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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 1969
Full-Text Articles in Law
Taxing Facebook Code: Debugging The Tax Code And Software, Xuan-Thao Nguyen, Jeffrey A. Maine
Taxing Facebook Code: Debugging The Tax Code And Software, Xuan-Thao Nguyen, Jeffrey A. Maine
Articles
This article sets out to analyze both intellectual property laws and tax systems as applied to computer software. It analyzes software within intellectual property's established doctrinal framework, a difficult task due to the fact that software can encompass some combination of the traits of copyrights, trade dress, patents, and trade secrets. It then examines both the federal and state tax systems governing software. It shows that fitting software within current tax schemes presents unique challenges, as software contains both tangible and intangible elements, is subject to varying intellectual property protections, and can be delivered through various media. The article argues …
Value Divergence In Global Intellectual Property Law, J. Janewa Oseitutu
Value Divergence In Global Intellectual Property Law, J. Janewa Oseitutu
Faculty Publications
It is a challenge for the United States to adequately protect the interests of its intellectual property industries, especially when U.S. interests are not in line with the social, cultural, and economic goals of other nations. Yet, as a major exporter of intellectual property protected goods, the U.S. has an interest in negotiating effective international intellectual property agreements that are perceived to be legitimate by the state signatories and their constituents. Focusing on value divergence, this article contributes to the growing body of literature on developing a robust but flexible global intellectual property system, arguing that the trade-based approach to …
Images In/Of Law, Jessica Silbey
Images In/Of Law, Jessica Silbey
Faculty Scholarship
The proliferation of images in and of law lends itself to surprisingly complex problems of epistemology and power. Understanding through images is innate; most of us easily understand images without thinking. But arriving at mutually agreeable understandings of images is also difficult. Translating images into shared words leads to multiple problems inherent in translation and that pose problems for justice. Despite our saturated imagistic culture, we have not established methods to pursue that translation process with confidence. This article explains how images are intuitively understood and yet collectively inscrutable, posing unique problems for resolving legal conflicts that demand common and …
Initial Impressions: Trademark Protection For Abbreviations Of Generic Or Descriptive Terms, Mary Lafrance
Initial Impressions: Trademark Protection For Abbreviations Of Generic Or Descriptive Terms, Mary Lafrance
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
The U.S. Proposal For An Intellectual Property Chapter In The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, Sean Flynn, Brook Baker, Margot Kaminski, Jimmy Koo
The U.S. Proposal For An Intellectual Property Chapter In The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, Sean Flynn, Brook Baker, Margot Kaminski, Jimmy Koo
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This article takes advantage of the breach in the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiation’s secrecy to contribute to a new and growing collection of published scholarship on leaked proposals for international intellectual property agreements as they are being negotiated. We begin with the general provisions of the agreement, which define its relationship to the multilateral system. We then progress to analysis of some of the most important copyright, patent and data protection, and enforcement sections of the proposal, before providing some concluding observations. Our ultimate conclusion is that the U.S. proposal, if adopted, would upset the current international framework balancing the interests …
Beneficiaries Of Misconduct: A Direct Approach To It Theft, Andrew Popper
Beneficiaries Of Misconduct: A Direct Approach To It Theft, Andrew Popper
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Stolen information technology (IT) is a domestic and global problem. Theft of IT by upstream producers has a pernicious effect on the competitive market and violates fundamental policies designed to protect those who create and invent such assets. Companies profiting from stolen IT are not just free-riding on the successes of those who design and produce the products and ideas that are a driving force in the U.S. economy – they are destabilizing rational pricing and distorting lawful competition by virtue of outright theft. Current legal recourse is insufficient to address such misconduct; new approaches are needed at the state …
Public Interest Analysis Of The Us Tpp Proposal For An Ip Chapter, Sean Flynn, Margot E. Kaminski, Brook K. Baker, Jimmy H. Koo
Public Interest Analysis Of The Us Tpp Proposal For An Ip Chapter, Sean Flynn, Margot E. Kaminski, Brook K. Baker, Jimmy H. Koo
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
This briefing paper provides preliminary analysis of two leaked U.S. proposals for an intellectual property chapter in the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement. The U.S. proposal, if adopted, would create the highest intellectual property protection and enforcement standards in any free trade agreement to date. Its provisions are primarily based on, and frequently go beyond, the maximalist and controversial standards of the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement (KORUS), the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) and US law, while negating the development-oriented flexibilities required by the 2007 New Trade Deal for developing countries and included in the US-Peru Free Trade Agreement. If adopted, …
Cablevision's Remote Dv-R System And A Solution For The Digital-Recording Age, Justin M. Jacobson
Cablevision's Remote Dv-R System And A Solution For The Digital-Recording Age, Justin M. Jacobson
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Acta And Access To Medicines, Sean Flynn, Bijan Madhani
Acta And Access To Medicines, Sean Flynn, Bijan Madhani
Joint PIJIP/TLS Research Paper Series
The Greens/EFA Internet Core Group in the European Parliament, and a collection of its individual members, commissioned this analysis of potential impacts of the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) on access to medicines in developing countries.” On the whole, ACTA negotiators created an agreement that shifts international “hard law” rules and “soft law” encouragements toward making enforcement of intellectual property rights in courts, at borders, by the government and by private parties easier, less costly, and more “deterrent” in the level of penalties. In doing so, it increases the risks and consequences of wrongful searches, seizures, lawsuits and other enforcement actions …
Sensible Agnosticism: An Updated Approach To Domain-Name Trademark Infringement, Shiveh Roxana Reed
Sensible Agnosticism: An Updated Approach To Domain-Name Trademark Infringement, Shiveh Roxana Reed
Duke Law Journal
The Internet era has brought a new battlefield to U.S.-trademark-law disputes: domain names. Trademark owners have vigorously challenged the registration of domain names that consist of-or merely include-their trademarked terms, suing these domain-name registrants in U.S. courts for trademark infringement. During the early years of the Internet, courts often found consumer confusion-and thus trademark infringement-in these cases. As Internet use has developed, however, many courts have not recognized the growing sophistication of online consumers. This Note proposes that U.S. courts adapt their analyses to recognize evolving consumer behavior and expectations. This updated analysis, based on a 2010 Ninth Circuit opinion, …
Commercial High Technology Innovations Face Uncertain Future Amid Emerging "Brics" Compulsory Licensing And It Interoperability Frameworks, Lawrence A. Kogan
Commercial High Technology Innovations Face Uncertain Future Amid Emerging "Brics" Compulsory Licensing And It Interoperability Frameworks, Lawrence A. Kogan
San Diego International Law Journal
The pathways that lead to the success of cutting-edge technologies are often fraught with risk, difficulty, and uncertainty. These issues are particularly prevalent under a regime involving lengthy time horizons for competent research, development, and commercialization, which may require regulatory approvals. These challenges are known to be endemic to capital-intensive technology development which requires significant follow-on funding, particularly in highly regulated industries such as life sciences (e.g., pharmaceuticals/biotechnology and electronic medical devices ) and clean technology (which may be subdivided into clean or renewable energy generation and clean or renewable energy efficiency technologies and services, the former having more direct …
Limits Of Enforcement Of Intellectual Property Rights -- Injunctive Relief, Equity, And Misuse Of Rights, Marketa Trimble
Limits Of Enforcement Of Intellectual Property Rights -- Injunctive Relief, Equity, And Misuse Of Rights, Marketa Trimble
Boyd Briefs / Road Scholars
Professor Marketa Trimble presented these materials at the 33rd Meeting of the German Society for Comparative Law (Gesellschaft für Rechtsvergleichung) in Trier, Germany, on September 16, 2011.
Draft Of Product Design: The Misfit Of Intellectual Property Law - 2011, Wendy J. Gordon
Draft Of Product Design: The Misfit Of Intellectual Property Law - 2011, Wendy J. Gordon
Scholarship Chronologically
The collection of legal rights commonly labeled "intellectual property" does not reflect any comprehensive master plan. Indeed, the label itself does a disservice in suggesting a set of laws with some coherence, cohesion, or at least commonality. 1 In fact, the various laws governing so-called intellectual property have evolved to address disparate concerns, at different times, and through distinct legal tools. 2 As a result, the canvas of intellectual property laws looks more like a messy collage - with overlaps, unmarked or blank spaces, and jagged edges - than a neat landscape characterized by careful planning and harmony.
Symposium: Creativity And The Law: Introduction, Mark P. Mckenna
Symposium: Creativity And The Law: Introduction, Mark P. Mckenna
Journal Articles
Creativity is on the American mind. President Obama routinely suggests that creativity and ingenuity are the keys to America's economic future. Bill Gates emphasizes the power of creativity to solve the world's most pressing, and most difficult, problems. 2 But the creativity story is, of late, usually bleakly told: indeed, a recent Newsweek cover story proclaimed a "Creativity Crisis." Last November, a group of twelve academics gathered at the Notre Dame Law School to consider law's role in this story. What is creativity, and how does it map onto legal concepts like originality, novelty, or non-obviousness? What should law, and …
Patents, Genetically Modified Foods, And Ip Overreaching, Elizabeth A. Rowe
Patents, Genetically Modified Foods, And Ip Overreaching, Elizabeth A. Rowe
UF Law Faculty Publications
Genetically engineered plants and animals have become and will continue to constitute a large part of the food we consume. The United States is the world's largest producer of genetically modified foods, making American consumers the most exposed population to these products. Agricultural biotechnology patents spur and support innovation. Accordingly, patent law is one of the main contributors to this phenomenon that has changed not only the kinds of food we eat, but the nature of the agri-business industry that produces these foods. This Article takes on an area of concern involving the patenting of food that has remained unexplored: …
The Story Of A Character: Establishing The Limits Of Independent Copyright Protection For Literary Characters, Samuel J. Coe
The Story Of A Character: Establishing The Limits Of Independent Copyright Protection For Literary Characters, Samuel J. Coe
Chicago-Kent Law Review
Copyright law provides writers with a way to protect their original works of authorship, but courts often disagree over the scope of this protection and how far it can be extended for the fictional characters appearing within literary works. Characters like Holden Caulfield and James Bond have become extremely valuable forms of intellectual property, but even for such iconic figures it can be difficult to separate the character from the story to determine where one work ends and the other begins. To address this issue, the Second Circuit follows the "distinctly delineated" test, which asks whether a character has been …
Secret Prior Art: Does Prior Art In A Provisional Patent Application Bar Future Patents, Kyle Gottuso
Secret Prior Art: Does Prior Art In A Provisional Patent Application Bar Future Patents, Kyle Gottuso
Missouri Law Review
This Note will examine whether prior art found in a provisional patent application can (and should) act as prior art to defeat a subsequent application by a second inventor. In looking at this issue, this Note will ask if Giacomini can be reconciled with the principles and policies that underlie patent law. To do so, this Note will first review the facts and holding of Giacomini. Then this Note will survey the patent statutes, giving particular attention to those statutes that deal with priority and prior art. Next, this Note will examine the reasoning of the Giacomini court. Finally, this …
Unpredictability In Patent Law And Its Effect On Pharmaceutical Innovation, Christopher M. Holman
Unpredictability In Patent Law And Its Effect On Pharmaceutical Innovation, Christopher M. Holman
Missouri Law Review
Part II of this Article summarizes the current R&D crisis confronting the pharmaceutical industry and the accompanying drop-off in innovative output from this important technological sector. Part III explains Mr. Armitage's "view from industry," which attributes a significant causative effect to unpredictability in the patent system. Part IV provides two Lilly case studies involving generic challenges to two of the company's important drugs, Gemzar and Strattera, in which the company has suffered as a result of this unpredictability. Part V identifies three distinct forms of unpredictability in patent law: unpredictability caused by the proliferation of loosely defined standards rather than …
Forward: Symposium On Evolving The Court Of Appeals For The Federal Circuit And Its Patent Law Jurisprudence, Dennis D. Crouch
Forward: Symposium On Evolving The Court Of Appeals For The Federal Circuit And Its Patent Law Jurisprudence, Dennis D. Crouch
Missouri Law Review
As I discuss below, conditions on the ground have changed in the few short months following the Symposium. Congress has now acted, and the Patent Office will soon have additional authority. These changes play directly into the arguments of our Symposium authors and make their results even more important.
Crafting A 21st Century United States Patent And Trademark Office, David Kappos
Crafting A 21st Century United States Patent And Trademark Office, David Kappos
Missouri Law Review
Good morning. It is a privilege to be here representing the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). I want to thank the Missouri Law Review for the invitation and for hosting me here today. Moreover, I want to commend the University of Missouri for convening this important conference. These are critical topics, and today I want to focus on the key role the USPTO will play in shaping patent protections in the future. But let me first congratulate the members from the Federal Circuit who are present today for thirty years of excellence in addressing the most fundamental of …
Patent Law's Unpredictability Doctrine And The Software Arts, Greg R. Vetter
Patent Law's Unpredictability Doctrine And The Software Arts, Greg R. Vetter
Missouri Law Review
Part II reviews these insights from the Norden model generally. Part III brings these insights to the disclosure doctrines for software patents, with particular emphasis on the unpredictability factor for undue experimentation within enablement. The model corresponds well with enablement and best mode but does not correspond as well with other disclosure-prompting doctrines whose role is related to defining the claim. Thus, the review in Part III of written description, definiteness, and means-plus-function (§ 112 T 6) claim limitations helps establish the contours of applicability for the Norden model. The discussion of Part III also reviews the current state of …
Ongoing Confusion Over Ongoing Royalties, The, Mark A. Lemley
Ongoing Confusion Over Ongoing Royalties, The, Mark A. Lemley
Missouri Law Review
In eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., the United States Supreme Court correctly concluded that courts had both the power and the responsibility to decide whether a successful patent owner needed injunctive relief and whether the imposition of that relief would unduly harm either the defendant or the public. The Court's application of the traditional four-factor equity test led, for the first time, to a significant number of cases in which courts found patent infringement but refused to enjoin continued infringement. That, in turn, has raised the question "what happens then?" As a matter of policy, the basic answer seems clear: …
To Construe Or Not To Construe: At The Interface Between Claim Construction And Infringement In Patent Cases, Jason R. Mudd
To Construe Or Not To Construe: At The Interface Between Claim Construction And Infringement In Patent Cases, Jason R. Mudd
Missouri Law Review
This Article examines the blurring of this interface in both the "procedural" and "substantive" contexts. Part I discusses the background and modem legal framework for classifying claim construction as a pure question of law that is answered prior to and separate from the issue of infringement. Part II analyzes the claim construction-infringement boundary in a procedural context by examining the stages of a case at which these inquiries are typically performed and the degree to which courts construe claims "in a vacuum," without reference to the accused product. This Part explains that courts are becoming increasingly accepting of and often …
Book Review: Gene Patents And Collaborative Licensing Models: Patent Pools, Clearinghouses, Open Source Models And Liability Regimes (Ed. Geertrui Van Overwalle), Jonas Anderson
Book Reviews
A review of Gene Patents and Collaborative Licensing Models: Patent Pools, Clearinghouses, Open Source Models and Liability Regimes.
The Unequal Tax Treatment Of Intellectual Property, Xuan-Thao Nguyen, Jeffrey A. Maine
The Unequal Tax Treatment Of Intellectual Property, Xuan-Thao Nguyen, Jeffrey A. Maine
Faculty Publications
The tax treatment of intellectual property receives surprisingly little attention despite intellectual property's important role in the economy. In this article, Maine and Nguyen evaluate the fairness of the intellectual property tax system, identifying differences in the tax treatment of what appear to be similar transactions.
Joining Or Changing The Conversation? Catholic Social Thought And Intellectual Property, Frank Pasquale
Joining Or Changing The Conversation? Catholic Social Thought And Intellectual Property, Frank Pasquale
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Will Work': The Role Of Intellectual Property In Transitional Economies -- From Coal To Content, Megan M. Carpenter
Will Work': The Role Of Intellectual Property In Transitional Economies -- From Coal To Content, Megan M. Carpenter
Law Faculty Scholarship
The development and exploitation of intellectual property, and participation in the global information economy, are not dependent upon geography. It can take place from anywhere, from the inside of an empty factory in Detroit, to a small country road, nestled between the rhododendron and the river. From the R&D lab at a university, to a barren plain in New Mexico. To move from coal to content, we must foster a dynamic and profitable environment for entrepreneurship, through a supportive and robust university community, through state legislation and institutional support and through effective utilization of intellectual property laws. Intellectual property and …
Acta's State Of Play: Looking Beyond Transparency, Michael Geist
Acta's State Of Play: Looking Beyond Transparency, Michael Geist
American University International Law Review
No abstract provided.
Acta - Risks Of Third-Party Enforcement For Access To Medinces, Brook K. Baker
Acta - Risks Of Third-Party Enforcement For Access To Medinces, Brook K. Baker
American University International Law Review
No abstract provided.
Collateral Damage: The Impact Of Acta And The Enforcement Agenda On The World's Poorest People , Andrew Rens
Collateral Damage: The Impact Of Acta And The Enforcement Agenda On The World's Poorest People , Andrew Rens
American University International Law Review
No abstract provided.