Law Commons^™

The Dtsa At One: An Empirical Study Of The First Year Of Litigation Under The Defend Trade Secrets Act, David S. Levine, Christopher B. Seaman

Scholarly Articles

This article represents the first comprehensive empirical study of the Defend Trade Secrets Act (“DTSA”), the law enacted by Congress in 2016 that created a federal civil cause of action for trade secret misappropriation. The DTSA represents the most significant expansion of federal involvement in intellectual property law in at least 30 years. In this study, we examine publicly-available docket information and pleadings to assess how private litigants have been utilizing the DTSA. Based upon an original dataset of nearly 500 newly-filed DTSA cases in federal court, we analyze whether the law is beginning to meet its sponsors’ stated goals …

"Exclusivity In Retail: The Restaurant Business" In The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. Since the restaurant business is a highly competitive sector with high risks, a large failure rate, and a product difficult to customize, it seems appropriate that restaurants provide the leading examples in how best to apply trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and publicity rights to create relevance and exclusivity as a way to gain market share and financial success.

"Understanding The Franchise Agreement" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Anticipating Risk" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Critical Elements For The Information Enterprise" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. Information, like any other type of property, has value to the extent that it meets the standards of relevance to the recipient. Relevance may be based in part on exclusivity, but it is also based on the reliability, resilience, and security of the information. Particularly when the information is data rather than entertainment content, these features will determine the success or failure of the enterprise. Without all three …

"Becoming A Franchisor" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. Although the approach to franchising is generally to protect the naïve new business owner from being overwhelmed by the obligations of a new business, there are considerable benefits to owning and operating a franchise as well. It is a very common, popular, and profitable method for building a national or even global brand.

"Identifying The Entrepreneur’S Goal For The Business" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. An important decision to the development of a start-up business is the purpose for launching that business in the life of the entrepreneur. The purpose will, in turn, strongly influence decisions about where to raise money to start the venture and how to organize the ownership. This short exploration of the psychology behind the entrepreneur’s motivation should help predict which decisions will most likely help the business goals.

"Avoiding The Unintended Franchise" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. The FTC Franchise Rule is not the only law regulating franchise relationships. Many states also have versions of disclosure laws or laws requiring fair dealing. The states with fair dealing regulations enforce state-based legal obligations on the franchisor that cannot be modified by the contractual terms. The intersection of federal law with the array of state regulations make the issuance of a franchise complex. A company should not …

"Design Thinking As A Process To Find Relevance" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Beyond The New Economy: The Other Technology Revolution" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. While the book refers to the Internet as perhaps the most significant technological change in the 21st century, computer technology, microbiology, and many other fields have undergone similar explosions in innovation.

"Exclusivity In Retail: Brand Stores And Exclusive Offers" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Documenting The Limited Liability Company" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. For most small businesses, the LLC provides the best choice in terms of limiting liability, providing partnership-like tax benefits, and allowing for management provisions that are narrowly tailored to the objectives of the participants. Subchapter S corporations have the same potential tax structure as the LLC and allow for the shareholders to also be managers, but the corporate laws in most states have many provisions and requirements that …

"Exclusivity In The New Economy: Software Strategies" In The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Disruptive Innovation And Tsunami Stressors" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Exclusivity In The New Economy: Internet Businesses" In The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Proper Uses Of The Business Plan" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. A useful business plan provides a blueprint for the operations, direction, and growth of a business. It explains the needs for funding, anticipates the cash flow operations of the business, highlights strategic partnerships, and serves as a proof-of-concept for key partners. The credibility of the business plan will help investors, founders, suppliers, lenders, and other key partners be able to assess the thoughtfulness and planfulness that has gone …

"Franchising Basics For Franchisees" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. A franchise is a license or agreement to use the existing business model provided by a company, including its trademarks, recipes and other know-how, its patented products, and processes, in exchange for agreeing to pay the company for the license and to adhere to a set of rules or guidelines on how the business is expected to operate. The company selling the franchise license is the franchisor and …

"The Key Business Plan Provisions" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Exclusivity In Manufacturing And Service" In The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. Manufacturing is the most common realm for process innovation and efficiency goals. Patents allow manufacturers to maintain extended exclusivity in their products. Trade secrets protect the methods of creating the products and the inside know-how on the best way to get the job done. Copyright is useful to protect the text of the manuals, brochures, and other printed materials, diagrams, and tools that assist with the products. Finally, …

"The Small Differences And Large Similarities To The Old Sales Paradigm" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Social Entrepreneurship, Public Benefit, And The Exclusivity Through Purpose" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. In the United States there has been the development of a relatively new category of for-profit enterprise that focuses on a public good that occurs directly as a consequence of the company’s operation. Unlike a tax exempt, nonprofit charity which can have no shareholders, the public benefit corporation allows for shareholders and profits, but it also allows management great flexibility in transferring the profits of the enterprise to …

"The Opportunity For Relevance—Creating Innovation And Relieving Stressors" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses.

"Reflecting Value In Intangibles: Proving The Worth Of Intellectual Property" From The Entrepreneur’S Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, Jon Garon

Faculty Scholarship

This article is part of a series of book excerpts from The Entrepreneur’s Intellectual Property & Business Handbook, which provides the business, strategy, and legal reference guide for start-ups and small businesses. One of the more challenging aspects of developing a company based on intellectual property assets is the challenge in valuing those assets for the purpose of both lenders and investors. As a general matter, the intellectual property assets created by a company are not reflected as having value on the company’s books. As the WIPO primer on intellectual property for small business explains, “[t]he practice of extending loans …

Reexamining Eli Lilly V. Canada: A Human Rights Approach To Investor-State Disputes, Cynthia M. Ho

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law

This Article provides valuable insight to the broader discussion of reforming investor-state disputes. Many have noted that the system is in a crisis due to a lack of democratic accountability and inconsistent decisions, which create a chilling effect on legitimate domestic law and policy. Despite substantial discussion in recent years concerning how to reform investor-state disputes, there is only limited discussion concerning the extent to which such disputes challenge domestic intellectual property (IP) limits, as well as global IP norms. Moreover, even among those who recognize the challenge to IP limits, the relevance of human rights is generally not addressed. …

Notre Dame Lawyer - 2018, Notre Dame Law School

Notre Dame Lawyer

INSIDE

Leading News

Dean Newton Steps Down

Briefs

• Off the Bench—Prominent judges visit ND Law School
• Law School improves Loan Repayment Assistance Program
• Galilee sees record participation
• ‘You are the hope’—ND Law hosts one of Church’s leading voices on race
• Program on Church, State & Society growing
• ‘Fighting for Fair Housing’—Law School hosts conference on Fair Housing Act of 1968
• ND alumni talk about Guantanamo detention facility
• Religious freedom moot court team wins in Italy
• Music lesson—The Slants rock McCartan Courtroom
• Commencement 2018
• Exoneration Project inspires law students

Profiles—A Different Kind of Lawyer

• A Bridge to Home—James Cheney ’18 J.D. …

Foreign Patent Decisions And Harmonization: A View Of The Presumption Against Giving Foreign Patent Decisions Preclusive Effect In United States Proceedings In Light Of Patent Law International Harmonization, Roberto Rosas

Faculty Articles

Where there is a United States patent, there are also likely multiple foreign counterpart patents. Armed with a patent, a holder can then move to stop others from infringing on his invention, and more often than not, the defendant will argue that the United States patent is invalid, often citing foreign decisions and proceedings in support of that claim. Given the territorial nature of patents and the fact that countries have different requirements and standards for granting patents, United States courts have applied a presumption against giving preclusive effect to foreign patent decisions. The courts, however, have made clear that …

Intellectual Property And The Prisoner’S Dilemma: A Game Theory Justification Of Copyrights, Patents, And Trade Secrets, Adam D. Moore

Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal

In this article, I will offer an argument for the protection of intellectual property based on individual self-interest and prudence. In large part, this argument will parallel considerations that arise in a prisoner’s dilemma game. In brief, allowing content to be unprotected in terms of free access leads to a sub-optimal outcome where creation and innovation are suppressed. Adopting the institutions of copyright, patent, and trade secret is one way to avoid these sub-optimal results.

The Drug Repurposing Ecosystem: Intellectual Property Incentives, Market Exclusivity, And The Future Of "New" Medicines, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

The pharmaceutical industry is in a state of fundamental transition. New drug approvals have slowed, patents on blockbuster drugs are expiring, and costs associated with developing new drugs are escalating and yielding fewer viable drug candidates. As a result, pharmaceutical firms have turned to a number of alternative strategies for growth. One of these strategies is "drug repurposing"-finding new ways to deploy approved drugs or abandoned clinical candidates in new disease areas. Despite the efficiency advantages of repurposing drugs, there is broad agreement that there is insufficient repurposing activity because of numerous intellectual property protection and market failures. This Article …

"Ask Me No Questions": The Struggle For Disclosure Of Cultural And Genetic Resource Utilization In Design, Margo A. Bagley

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law

New issues relating to the intersection of design protection and cultural and genetic resource utilization are arising from the confluence of an increased interest in design protection, the sustained allure of exotic cultural expressions, and novel uses of biological and genetic resources in crafting the appearance of articles protected by industrial design rights. As awareness of the many ways in which cultural and genetic resource use and misappropriation can occur is evolving, some developing countries have begun exploring the appropriateness of--and in some cases even instituting--a requirement that a designer disclose the origin of traditional cultural expressions, traditional knowledge, and …

What Happened To The Public’S Interest In Patent Law?, Kristen Jakobsen Osenga

Law Faculty Publications

Protecting intellectual property is the government’s most important tool to encourage innovation, as our country has understood since its founding. The Constitution provides for the grant of exclusive patent rights to “promote the progress of science and the useful arts.” Thomas Jefferson, who was initially skeptical of the value of patents, later remarked, “An Act of Congress authorising [sic] the issuing patents for new discoveries has given a spring to invention beyond my conception.” From the very first patent, issued in 1790, to the 10 millionth patent, issued in June 2018,4 the United States has seen remarkable amounts of invention …