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Articles 31 - 60 of 178
Full-Text Articles in Animal Law
Powering Progress: How Ferc Order 2023'S Cluster Study Process Aims To Revolutionize Grid Interconnection, Lowell J. Chandler
Powering Progress: How Ferc Order 2023'S Cluster Study Process Aims To Revolutionize Grid Interconnection, Lowell J. Chandler
Public Land & Resources Law Review
This Article analyzes Order 2023’s cornerstone reform: the replacement of the traditional first-come, first-served serial queue process with a more sophisticated first-ready, first-served cluster study approach. The Article also provides a basic introduction to utility regulation in the United States. While Order 2023’s change promises to revolutionize grid interconnection, the Article also considers whether additional reforms may be necessary to fully realize FERC’s vision of an efficient, equitable interconnection process.
Protect The Clearwater V. Montana Department Of Environmental Quality, Gillian Ellison
Protect The Clearwater V. Montana Department Of Environmental Quality, Gillian Ellison
Public Land & Resources Law Review
In Protect the Clearwater v. Montana Department of Environmental Quality, the Montana Supreme Court reinforced that injunctive relief provisions in the Montana Environmental Protection Act are the exclusive avenue for injunctive relief once a claim has been filed under MEPA. The Court clarified that parties may not separately seek preliminary injunctions under Montana’s general injunction statute when a MEPA action contesting the same permit is already pending.
Montana Trout Unlimited V. Montana Department Of Natural Resources, Kelly Brady
Montana Trout Unlimited V. Montana Department Of Natural Resources, Kelly Brady
Public Land & Resources Law Review
A proposed copper mine located near tributaries of the highly protected Smith River in central Montana set off a series of lawsuits over the use of water in the state. After a number of administrative hearings and subsequent trials, the only substantial question left was the status of “mine dewatering.” The Montana Supreme Court decided whether 1,500,000 gallons of water removed annually from the inner workings of a mine should require a water use permit as a beneficial use or if it exists outside of the regulatory jurisdiction of the Montana Department of Natural Resources under the Montana Water Use …
Montana Environmental Information Center. V. Montana Department Of Public Service Regulation, Sadie Giles
Montana Environmental Information Center. V. Montana Department Of Public Service Regulation, Sadie Giles
Public Land & Resources Law Review
Montana Environmental Information Center v. Montana Department of Public Service Regulation provides insight into the discretion of the Public Service Commission and its impact on renewable energy development in Montana, especially in the wake of the repeal of the Renewable Power Production and Rural Economic Development Act. This case evaluates the Commission’s decisions to grant waivers to NorthWestern Energy for its 2015 and 2016 renewable energy purchase obligations under the Act. The Court found the Commission’s decisions were arbitrary and unsupported by substantial evidence and appropriate reasoning. Montana’s renewable portfolio standards had proven effective in promoting renewable energy and economic …
Tribal Sovereignty And The Limits Of Federal Evidence: Authenticating Indian Status In United States V. Harper, Anthony J. Shirey
Tribal Sovereignty And The Limits Of Federal Evidence: Authenticating Indian Status In United States V. Harper, Anthony J. Shirey
Public Land & Resources Law Review
In United States v. Harper, the Tenth Circuit reversed a conviction for violent crimes committed in Indian Country because the government failed to provide admissible evidence proving that the defendant was an “Indian” under federal law. At first glance, the ruling appears to turn on a technical evidentiary issue concerning the exclusion of a tribal membership verification letter under the business records exception. Yet the case reveals something deeper: a jurisdictional framework that conditions the recognition of tribal identity on federal evidentiary norms, and in doing so, limits the functional sovereignty of tribal governments in federal courts. This Note seeks …
Friends Of The Inyo V. United States Forest Service, Sarah J. Leopard
Friends Of The Inyo V. United States Forest Service, Sarah J. Leopard
Public Land & Resources Law Review
Friends of the Inyo v. United States Forest Service provides necessary guidance for categorical exclusion analysis under the National Environmental Policy Act. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that the United States Forest Service wrongfully construed NEPA as permissive of applying different categorical exclusions to various components of the same mining project until the project was excluded in its entirety from further environmental review. The Court’s holding establishes two essential rules for evaluating mining proposals on public lands: (1) a categorical exclusion, when applied under § 220.6, must cover the entire scope of a proposed project; and (2) the …
Montana Environmental Information Center V. Montana Department Of Environmental Quality, Alexis Karbowicz
Montana Environmental Information Center V. Montana Department Of Environmental Quality, Alexis Karbowicz
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
Yellowstone National Park's Record Of Decision On Bison Management, Lila Bennett
Yellowstone National Park's Record Of Decision On Bison Management, Lila Bennett
Public Land & Resources Law Review
Bison herds once roamed the American Plains by the millions and were a staple in the lives of Native Americans. By the late 1800’s, bison were nearly extinct due to the westward expansion of European settlers and over hunting. Now, there is a population of merely 30,000 wild bison in North America. Although bison no longer face threats of immediate extinction, wild herds face stark realities of disease, habitat loss, and genetic degradation.
Schutter V. State Board Of Land Commissioners, Gillian P. Ellison
Schutter V. State Board Of Land Commissioners, Gillian P. Ellison
Public Land & Resources Law Review
In Schutter v. State Board of Land Commissioners, the Montana Supreme Court addressed the State’s fiduciary obligation in the context of water rights appurtenant to school trust lands. Central to the Court’s holding was the State’s fiduciary duty in managing lands held in trust for the benefit of the State. By upholding the State’s claim to partial ownership of a water right originating on private land, the Schutter Court underscored the tension between private property rights and the State's trust fiduciary duties.
Flathead-Lolo-Bitterroot Citizen Task Force V. Montana, Sarah J. Leopard
Flathead-Lolo-Bitterroot Citizen Task Force V. Montana, Sarah J. Leopard
Public Land & Resources Law Review
Flathead-Lolo-Bitterroot Citizen Task Force v. Montana evaluates the efficacy of the proposed 2024 gray wolf floating season in preventing harm to grizzly bears, a protected species in Montana. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the implementation of a “serious questions” test for preliminary injunctions that is specific to Endangered Species Act cases. The Court agreed with the district court’s grant of a preliminary injunction that limited the 2024 floating season temporally, but modified the injunction in two respects, thereby narrowing its application. The Court’s holding signifies the continuation of a preliminary injunction standard that values protections for …
Corner Post V. Board Of Governors Of Federal Reserve System, Alexis Karbowicz
Corner Post V. Board Of Governors Of Federal Reserve System, Alexis Karbowicz
Public Land & Resources Law Review
Corner Post v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System resolved a circuit split on when claims against the federal government “accrue” under 28 U.S.C.A. § 2401(a). The Supreme Court clarified whether plaintiffs must file challenges within six years of a regulation’s enactment or may wait until they are directly affected by an agency action, even if that occurs years later. Examining the case’s factual and procedural background provides insight into the relevant regulatory context. The Court’s analysis offers a detailed interpretation of statutory language and establishes principles of claim accrual, alongside the policy considerations of regulatory finality and …
The Biopiracy Of Traditional Knowledge In United States Patent Law, Hannah Green
The Biopiracy Of Traditional Knowledge In United States Patent Law, Hannah Green
Public Land & Resources Law Review
The United States intellectual property (“IP”) system is deeply intertwined with our country’s history and constitution. t is foundational in favoring young American inventors. George Washington signed the first patent act in 1790 in hopes of promoting the innovation and progress of science and useful arts. Yet, our patent system was also built around the Western tradition of individualism and competition, which failed to recognize the communal nature and traditional knowledge of tribal communities. This disparity allows the biopiracy of traditional knowledge to be lawful. This comment will explore the harmful toll that United States patent law has taken on …
Co-Stewardship In Practice: Yellowstone Bison, Patrick J. White
Co-Stewardship In Practice: Yellowstone Bison, Patrick J. White
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
Exemplary Brief For Petitioner, Eames Armstrong, E. C. Bell
Exemplary Brief For Petitioner, Eames Armstrong, E. C. Bell
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
Exemplary Brief For Respondent, Skylee James, Lauren Bretz
Exemplary Brief For Respondent, Skylee James, Lauren Bretz
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
Solar Energy Industries Association V. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Brandy Keesee
Solar Energy Industries Association V. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Brandy Keesee
Public Land & Resources Law Review
In Solar Energy Industries Association v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“Solar Energy”), the court grappled with a complex web of regulatory and environmental considerations. The overall dispute was the promulgation and implementation of Order 872, a directive issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC” or “Commission”), and its alignment with the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (“PURPA”) and the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”). The dispute in Solar Energy is about FERC’s interpretation and application of PURPA in managing qualifying facilities (“QFs”). The crux of the contention was whether FERC’s 2020 rule revisions set forth in Order 872 …
What The Trust? Overcoming Barriers To Renewable Energy Development In Indian Country, Malcolm M. Gilbert, Aspen B. Ward
What The Trust? Overcoming Barriers To Renewable Energy Development In Indian Country, Malcolm M. Gilbert, Aspen B. Ward
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
Avoiding The Pitfalls In Administrative Record Review Cases, Kim Wilson, Brian Brammer
Avoiding The Pitfalls In Administrative Record Review Cases, Kim Wilson, Brian Brammer
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
Corner Crossing: Unlocking Public Lands Or Invading The Airspace Of Landowners?, Kevin Frazier
Corner Crossing: Unlocking Public Lands Or Invading The Airspace Of Landowners?, Kevin Frazier
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
States Of Mind Or State Of Crime: Exploring The Prosecution Of Environmental Crimes In The Western United States, Joshua Ozymy, Melissa Ozymy
States Of Mind Or State Of Crime: Exploring The Prosecution Of Environmental Crimes In The Western United States, Joshua Ozymy, Melissa Ozymy
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
Cutting The Mussel's Threads: A Legal Perspective On Invasive Species, Hallee C. Frandsen
Cutting The Mussel's Threads: A Legal Perspective On Invasive Species, Hallee C. Frandsen
Public Land & Resources Law Review
No abstract provided.
Minnesota Dep’T Of Nat. Res. V. Manoomin, Anna Belinski
Minnesota Dep’T Of Nat. Res. V. Manoomin, Anna Belinski
Public Land & Resources Law Review
In 2021 manoomin (wild rice), a legally recognized person in White Earth Band tribal law, brought a case in White Earth Band of Ojibwe Tribal Court against the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Wild rice brought this case against the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources’ over its issuance of a water permit to Enbridge Inc. for the construction of the Line 3 oil pipeline. Though ultimately ruling that the Tribal Court did not have subject matter jurisdiction because the activity at issue occurred by non-Indians outside of the reservation boundaries, this case still brings a novel consideration in the tribal …
Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo V. Texas, Sawyer J. Connelly
Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo V. Texas, Sawyer J. Connelly
Public Land & Resources Law Review
The United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo and Alabama and Coushatta Indian Tribes. The Court’s decision settles a conflict around bingo stemming from a long series of conflicts between Ysleta del Sur Pueblo and Texas gaming officials dating back to the 1980s. The court held the Texas Restoration Act bans only gaming on tribal lands that is also banned in Texas. This decision upholds previous caselaw that states cannot bar tribes from gaming that is not categorically banned in the state.
Environmental Defense Center V. Bureau Of Ocean Energy Management, Eliot M. Thompson
Environmental Defense Center V. Bureau Of Ocean Energy Management, Eliot M. Thompson
Public Land & Resources Law Review
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the district court’s grants of summary judgment and injunctive relief against BOEM for violating the ESA and CZMA. The Ninth Circuit found BOEM violated NEPA, CZMA, and the APA by failing to adequately consider the environmental impacts of well stimulation treatments. The Ninth Circuit also reversed the lower court’s grant of summary judgment against the Environmental Defense Center for their NEPA claims.
Metlakatla Indian Community V. Dunleavy, Elizabeth L. Orvis
Metlakatla Indian Community V. Dunleavy, Elizabeth L. Orvis
Public Land & Resources Law Review
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the District Court of Alaska’s judgment that dismissed the Metlakatla Indian Community’s suit against Alaska’s limited entry program. On appeal, the Ninth Circuit addressed whether and to what extent the 1891 Act preserved an implied off-reservation fishing right for members of the Metlakatla Indian Community. The Ninth Circuit ruled in favor of the Metlakatla Indian Community but remanded to the district court to determine the boundaries of the traditional off-reservation fishing grounds. Motions for rehearing and rehearing en banc were denied.
Ctr. For Biological Diversity V. United States Fish & Wildlife Serv., Ali Stapleton
Ctr. For Biological Diversity V. United States Fish & Wildlife Serv., Ali Stapleton
Public Land & Resources Law Review
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court of Arizona’s decision to deny a proposed mining plan becuase the operations exceeded the boundaries of a valid mining claim. The issue the court addressed is whether a permanent occupancy of waste rock and tailings on land, absent the discovery of valuable minerals, is a reasonable use related to mining activities. The Ninth Circuit decision effectively prevented mining companies from amending the 1872 Mining Law on the administrative record. Motions for a rehearing and a rehearing en banc were denied.