Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons^™

Interlocking Directorates: A Study In Desultory Regulation

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Lectures On Federal Antitrust Laws, University Of Michigan Law School

Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law

The papers delivered at the 1953 Institute deal chiefly with current problems and policy questions under three major federal antitrust laws - the Sherman Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act, and the Clayton Act, including the Robinson-Patman Amendment. These statutes affect the daily operations of all sizes and types of American business. Judicial interpretations and the administration and enforcement of these laws involve both legal and economic criteria and tests of competition and monopoly. The Institute provided a forum for authoritative analysis of these aspects in order to create a better understanding of the antitrust laws as one of the …

Integration And Dissolution Of The A & P Company, Joel B. Dirlam, Alfred E. Kahn

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Diminishing Applicability Of The Antitrust Laws In Regulated Industry: Congress, The Courts And The Agencies

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Dissolution, Divorcement, Divestiture: The Pyrrhic Victories Of Antitrust, Walter Adams

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Antitrust Laws And The Right To Know, Philip Marcus

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Moving Picture Anti-Trust Cases, Thomas F. Broden

Journal Articles

United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., et al. involves a consideration by the Supreme Court of The United States of the guilt of a vast segment of the nation-wide movie industry of a district court conviction of re- straining and monopolizing interstate trade in the distribution and exhibition of films. Not only were the violations of the Sherman Act by the largest moving picture film distributors of the country in issue, but a more difficult problem, that of what to do about the violations, was presented to the Supreme Court for its consideration.

From a reading of the majority opinion …

A New Phase Of The Antitrust Law, Robert W. Harbeson

Michigan Law Review

The divergence between the economic and legal concepts of monopoly and the consequences thereof have been emphasized by various writers in recent years. Monopoly in economics means control of the market; that is, the ability of a seller by increasing or decreasing his output to affect the price of the product sold. Moreover, monopoly is recognized as being a matter of degree, depending upon the number of buyers and sellers of a commodity and the availability of adequate substitutes, ranging from pure monopoly through duopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. By contrast, as Professor Mason has pointed out, "The term monopoly …

Functional Discounts Under The Robinson-Patman Act, Fred Bartenstein, Jr.

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Antitrust During National Emergencies: Ii, Thomas K. Fisher

Michigan Law Review

The effects of the Depressions of 1893 and 1929, the Panic of 1907, and World War I upon the enforcement and substantive content of the antitrust law were examined in the first part of this article. Because of the change in government policy toward the law as effected in the early months of the Roosevelt administration, the Depression of 1929 was divided into the years under the Hoover administration and the years under the Roosevelt administration. We have noted that during the former period only twenty-five actions were brought to enforce the law. The legislative policy of that administration in …

General Motors Acceptance Corporation And The Sherman Act

Indiana Law Journal

Notes and Comments: Trade Regulation

Federal Courts - Federal Rules Of Civil Procedure - Rule 12(E) - Motion For Bill Of Particulars, Oliver B. Crager

Michigan Law Review

The United States brought an action against defendants, movie distributors and producers, for alleged conspiracies and monopolies in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Defendants moved for a more definite statement or a bill of particulars under federal rule 12 (e). Held, bill of particulars allowed as to demands seeking ultimate facts, denied as to demands seeking evidentiary matter. United States v. Schine Chain Theatres, (D. C. N. Y. 1940) 1 F. R. D. 205.

Price Fixing Agreements And The Sherman Act

Indiana Law Journal

Notes and Comments: Trade Regulation

Some Problems In The Enforcement Of The Antitrust Laws, Wendell Berge

Michigan Law Review

There has been much discussion through the years about the evils of monopoly, monopolistic practices, and unreasonable restraints of trade. We have always paid lip service to the ideal of free competition. But we have done little in this country to cope with these evils. We have done little to make our competitive ideal effective.

Price Competition As Affected By The Robinson-Patman Act, Edward Burling, Jr., William Dubose Sheldon

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Patents - Right Of Patentee To Restrict Manufacture, Use, And Sale Of Patented Device, Collins E. Brooks

Michigan Law Review

The patent laws of the United States grant to a patentee the "exclusive right to make, use, and vend the invention or discovery . . . throughout the United States and the Territories thereof . . . . " Much litigation has arisen over the extent of the monopoly thus granted a patentee, but even at this late date it is not too clearly defined. The question came up anew in the case of General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co., where the owner of a patent on a device used in sound reproduction and broadcast reception had …

Trade Restraints - Constitutionality Of Statute Prohibiting Price Discrimination By Purchasers - "Actual Cost'' Provision Vague And Indefinite, Robert Meisenholder

Michigan Law Review

Defendant was charged with violating a statute which provided that purchasers of certain farm products for manufacture or resale should not discriminate in prices between sections and between individual sellers. The statute required the purchaser to deduct full transportation costs from the purchase price paid or to deduct the actual costs of hauling from the point of purchase to the locality of manufacture or resale. No definition of actual cost was set out. Held, two justices dissenting, the term "actual cost" was so vague and indefinite that the statute denied due process of law. State v. Northwest Poultry & …

Unfair Competition - Unauthorized Broadcasts Of Baseball Games, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

The Pittsburgh Athletic Club sold to sponsors the exclusive right to broadcast the home baseball games of the Pittsburgh Pirates. The sponsors contracted with the National Broadcasting Corporation for the use of two stations. Station KQV, knowing of this arrangement, posted observers on leased premises outside and overlooking the ball park and proceeded to broadcast play-by-play accounts of the games. Each admission ticket contained a stipulation that the holder was not to transmit or aid in transmitting reports of the games outside the park. The athletic club, the sponsors, and the N.B.C. jointly brought an action for an injunction against …

The Evolution And Devolution Of Public Utility Law, Edwin C. Goddard

Michigan Law Review

As long ago as 1873, and very likely even earlier, courts were speaking of the public utility in the sense of the public convenience or advantage, a New Jersey court saying, "these prerogatives (of railway corporations) are grants from the government, and public utility is the consideration for them." This has been often quoted by other courts, notably by your Judge Atherton in the famous case of Scofield v. Railway in 1885. But the term "public utility'' as applied to plants or corporations rendering a public service is very new. It is not to be found in the 1904 edition …

Intercorporate Stockholding Under Section 7 Of The Clayton Act

Michigan Law Review

It is notorious that the Clayton Act was passed in response to misguided popular agitation based upon erroneous notions as to the scope and effect of the Sherman Anti-Trust Law, and in fulfilment of, campaign promises voiced not only by Wilson, but embodied in the platforms of all three political parties in 1912. Stevens, "The Federal Trade Commission Act," 4 AMER. ECON. REV. 840; "The Clayton Act," 5 ibid. 38; Henderson, THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, p. 16; Barrett, "The Federal Trade Commission," 81 CENT. L. J.; 166-171, 183-189, 201-207; Taft, THE ANTI-TRUST ACT AND THE SUPREME COURT. Even without the …

Some Questions Involved In The Application Of The "Public Interest" Doctrine, Dexter Merriam Keezer

Michigan Law Review

It is just fifty years since the United States Supreme Court, in the now famous case of Munn v. Illinois, first gave sanction in this country to the doctrine that an enterprise may become "affected with a public interest," and in consequence be subject to public regulation. During the half century which has followed the decision in that case, the application of the doctrine has been steadily expanded, bringing within its scope an increasing range and diversity of enterprises. There is basis in economic fact for the belief that the classification of enterprises held to be "affected with a …

Unfair Competition-Fixing Resale Price

Michigan Law Review

With the development of our economic structure new problems have constantly arisen to harass the governmental agencies which have sought to protect the public from being dominated by successful traders. Apprehension of the dangers of monopolistic control have lead both courts and legislative bodies to place a ban upon attempts to create monopolies by artificial combinations. The purpose was to give the people a market in which prices would be controlled by the relation of supply to demand, by forcing independent tradesmen into competition with each other. The effect of this plan was to delay the coming of a time …

Survivor Of Actions Under The Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Michigan Law Review

The question of survival of actions ex delicto following the death of a party thereto has caused no small amount of litigation, and in actions under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, due to the large sums that are always involved and a consequent desire on the part of the plaintiff to reach all possible sources of compensation, the problem assumes a peculiar importance. Section 7 of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act simply provides that, "Any person who shall be injured in his business or property by any other person or corporation by reason of anything forbidden or declared to be unlawful by …

The Commodity Clause Of The Hepburn Act, Edwin C. Goddard

Articles

The Supreme Court of the United States has added another to the interesting line of cases construing the so-called "Commodity Clause" of the HEPBURN ACT of 1906. In United States v. Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Co. and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Coal Co., decided on June 21, 1915, 35 Sup. Ct. 873, the court reversed the decree of the District Court as reported in 213 Fed. 240, and found the relation and contract between the Railroad Company and the Coal Company to be in violation of the HEPBURN ACT and the SHERMAN ACT.

New Interpretation Of The Sherman Act, Clarence E. Eldridge

Michigan Law Review

What has been said in the preceding part of this discussion addresses itself to the proposition that the SHERMAN Act does not mean what the District Court assumed it to mean. Naturally, such a negative discussion must be preliminary to a consideration of the more .comprehensive question "What does the SHERMAN ACT mean?" For, of course, even if the theory of the law upon which the District Court based its judgment was erroneous, still that fact would be of little or no practical importance if any tenable theory of the law were to justify the judgment.

The Standard Oil Decision: The Rule Of Reason, Horace Lafayette Wilgus

Articles

After twenty-one years the Sherman Anti Trust Act has been applied to the typical combination restraining interstate commerce, which that act was designed to prevent.

New Doctrine Concerning Contracts In Restraint Of Trade, Jerome C. Knowlton

Articles

Is a covenant in restraint of a particular trade and unlimited as to space against public policy and therefore void and unenforceable? Long ago an English judge, in speaking of the making of contracts, protested against arguing too strongly upon public policy. "It is a very unruly horse, and, when once you get astride it, you never know where it will carry you."1 Right he was and is, and the judge who would keep his saddle must be a good rider, for the horse shies badly on the way at every new condition in trade and commerce, occasioned by recent …

Case Of The Monopolies Some Of Its Results And Suggestions, Sydney T. Miller

Michigan Law Review

Apparently the monopolistic idea is as old as the history of man. That great and good man, Job, may be counted as the earliest recorded "trust-buster," if we read between the lines of his story, and Solomon said, "He that withholdeth corn, the people shall curse him; but blessing shall be upon the head of him that selleth it." Doubtless, by exhaustive search, we could find some record of attempts to monopolize during each century from Biblical days to the time of printing, and as surely there must have been a countermovement. But not until the last five hundred years …