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Articles 1531 - 1560 of 2071

Full-Text Articles in Law

Sex-Separation In Public Restrooms: Law, Architecture, And Gender, Terry S. Kogan Jan 2007

Sex-Separation In Public Restrooms: Law, Architecture, And Gender, Terry S. Kogan

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

This Article challenges the common assumption that legally mandated sex-separation of public restrooms is a benign recognition of natural anatomical differences between men and women. Relying on legal history, gender history, and architectural theory, my central thesis is that, contrary to common intuitions, there was nothing benign or gender neutral about the social and historical origins of the first laws adopted at the end of the nineteenth century that mandated such separation.

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Biometrics: Weighing Convenience And National Security Against Your Privacy, Lauren D. Adkins Jan 2007

Biometrics: Weighing Convenience And National Security Against Your Privacy, Lauren D. Adkins

Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review

The biometric identifier relies on an individual's unique biological information such as a hand, iris, fingerprint, facial or voice print. When used for verification purposes, a "one-to-one" match is generated in under one second. Biometric technology can substantially improve national security by identifying and verifying individuals in a number of different contexts, providing security in ways that exceed current identification technology and limiting access to areas where security breaches are especially high, such as airport tarmacs and critical infrastructure facilities. At the same time, a legitimate public concern exists concerning the misuse of biometric technology to invade or violate personal …

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Gone In A Blink: The Overlooked Privacy Problems Caused By Contactless Payment Systems, Shane L. Smith Jan 2007

Gone In A Blink: The Overlooked Privacy Problems Caused By Contactless Payment Systems, Shane L. Smith

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

The use of RFID technology in contactless payment devices presents an expanding menu of challenges and concerns to privacy advocates. While rapid, creative advances have been made by contactless payment system issuers, neither privacy advocates nor lawmakers have used the same creative visions to address the privacy problems caused by contactless payment systems. The author proposes a legislative response to address privacy concerns without stifling technological developments.

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Towards A Right To Privacy In Transnational Intelligence Networks, Francesca Bignami Jan 2007

Towards A Right To Privacy In Transnational Intelligence Networks, Francesca Bignami

Michigan Journal of International Law

Privacy is one of the most critical liberal rights to come under pressure from transnational intelligence gathering. This Article explores the many ways in which transnational intelligence networks intrude upon privacy and considers some of the possible forms of legal redress. Part II lays bare the different types of transnational intelligence networks that exist today. Part III begins the analysis of the privacy problem by examining the national level, where, over the past forty years, a legal framework has been developed to promote the right to privacy in domestic intelligence gathering. Part IV turns to the privacy problem transnationally, when …

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Medicine And Public Health: Crossing Legal Boundaries, Wendy K. Mariner Jan 2007

Medicine And Public Health: Crossing Legal Boundaries, Wendy K. Mariner

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

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Constitutional Etiquette And The Fate Of "Supreme Court Tv", Bruce Peabody Jan 2007

Constitutional Etiquette And The Fate Of "Supreme Court Tv", Bruce Peabody

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

In traditional media outlets, on the Internet, and throughout the halls of Congress, debate about whether the Supreme Court should be required to televise its public proceedings is becoming more audible and focused. To date, these discussions have included such topics as the potential effects of broadcasting the Court, the constitutionality of Senator Arlen Specter’s current congressional initiative, S. 344, and how the public would use or abuse televised sessions of our highest tribunal.

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Granting Certiorari To Video Recording But Not To Televising, Scott C. Wilcox Jan 2007

Granting Certiorari To Video Recording But Not To Televising, Scott C. Wilcox

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

Cameras are an understandable yet inapt target for Supreme Court Justices apprehensive about televising the high Court’s proceedings. Notwithstanding Justice Souter’s declaration to a congressional subcommittee in 1996 that cameras will have to roll over his dead body to enter the Court, the Justices’ public statements suggest that their objections are to televising—not to cameras. In fact, welcoming cameras to video record Court proceedings for archival purposes will serve the Justices’ interests well. Video recording can forestall legislation recently introduced in both houses of Congress that would require the Court to televise its proceedings. The Court’s desired result—the legislation disappearing …

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The Right Legislation For The Wrong Reasons, Tony Mauro Jan 2007

The Right Legislation For The Wrong Reasons, Tony Mauro

Michigan Law Review First Impressions

Senator Arlen Specter took a bold and long-overdue step on January 22, 2007, when he introduced legislation that would require the Supreme Court to allow television coverage of its proceedings. But instead of making his case with a straightforward appeal to the public’s right to know, Specter has introduced arguments in favor of his bill that seem destined to antagonize the Court, drive it into the shadows, or both. Chances of passage might improve if Specter adjusts his tactics.

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Birth Certificates, Elizabeth Samuels Jan 2007

Birth Certificates, Elizabeth Samuels

All Faculty Scholarship

Birth certificates in the United States, which are issued by the states, have two different sections, and each section involves different privacy concerns. The first section, the legal record of birth, is always available to the adult whose birth it registers; access by other persons varies widely from state to state, ranging from a short list of specified relatives to the public at large. The second section of the certificate - which records health and medical information about the parents, the birth, and the infant - is used only for data collection and analysis, under regulations that protect the privacy …

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Tied Up In Knotts? Gps And The Fourth Amendment, Renee Mcdonald Hutchins Jan 2007

Tied Up In Knotts? Gps And The Fourth Amendment, Renee Mcdonald Hutchins

Journal Articles

Judicial and scholarly assessment of emerging technology seems poised to drive the Fourth Amendment down one of three paths. The first would simply relegate the amendment to a footnote in history books by limiting its reach to harms that the framers specifically envisioned. A modified version of this first approach would dispense with expansive constitutional notions of privacy and replace them with legislative fixes. A third path offers the amendment continued vitality but requires the U.S. Supreme Court to overhaul its Fourth Amendment analysis. Fortunately, a fourth alternative is available to cabin emerging technologies within the existing doctrinal framework. Analysis …

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Confidentiality Of Educational Records And Child Protective Proceedings, Frank E. Vandervort Jan 2007

Confidentiality Of Educational Records And Child Protective Proceedings, Frank E. Vandervort

Book Chapters

The Federal Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), which provides funding for state educational programming, requires that student records be disclosed to a nonparent only with the written consent of the child’s parent, unless the disclosure falls within one of the several exceptions detailed in the statute. One of the exemptions provided for in the federal law permits a school to disclose information to “state or local officials or authorities to whom [that] information is allowed to be reported or disclosed pursuant to state statute,” if that official certifies in writing “that the information will not be disclosed to …

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In Sickness, Health And Cyberspace: Protecting The Security Of Electronic Private Health Information, Sharona Hoffman, Andy Podgurski Jan 2007

In Sickness, Health And Cyberspace: Protecting The Security Of Electronic Private Health Information, Sharona Hoffman, Andy Podgurski

Faculty Publications

The electronic processing of health information provides considerable benefits to patients and health care providers at the same time that it creates serious risks to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data. The Internet provides a conduit for rapid and uncontrolled dispersion and trafficking of illicitly-obtained private health information, with far-reaching consequences to the unsuspecting victims. In order to address such threats to electronic private health information, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services enacted the HIPAA Security Rule, which thus far has received little attention in the legal literature. This article presents a critique of the Security …

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A (My)Space Of One's Own: On Privacy And Online Social Networks, Patricia Sanchez Abril Jan 2007

A (My)Space Of One's Own: On Privacy And Online Social Networks, Patricia Sanchez Abril

Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property

No abstract provided.

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Beyond The (Current) Fourth Amendment: Protecting Third-Party Information, Third Parties, And The Rest Of Us Too, Stephen E. Henderson Jan 2007

Beyond The (Current) Fourth Amendment: Protecting Third-Party Information, Third Parties, And The Rest Of Us Too, Stephen E. Henderson

Faculty Articles

For at least thirty years the Supreme Court has adhered to its third-party doctrine in interpreting the Fourth Amendment, meaning that so far as a disclosing party is concerned, information in the hands of a third party receives no Fourth Amendment protection. The doctrine was controversial when adopted, has been the target of sustained criticism, and is the predominant reason that the Katz revolution has not been the revolution many hoped it would be. Some forty years after Katz the Court's search jurisprudence largely remains tied to property conceptions. As I have demonstrated elsewhere, however, the doctrine is not the …

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There Is No Place Like Home: The Supreme Court's Refusal To Allow Searches Of The Home Based On Disputed Consent In Georgia V. Randolph, Kyle Evans Jan 2007

There Is No Place Like Home: The Supreme Court's Refusal To Allow Searches Of The Home Based On Disputed Consent In Georgia V. Randolph, Kyle Evans

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Only Americans Legally Prohibited From Knowing Who Their Birth Parents Are: A Rejection Of Privacy Rights As A Bar To Adult Adoptees' Access To Original Birth And Adoption Records, Susan Whittaker Hughes Jan 2007

The Only Americans Legally Prohibited From Knowing Who Their Birth Parents Are: A Rejection Of Privacy Rights As A Bar To Adult Adoptees' Access To Original Birth And Adoption Records, Susan Whittaker Hughes

Cleveland State Law Review

Sadly, adult adoptees in America must confront the reality that, in most states, their right to access their original birth and adoption records is a very narrow right statutorily granted only to those who can show good cause. Part II of this paper will explore the reasons why adult adoptees search for information regarding their biological origins and the history of adult adoptees' access to original birth and adoption records. Part III will give a brief overview of the concept of constitutional privacy and discuss the several categories of privacy currently recognized in American law and the relationship between privacy …

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Please, Let's Bury The Junk: The Codis Loci And The Revelation Of Private Information, David H. Kaye Jan 2007

Please, Let's Bury The Junk: The Codis Loci And The Revelation Of Private Information, David H. Kaye

Faculty Scholarship

This Northwestern University Law Review Colloquy paper describes the four possible ways in which genetic loci could possess predictive or diagnostic value with regard to diseases and explains why these mechanisms have not led, and probably cannot lead, to useful screening tests with the Convicted Offender DNA Index System (CODIS) profiles in national, state, and local databases. It then considers the phenotypes and familial relationships that the CODIS STRs can be used to identify. The profiles carry limited information about an individual's race and familial relationships, and the article places the resulting privacy issues in perspective. Finally, the paper comments …

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Payton, Practical Wisdom, And The Pragmatist Judge: Is Payton's Goal To Prevent Unreasonable Entries Or To Effectuate Home Arrests?, Christos Papapetrou Jan 2007

Payton, Practical Wisdom, And The Pragmatist Judge: Is Payton's Goal To Prevent Unreasonable Entries Or To Effectuate Home Arrests?, Christos Papapetrou

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Comment analyzes the conflicting "objective" and "subjective" tests that courts use to determine if a law enforcement officer's entry into a suspect's home is valid following the Supreme Court's holding in Payton v. New York that an arrest warrant implicitly carries with it a right to enter a suspect's home when there is "reason to believe" it is the suspect's residence and that the suspect is inside. The Comment questions how courts should interpret the "reason to believe" standard and analyzes an approach put forth by Professor Matthew A. Edwards in his article, Posner's Pragmatism and Payton Home Arrests. …

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Twilight Of The Idols? Eu Internet Privacy And The Post Enlightenment Paradigm, Mark F. Kightlinger Jan 2007

Twilight Of The Idols? Eu Internet Privacy And The Post Enlightenment Paradigm, Mark F. Kightlinger

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

This Article provides a timely examination of the European Union's approach to information privacy on the internet, an approach that some legal scholars have held up as a model for law reform in the United States. Building on the author's recent piece discussing the U.S. approach to internet privacy, this Article applies to the EU's internet privacy regime a theoretical framework constructed from the writings of philosopher and social theorist Alasdair MacIntyre on the failures of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment thought. The EU internet privacy regime is shown to reflect and reinforce three key elements of the "post-Enlightenment paradigm," i.e., the …

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Companies Positioned In The Middle:Municipal Wireless And Its Impact On Privacy And Free Speech, Nicole Alexandra Ozer Jan 2007

Companies Positioned In The Middle:Municipal Wireless And Its Impact On Privacy And Free Speech, Nicole Alexandra Ozer

University of San Francisco Law Review

When a city institutes a municipal wireless system, it is building a new communications infrastructure on behalf of its residents. Like our rights to privacy in our public telephone communications, individuals have the right to a municipal wireless network that respects privacy and free speech, allowing users to explore all that the Internet offers without worrying where information about their online activities will end up or how it will be used or abused. Cities have a duty to protect the privacy and free speech rights of their residents, and safeguards for these rights must be priorities, not afterthoughts.

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Immunity From The Focused Attention Of Others: A Conceptual And Normative Model Of Personal And Legal Privacy, Jeffrey L. Johnson Jan 2007

Immunity From The Focused Attention Of Others: A Conceptual And Normative Model Of Personal And Legal Privacy, Jeffrey L. Johnson

Florida A & M University Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case For Neuro Exceptionalism, Stacey A. Tovino Jan 2007

Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case For Neuro Exceptionalism, Stacey A. Tovino

Faculty Articles

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has built on a number of technologies, including electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography, to become one of the decade's most powerful tools for mapping sensory, motor, and cognitive function. Scientists also are using fMRI to study the neural correlates of a range of conditions, characteristics, and social behaviors, including schizophrenia, addiction, racial evaluation, deception, cooperation, and sexual preferences. Now poised to move outside the research context, functional neuroimaging raises a number of confidentiality, privacy, and identity issues. In this Article, I examine whether special, or heightened, confidentiality, privacy, and informed …

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The Public's Right To Fair Use: Amending Section 107 To Avoid The "Fared Use" Fallacy, Wendy J. Gordon, Daniel Bahls Jan 2007

The Public's Right To Fair Use: Amending Section 107 To Avoid The "Fared Use" Fallacy, Wendy J. Gordon, Daniel Bahls

Faculty Scholarship

Under provocative titles like "Fared Use" and "The End of Friction," commentators argue about whether or not the copyright doctrine of fair use should exist in a world of instantaneous transactions. As collecting societies such as the Copyright Clearance Center have become more powerful, and technologies like cellular phones and the internet have made it possible to purchase digital copies by dialing a number or clicking a mouse, the suggestion is sometimes made that fair use could or should disappear. The Second and Sixth Circuits have flirted with foreclosing fair use if a licensing market is present or possible. The …

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Special Project+ Privacy, Melody R. Barron Jan 2007

Special Project+ Privacy, Melody R. Barron

Vanderbilt Law Review

Privacy has long been a matter of particular concern in the minds of Americans. Indeed, privacy concerns were at the crux of the American Revolution. The earliest days of colonial life saw creation of laws protecting the individual against eavesdropping, and the sanctity of one's home. The Bill of Rights also reflects privacy interests. As America grew, technological advances in the dissemination of information caused public demands for protection of privacy rights; I Each year, the Vanderbilt Law Review publishes one issue with notes devoted solely to a topic of current interest. These notes collectively constitute the Special Project.

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Medicine And Public Health: Crossing Legal Boundaries, Wendy K. Mariner Jan 2007

Medicine And Public Health: Crossing Legal Boundaries, Wendy K. Mariner

Faculty Scholarship

In 2006, New York City began a mandatory reporting system for laboratories to submit blood sugar (A1c) test results (primarily for diabetes) to the city's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene without the patient's consent. This article examines whether this new program is an innovative way to improve New Yorkers' health, an invasion of medical privacy, or usurpation of the physician's role. The registry is an example of public health initiatives in chronic diseases, which challenge the limits of laws governing medicine care and public health programs by blurring the historical boundaries between them.

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Reservoirs Of Danger: The Evolution Of Public And Private Law At The Dawn Of The Information Age, Danielle K. Citron Jan 2007

Reservoirs Of Danger: The Evolution Of Public And Private Law At The Dawn Of The Information Age, Danielle K. Citron

Faculty Scholarship

A defining problem at the dawn of the Information Age will be securing computer databases of ultra-sensitive personal information. These reservoirs of data fuel our Internet economy but endanger individuals when their information escapes into the hands of cyber-criminals. This juxtaposition of opportunities for rapid economic growth and novel dangers recalls similar challenges society and law faced at the outset of the Industrial Age. Then, reservoirs collected water to power textile mills: the water was harmless in repose but wrought havoc when it escaped. After initially resisting Rylands v. Fletcher's strict liability standard as undermining economic development, American courts and …

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Hipaa Hypocrisy And The Case For Enforcing Federal Privacy Standards Under State Law, Daniel J. Oates Jan 2007

Hipaa Hypocrisy And The Case For Enforcing Federal Privacy Standards Under State Law, Daniel J. Oates

Seattle University Law Review

Part II of this Comment summarizes the background of the HIPAA statute as an attempted solution to the privacy problem described above, including its legislative history and HHS promulgation of administrative rules. Next, Part III addresses the agency-imposed limitations on the scope of the statute. The Secretary's decision to rely solely on an administrative complaint process, combined with the government's narrow interpretation of the statute granting third parties immunity from penalties, has undermined enforcement of the privacy provision. Accordingly, Part IV discusses previous attempts to circumvent the administrative limitations by creating a private right of action and the reasons these …

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Privacy's Other Path: Recovering The Law Of Confidentiality, Neil M. Richards, Daniel J. Solove Jan 2007

Privacy's Other Path: Recovering The Law Of Confidentiality, Neil M. Richards, Daniel J. Solove

Scholarship@WashULaw

The familiar legend of privacy law holds that Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis invented the right to privacy in 1890, and that William Prosser aided its development by recognizing four privacy torts in 1960. In this article, Professors Richards and Solove contend that Warren, Brandeis, and Prosser did not invent privacy law, but took it down a new path. Well before 1890, a considerable body of Anglo-American law protected confidentiality, which safeguards the information people share with others. Warren, Brandeis, and later Prosser turned away from the law of confidentiality to create a new conception of privacy based on the …

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The Technology Of Surveillance: Will The Supreme Court's Expectations Ever Resemble Society's?, Stephen Henderson Jan 2007

The Technology Of Surveillance: Will The Supreme Court's Expectations Ever Resemble Society's?, Stephen Henderson

Other Faculty Publications

For law students studying criminal procedure—or at least for those cramming for the exam—it becomes a mantra: government conduct only implicates the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches if it invades a “reasonable expectation of privacy.” This is not the contemporary definition of the word “search,” nor was it the definition at the time of the founding. But, via a well-intentioned concurrence by Justice Harlan in the famous 1967 case of Katz v. United States, it became the Court’s definition.This lack of fealty to the English language left some questions. For example, is determining whether someone has a “reasonable expectation …

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Babes And Beefcake: Exclusive Hiring Arrangements And Sexy Dress Codes, Ann C. Mcginley Jan 2007

Babes And Beefcake: Exclusive Hiring Arrangements And Sexy Dress Codes, Ann C. Mcginley

Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy

Concluding that being a woman should not be a BFOQ for the job, this article addresses whether casino owners may require that women and men cocktail servers wear sexy provocative uniforms to serve cocktails in Las Vegas casinos.

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