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Animal Law Review

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Articles 61 - 90 of 451

Full-Text Articles in Animal Law

A Quantitative Study Of Denver's Breed-Specific Legislation, Sloane M. Hawes, Devrim Ikizler, Katy Loughney, Aurora Temple Barnes Esq., Justin F. Marceau, Philip Tedeschi, Kevin N. Morris Jan 2020

A Quantitative Study Of Denver's Breed-Specific Legislation, Sloane M. Hawes, Devrim Ikizler, Katy Loughney, Aurora Temple Barnes Esq., Justin F. Marceau, Philip Tedeschi, Kevin N. Morris

Animal Law Review

In August of 1989, the City and County of Denver, Colorado enacted legislation that prohibits the presence of all ‘pit bull-type dogs’ (PBTDs) within the city limits. In Denver, PBTDs are defined as: American pit bull terrier, American Staffordshire terrier, or Staffordshire bull terrier. In the thirty years the ‘pit bull ban’ has been in place, the City and County of Denver and its animal control agency, Denver Animal Protection, have committed substantial resources to removing PBTDs from the community, including patrolling communities and responding to complaints made by neighbors, conducting thorough breed evaluations of suspected PBTDs, and kenneling PBTDs …


The Meaning Of Meat, Jareb Gleckel, Sherry F. Colb Jan 2020

The Meaning Of Meat, Jareb Gleckel, Sherry F. Colb

Animal Law Review

Plant-based and cell-based meat companies are vying to take over the trillion-dollar meat industry—and, in recent years, they have gained momentum. Responding to consumer demand and widespread fear about global climate change, investors like Bill Gates, Richard Branson, and even Tyson Foods began investing in alternative meat. Beyond Meat became a publicly traded company and partnered with Dunkin’ Donuts, while Impossible Foods partnered with Burger King, bringing plant-based meat products into the mainstream. But many states with strong ties to animal agriculture have sought to impede the growth of the alternative-meat market. In August 2018, Missouri became the first state …


Pets As Property: Signs Of Change In The Law Of Judgment Collections, Sande L. Buhai Jan 2020

Pets As Property: Signs Of Change In The Law Of Judgment Collections, Sande L. Buhai

Animal Law Review

Americans are deeply connected to their companion animals, regardless of what protections the law affords animals. Because the law follows culture, recent legislative and judicial developments have begun to reflect the bonds formed between human and nonhuman animals. This Article first highlights how courts and society viewed animals in the twentieth century to the present day, focusing on how courts have struck a balance between protecting animals yet still classifying them as property. While the law still views companion animals as property, this Article highlights the interstitial “property-but-not-property” framework courts use to consider the interests of animals in debt collection …


The Archaic Attempts To Protect Nonhuman Suffering: Suggestions For The Advancement Of Legislative Regulation Of Online Depictions Of Animal Cruelty, Alana Van Gundy Jan 2020

The Archaic Attempts To Protect Nonhuman Suffering: Suggestions For The Advancement Of Legislative Regulation Of Online Depictions Of Animal Cruelty, Alana Van Gundy

Animal Law Review

The Internet is often used to disseminate acts of cruelty to nonhuman animals through social media postings, live feeds, remote-controlled Internet hunting, and industry videos, such as dogfighting and crush videos. Some state and federal laws regulate the depiction of animal cruelty online, either directly or indirectly. However, current statutory regulations do not fully address or completely prohibit the viewing, promoting, and depicting of animal cruelty online. Preventing Internet animal cruelty requires new or revised legislation encompassing the marketing, promoting, and depicting of online animal suffering. While more specific laws are necessary, legislators must consider numerous issues and potential ramifications …


Oversight Of Animal Raising Claims On Product Packaging: A Review Of Jurisdiction And Challenges To Label Claims, Erin Sutherland, Adrienne Craig Jan 2020

Oversight Of Animal Raising Claims On Product Packaging: A Review Of Jurisdiction And Challenges To Label Claims, Erin Sutherland, Adrienne Craig

Animal Law Review

This Article discusses federal and state oversight of label claims found on meat, poultry, egg, and dairy packaging and mechanisms for challenging misleading or false label claims. Part I introduces why label claims are so critical to animal welfare interests and discusses how false labeling and false advertising exacerbate the problem. Part II discusses the federal regulatory structure over animal-raising claims made on these products. Part III of this Article discusses state causes of action under consumer protection statutes. Part IV discusses the successes and failures public interest groups have had in challenging label claims and attempting to reform the …


Reputation, Regulatory Capture, And Reform: The Case Of New Zealand's Bobby Calves, Danielle Duffield Jan 2020

Reputation, Regulatory Capture, And Reform: The Case Of New Zealand's Bobby Calves, Danielle Duffield

Animal Law Review

In 2015, two animal rights organizations in New Zealand released undercover footage exposing widespread cruelty to some of the country’s most vulnerable, and invisible, farm animals: young male calves born into the dairy industry. The footage shocked the New Zealand public. In order to put pressure on the government to adopt meaningful reforms for the protection of these animals, an animal rights organization, Save Animals From Exploitation, placed advertisements in The Guardian highlighting the cruelty in the New Zealand dairy industry. The resulting publicity led to an unprecedented response from the regulating agency, the Ministry for Primary Industries, which swiftly …


Joining The Herd: A Case For Closing New Zealand's Domestic Ivory Market, Bianka Atlas Jan 2020

Joining The Herd: A Case For Closing New Zealand's Domestic Ivory Market, Bianka Atlas

Animal Law Review

This Article examines the evidence supporting the implementation of a domestic ivory trade ban in New Zealand, with the aim of informing policymakers and compelling the New Zealand government to act to establish a legal and policy framework. There is widespread support for the closure of domestic ivory markets worldwide, and this Article seeks to persuade New Zealand to join this groundswell.


People Who Hurt Animals Don't Stop With Animals: The Use Of Cross-Checking Domestic Violence And Animal Abuse Registries In New Jersey To Protect The Vulnerable, Emerald Sheay Jan 2020

People Who Hurt Animals Don't Stop With Animals: The Use Of Cross-Checking Domestic Violence And Animal Abuse Registries In New Jersey To Protect The Vulnerable, Emerald Sheay

Animal Law Review

This Note explores the link between domestic violence and animal abuse and argues that due to such a link, New Jersey should enact a publicly searchable, cross-checking animal abuse registry and a domestic violence registry. Numerous studies confirm the connection between domestic violence and animal abuse. By examining the scope and history of these abuses, and exploring the status of registries in various states, this Note aims to explain the problems these issues pose to our society. Enacting these registries in New Jersey could keep law enforcement aware of illegal activity, reveal child abuse, and prevent the online selling of …


2019 Foreign And International Legislative Review, Daryane Couto Jan 2020

2019 Foreign And International Legislative Review, Daryane Couto

Animal Law Review

This Review offers a review of foreign and international animal protection legislation enacted or proposed in the year 2019. Included are propositions by categorically international actors, such as CITES and the UN, for regulating international wildlife trade and drafting a high-seas conservation treaty. Additionally, this Review reports how some countries, such as Slovakia, Colombia, and the United Kingdom, are finally putting an end to cruel, archaic animal practices. Finally, the recognition of animal sentience in the Australian Capital Territory, and legislation that closes the gap in Canada’s Criminal Code, are addressed. Together, these changes in foreign and international animal law …


2019 State Legislative Review, Diego Alfonso Gutierrez, Benjamin Lee Cregger Jan 2020

2019 State Legislative Review, Diego Alfonso Gutierrez, Benjamin Lee Cregger

Animal Law Review

This Review examines the significant changes and additions to different states’ laws throughout 2019. Among those significantly affected by these changes are farm animals, wildlife, and companion animals. ‘Ag-Gag’ and ‘Right to Farm’ bills began to flourish, but opponents have seen success in challenging their constitutionality. Wild animals found protection in fur and trapping bans, in addition to bans on killing contests. Companion animals continue to gain legal and physical protection through strengthened cruelty laws. These are a few of the many bills, regulations, and laws that impacted animals in 2019. Although some protections and regulations have seen cuts and …


The Beginning Of The End For Belugas In Captivity In The United States, Megan E. Boyd Jan 2019

The Beginning Of The End For Belugas In Captivity In The United States, Megan E. Boyd

Animal Law Review

Beluga whales have been displayed in aquariums and zoos for decades, but the end of captive beluga displays in the United States is near, thanks to Georgia Aquarium v. Pritzker. In 2012, the Georgia Aquarium, on behalf of members of the beluga cooperative breeding program, applied to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for a special permit allowing the breeding cooperative to import eighteen beluga whales from Russia. After NMFS denied the permit, the Aquarium brought suit, arguing that NMFS’s denial was arbitrary and capricious and that without an influx of belugas, the United States captive beluga whale breeding program …


Animal Welfare Act: Excluded Animals, Michael Mcfadden, Sue Leary, Kathy Hessler Jan 2019

Animal Welfare Act: Excluded Animals, Michael Mcfadden, Sue Leary, Kathy Hessler

Animal Law Review

Michael McFadden discusses the Animal Welfare Act’s exclusion of farmed animals and possible reasons for their exclusion. He then briefly discusses welfare problems faced by farmed animals. He ends by describing the various ways in which consumers are showing increasing concern for farmed animals and how consumers, especially millennial consumers, are poised to force the agricultural industry to improve conditions for farmed animals. Sue Leary recounts the history of efforts to include rats, mice, and birds, in the AWA. Next, she explains the historical and contemporary issues with including common laboratory research animals under animal protection laws. She ends her …


Front Matter Jan 2019

Front Matter

Animal Law Review

Front Matter includes Title Page, Masthead, advisors, and Table of Contents for Animal Law Review Volume 25, Issue 3, 2019.


Five More Years For The Animals, David S. Favre Jan 2019

Five More Years For The Animals, David S. Favre

Animal Law Review

For Animal Law’s twenty-fifth anniversary edition, David S. Favre is back with an update on the state of animal law in the United States. This piece covers the new, the changeless, the good, and the bad of the animal legal landscape in the past five years, since Animal Law last asked Favre to write a review of animal law. An overview of new case law is discussed, as is a summary of newly passed state laws, mostly related to companion animals. Additionally, developments in the ever-expanding field of animal legal education are examined. This Article discusses changes in a variety …


Front Matter Jan 2019

Front Matter

Animal Law Review

Front Matter includes Title Page, Masthead, Advisors, and Table of Contents for Animal Law Review Volume 25, Issue 2, 2019.


The Animal Welfare Act At Fifty Conference At Harvard Law School Introduction, Delcianna Winders Jan 2019

The Animal Welfare Act At Fifty Conference At Harvard Law School Introduction, Delcianna Winders

Animal Law Review

Delcianna Winders introduces the Animal Welfare Act at Fifty Conference.


Paid In Full: Interpreting And Defining "Market Value" Under The Lacey Act, Max Birmingham Jan 2019

Paid In Full: Interpreting And Defining "Market Value" Under The Lacey Act, Max Birmingham

Animal Law Review

There is a circuit split on the definition of “market value” under the Lacey Act. Courts disagree whether the price of hunting guide services should be factored into calculating the market value of the wildlife hunted. But the purpose of the Lacey Act suggests a broad interpretation of market value which includes guide services. This Article proposes amending the Lacey Act to make clear the definition of market value in keeping with its original purpose.


Animal Welfare Act: Enforcement, Delcianna Winders, Varu Chilakamarri Jan 2019

Animal Welfare Act: Enforcement, Delcianna Winders, Varu Chilakamarri

Animal Law Review

Delcianna Winders discusses the Animal Welfare Act and how the United States Department of Agriculture enforces it. She also provides a critique of the USDA’s enforcement of the AWA, with particular attention to its heavy reliance on warnings and discounted penalties, which in many cases fail to deter regulated entities from violating the AWA. Varu Chilakamarri discusses how animal welfare issues are incorporated into the work of the Department of Justice (DOJ). She provides an overview of the AWA, noting the specific sections that provide for federal court review. Chilakamarri also discusses some of the programmatic steps the DOJ has …


It Takes A Village To Protect Its Pets: How To Empower Local Community Organizations In The Fight For Companion Animal Rights, Danielle Maddox Kinchen Jan 2019

It Takes A Village To Protect Its Pets: How To Empower Local Community Organizations In The Fight For Companion Animal Rights, Danielle Maddox Kinchen

Animal Law Review

This Note aims to provide a guide for state law reforms to ease the responsibility on southern states’ shelter, rescue, and foster systems. It employs a three-pronged strategy to address two main challenges for homeless companion animals—overpopulation and unprosecuted animal cruelty. The United States euthanizes an estimated 1.5 million companion animals annually in its companion animal shelters, largely due to overpopulation, and the South plays an exponentially larger role in this statistic than the North, with some southern cities annually euthanizing hundreds of thousands of companion animals each. Approximately 6.5 million companion animals enter shelters each year, and in addition …


Animal Law: The Next Generation, Joyce Tischler, Pamela Frasch Jan 2019

Animal Law: The Next Generation, Joyce Tischler, Pamela Frasch

Animal Law Review

The animal law movement and animal law education in law schools has been growing over the years. In this Article, prominent figures in the animal law world discuss this growth as well as changes that are expected within the next generation of animal law practice. The authors suggest important goals necessary to strengthen the movement in order to allow law students to access the resources needed to be powerful animal advocates for years to come.


The Struggle For The Legal Rights Of Nonhuman Animals Begins: The Experience Of The Nonhuman Rights Project In New York And Connecticut, Steven M. Wise Jan 2019

The Struggle For The Legal Rights Of Nonhuman Animals Begins: The Experience Of The Nonhuman Rights Project In New York And Connecticut, Steven M. Wise

Animal Law Review

Twenty-five years ago, in the first issue of Animal Law, the author offered an account of why legal rights do not need to be restricted to human beings. Here the author expands upon that account to provide a review of the ongoing struggle of the Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP) to obtain legal rights for nonhuman animals. The author outlines habeas corpus cases the NhRP has brought on behalf of chimpanzees and elephants in New York and Connecticut and provides a view of the New York and Connecticut Pet Trust Statutes, which grant domestic or pet animals the right to be …


A Quarter Of A Century Of Animal Law: Our Roots, Our Growth, And Our Stretch Toward The Sun, Nancy Perry Jan 2019

A Quarter Of A Century Of Animal Law: Our Roots, Our Growth, And Our Stretch Toward The Sun, Nancy Perry

Animal Law Review

This Article explores the author’s experience as one of the early student pioneers of the animal law program at Lewis & Clark Law. The author discusses her work on the Oregon Cougar and Bear Initiative as a introduction to the power of the ballot initiatve process. The Article then recounts the progress that has been made by animal advocates via federal and state legislation and ballot measures, as well as the setbacks driven by industry interest. It concludes with a discussion of the need for a good defense as industry interests attempt to roll back the progress made by animal …


2018 Federal Legislative Review, Anna Fugate Jan 2019

2018 Federal Legislative Review, Anna Fugate

Animal Law Review

2018 was a slow year for federal animal law legislation. Congress only signed the Endangered Salmon Predation Prevention Act into law, and that law permits the killing of sea lions to protect endangered salmon and steelhead populations. While Congress considered other animal legislation, none of this proposed legislation made it out of Congressional Committees and Subcommittees.


Animal Welfare Act: Welfare Standards, Cathy Liss, Kimberly Ockene, Naomi Rose, Georgia Hancock Snusz, Anna Frostic Jan 2019

Animal Welfare Act: Welfare Standards, Cathy Liss, Kimberly Ockene, Naomi Rose, Georgia Hancock Snusz, Anna Frostic

Animal Law Review

Cathy Liss discusses the changes to the standards after the 1985 Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals amendment to the AWA and the emphasis of performance standards that were implemented. Kimberly Ockene discusses the AWA regulations for commercial dog breeders and a petition for rulemaking that seeks to enhance these regulations. Naomi A. Rose and Georgia Hancock Snusz discuss captive marine mammals and their coverage under the AWA. Lastly, Anna Frostic speaks about public handling of exotic animals held at licensed exhibitors, which are regulated under the Act.


Animal Welfare Act: Interaction With Other Laws, Ani B. Satz, Delcianna Winders Jan 2019

Animal Welfare Act: Interaction With Other Laws, Ani B. Satz, Delcianna Winders

Animal Law Review

Ani B. Satz discusses the interaction of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) with state laws, specifically focusing on perceived preemptive effects of the AWA on state anti-cruelty laws. Delcianna Winders discusses how these perceived preemptive effects play out on a federal level, focusing on how the AWA interacts with the Endangered Species Act (ESA). She expands upon how both laws apply to captive animals, who have been identified as threatened or endangered under the ESA.


Ruminations On Twenty-Five Years Of Animal Law, Joan E. Schaffner Jan 2019

Ruminations On Twenty-Five Years Of Animal Law, Joan E. Schaffner

Animal Law Review

In this Article, the author tracks the ‘progress’ of the animal law movement over the past twenty-five years, focusing on the perennial ambiguity in the property status of animals and the kinds of harm to animals the law is, and is not, willing to condone, and the power of the media to shed light on these harms. The author also explains how her own work, concentrating on the question of the ‘value’ of animals, has contributed to the field of animal law. In particular, she highlights her work on the problem of legal valuation of companion animals for damages claims, …


Farmed Animals: The Past Is Prologue, The Future Is (Almost) Here, Mariann Sullivan Jan 2019

Farmed Animals: The Past Is Prologue, The Future Is (Almost) Here, Mariann Sullivan

Animal Law Review

The author describes her journey to animal law and the contributions she has made to the field, particularly in respect of ballot initiatives that have been used successfully to make specific improvements to the welfare of farmed animals. She provides an overview of the Florida ballot initiative prohibiting the confinement of pigs during pregnancy and the California ballot initiatives setting minimum cage size for laying hens and more, highlighting how the idea for each initiative was born, and the drafting and implementation challenges encountered along the way. The author also focusses on other legal and non-legal strategies that are being …


For The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Of Animal Law, Earl Blumenauer Jan 2019

For The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Of Animal Law, Earl Blumenauer

Animal Law Review

Foreword to Animal Law Review Volume 25, Issue 3, 2019.


2018 Foreign And International Legislative Review, Caitlin Skurky Jan 2019

2018 Foreign And International Legislative Review, Caitlin Skurky

Animal Law Review

This Review examines foreign and international legislation relating to animals proposed or passed in 2018 and early 2019. The Review specifically examines legislation in Vietnam, Switzerland, Spain, Canada, Luxembourg, the U.K., Ukraine, and Portugal, with a specific focus on legislation that seeks to increase animal welfare, reduce consumption of cruel animal products, or end violent animal practices.


Animal Welfare Act: Related Litigation And Other Efforts, Joyce Tischler, Valerie Stanley, Jenni James, Kathy Meyer Jan 2019

Animal Welfare Act: Related Litigation And Other Efforts, Joyce Tischler, Valerie Stanley, Jenni James, Kathy Meyer

Animal Law Review

Joyce Tischler discusses the background of the Animal Welfare Act from the 1971 definitional change of the term “animal” to the 1985 Amendment for improved standards. Her organization, Animal Legal Defense Fund, was the first to litigate the AWA’s terms and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s regulations. Valerie Stanley expands upon the 1985 Amendment’s requirements regarding primates and the regulatory struggles Animal Legal Defense Fund faced therein. Jenni James discusses Article III standing and the difficulties in getting into court due to a general reluctance to recognize plaintiffs as satisfying standing under the AWA. She also discusses the courts preference …