits on the use of postacquisition evidence to establish liability. Taken together, these reforms will allow private parties to …

Breaking The Bank: Revisiting Central Bank Of Denver After Enron And Sarbanes-Oxley, Celia Taylor

ExpressO

No abstract provided.

From "Federalization" To "Mixed Governance" In Corporate Law: A Defense Of Sarbanes-Oxley, Robert B. Ahdieh

Faculty Scholarship

Since the very moment of its adoption, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been subject to a litany of critiques, many of them seemingly well-placed. The almost universal condemnation of the Act for its asserted 'federalization' of corporate law, by contrast, deserves short shrift. Though widely invoked - and blithely accepted - dissection of this argument against the legislation shows it to rely either on flawed assumptions or on normative preferences not ordinarily acknowledged (or perhaps even accepted) by those who criticize Sarbanes-Oxley for its federalization of state corporate law.

Once we appreciate as much, we can begin by replacing …

Injunctions Against Liquidation In Trade Remedy Cases: A Petitioner's View, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 45 (2005), Jeffrey M. Telep

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Adjudicating International Trade Cases At The U.S. Commerce Department: Endless Remand Or Balanced Resolve?, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev. 59 (2005), Elizabeth C. Seastrum, Matthew D. Walden

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Choosing Among Antitrust Liability Standards Under Incomplete Information: Assessments Of And Aversions To The Risk Of Being Wrong, Barbara Ann White

All Faculty Scholarship

This essay analyzes the three papers presented on a panel I organized as chair of the AALS Antitrust Section entitled Evolving Antitrust Treatment of Dominant Firms for the 2005 Annual Meetings. Steve Salop’s and Doug Melamed’s papers recommend standards for government intervention while David McGowan argues why the government should not.

I create a framework within which to understand the three papers’ relationship to each other, by building on McGowan’s characterization of courts’ antitrust decisions. Since antitrust decisions are based on inherently incomplete real world information, they are subject to “error costs”: Courts are at risk of “false positives” (finding …

Conflicts Credentialing: Hospitals And The Use Of Financial Considerations To Make Medical Staffing Decisions, James W. Marks, Jayme R. Matchinski

William Mitchell Law Review

The emerging practice of conflicts credentialing represents a significant change in the economic and professional interests of physicians and in the relationship between medical staffs and hospitals. In this article, the authors explain the interrelationship between the authority of hospitals and medical staffs to manage their respective affairs and the legal developments that have led toward conflicts credentialing. The authors next discuss the medical community’s reaction to conflicts credentialing and the legal challenges facing the use of economic factors in physician credentialing.