Law Commons^™

Limiting Legislative Courts: Protecting Article Iii From Congressional Evisceration, Kenneth G. Coffin

Kenneth G. Coffin

As with the notion of a unitary executive or a limited commerce clause, hope for a single federal judiciary has fallen by the wayside. Since 1828, the Supreme Court has recognized a separate class of “legislative courts.” Judges of these legislative, or Article I, courts fall outside the guarantees of Article III. Congress may therefore provide for limited terms of office, disparate methods of appointment and reduction of salaries. Currently there are over 2,000 Article I judges, including Bankruptcy, Magistrate, and Administrative Law judges, just to name a few. In contrast, only 829 United States judges can claim Article III …

How To Improve Retail Investor Protection After The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform And Consumer Protection Act, Barbara Black

Barbara Black

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act gives the Securities and Exchange Commission the authority to deal with two issues especially important to retail investors. First, section 913 requires the SEC to conduct a six-month study on the effectiveness of existing standards of care for broker-dealers and investment advisers and specifically authorizes the SEC to establish a fiduciary duty for brokers and dealers. Second, section 921 grants the SEC the authority to prohibit the use of predispute arbitration agreements that would require investors to arbitrate future disputes arising under the federal securities laws and regulations or the rules …

The Next Generation Of Administrative Law: Building The Legal Infrastructure For Collaborative Governance, Lisa Blomgren Bingham

Lisa Blomgren Bingham

This Article describes the map of statutory administrative law through those cross-cutting statutes that apply generally to all federal agencies. It argues that each major statute represents a balance among five fundamental values in the relationship between the government and the governed, a balance struck by Congress in a particular historical context and moment in time. These values are accountability, efficiency, transparency, participation, and collaboration. Second, it surveys the current law and practice of both in-person and technology-aided public participation , including recent developments through the Open Government Initiative, Open Government Dialogue, and Open Government Directive. Third, it argues that …

Algunos Apuntes Sobre Las Relaciones Entre El Derecho Administrativo Economico Y El Concepto Anglosajon De La Regulacion, Ramon Huapaya Jr.

Ramon Huapaya Jr.

Se trata de una investigación en la cual se compara el paralelo de las experiencias entre el Derecho Administrativo Económico y el concepto anglosajón de la Regulación, mostrando las coincidencias de los sistemas continentales y anglosajones de intervención administrativa en la economía.

How The Global Crime Syndicates Fuel Planet Destruction, Global Alliance

Global Alliance

since 1945 more environmental planet destruction has been fuelled and financed with ever more leveraged debt than in the previous 60 million years - it's applied terrorism against the global life support system under the protection racket of a corrupt law profession

The Boundaries Of Privacy Harm, M. Ryan Calo

M. Ryan Calo

Just as a burn is an injury caused by heat, so is privacy harm a unique injury with specific boundaries and characteristics. This Essay describes privacy harm as falling into two related categories. The subjective category of privacy harm is the unwanted perception of observation. This category describes unwelcome mental states—anxiety, embarrassment, fear—that stem from the belief that one is being watched or monitored. Examples include everything from a landlord listening in on his tenants to generalized government surveillance.

The objective category of privacy harm is the unanticipated or coerced use of information concerning a person against that person. These …

Promoting Self-Sufficiency?, Matthew Main

Matthew Main

The New York City Human Resources Administration has implemented a policy that will have a disproportionate impact on poor families of color. The policy departs from the legislative mandate to support New York’s neediest and most at-risk by arbitrarily excluding incarceration from the definition of “temporary absence,” as it applies to the Cash Assistance program. Aside from the discriminatory impact on poor children and families, the policy decision comes at a higher cost to New York taxpayers in the midst of a financial crisis. This Comment evaluates the legal flaws in the policy, the persons it targets, the families it …

Polyethylene Retail Carrier Bags: Non-Market Economy Status And U.S. Unfair Trade Actions Against Vietnam, David A. Gantz

David A Gantz

Like China, Vietnam was required as a condition of WTO accession to accept that other WTO Members would be able to use non-market-economy methodology for an extended period (2018 in the case of Vietnam) when bringing antidumping actions against Vietnamese producers. Vietnam also agreed to the use of special non-national “benchmarks” for calculating the benefits derived from certain government subsidy programs when those programs were challenged under national countervailing duty actions. In 2009, the U.S Department of Commerce brought its first CVD action against Vietnam, Polyethylene Retail Carrier Bags. This article reviews the history of such actions against Vietnam (and …

An Uncomfortable Fit?: Intellectual Property Policy And The Administrative State, Kali Murray, Sapna Kumar, Jason Mazzone, Hannibal Travis

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

The Southeastern Association of Law Schools (SEALS) panel responds to the considerable scholarship on the increasing integration of administrative law into intellectual property policy. The discussion was conducted August 4, 2009, as part of SEALS' day-long Intellectual Property Workshop in West Palm Beach, Florida. Kali Murray moderated the panel, which included Sapna Kumar, Jason Mazzone, Hannibal Travis, and Jasmine Abdel-khalik.

Promoting Self-Sufficiency?, Matthew Main

Matthew Main

The New York City Human Resources Administration has implemented a policy that will have a disproportionate impact on poor families of color. The policy departs from the legislative mandate to support New York’s neediest and most at-risk by arbitrarily excluding incarceration from the definition of “temporary absence,” as it applies to the Cash Assistance program. Aside from the discriminatory impact on poor children and families, the policy decision comes at a higher cost to New York taxpayers in the midst of a financial crisis. This Comment evaluates the legal flaws in the policy, the persons it targets, the families it …

Promoting Self-Sufficiency?, Matthew Main

Matthew Main

The New York City Human Resources Administration has implemented a policy that will have a disproportionate impact on poor families of color. The policy departs from the legislative mandate to support New York’s neediest and most at-risk by arbitrarily excluding incarceration from the definition of “temporary absence,” as it applies to the Cash Assistance program. Aside from the discriminatory impact on poor children and families, the policy decision comes at a higher cost to New York taxpayers in the midst of a financial crisis. This Comment evaluates the legal flaws in the policy, the persons it targets, the families it …

Delivering The Goods: Herein Of Mead, Delegations, And Authority, Patrick Mckinley Brennan

Patrick McKinley Brennan

This paper argues, first, that the natural law position, according to which it is the function of human law and political authorities to instantiate certain individual goods and the common good of the political community, does not entail judges' having the power or authority to speak the natural law directly. It goes on to argue, second, that lawmaking power/authority must be delegated by the people or their representatives. It then argues, third, that success in making law depends not just on the exercise of delegated power/authority, but also on the exercise of care and deliberation or, in the article's terms, …

Promoting Self-Sufficiency?, Matthew Main

Matthew Main

The New York City Human Resources Administration has implemented a policy that will have a disproportionate impact on poor families of color. The policy departs from the legislative mandate to support New York’s neediest and most at-risk by arbitrarily excluding incarceration from the definition of “temporary absence,” as it applies to the Cash Assistance program. Aside from the discriminatory impact on poor children and families, the policy decision comes at a higher cost to New York taxpayers in the midst of a financial crisis. This comment evaluates the legal flaws in the policy, the persons it targets, the families it …

Dichiarazione Del Contraente E Strumenti Finanziari Derivati Degli Enti Territoriali, Valerio Sangiovanni

Valerio Sangiovanni

No abstract provided.

Addiction Treatment Under The Mental Health Parity And Addiction Equity Act Of 2008 – Expanded Behavioral Health Benefits Bring Risks Of Increased Cost Shifting To Public Funding Sources, Greg Heller

Greg Heller

The Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (the “Parity Act”) promises to do a great deal of good for a lot of families, by making health insurance coverage for behavioral health care more extensive. Managed care techniques, and specialized vendors known as behavioral health carve-out companies, will play a significant role in this expanded coverage. This article reports on a study that documented a significant shift in the costs of addiction treatment, from private insurers who should have paid for the care to the public fisc, as a result of managed care …

Out With A Bang: The Collapse Of Yucca Mountain Signals The Rise Of The New U.S. Cooperative Federalism Nuclear Reprocessing Model, Stefani C. Norrbin, Faye E. Jones

Faye E Jones

This Article argues that after the collapse of Yucca Mountain, the U.S. should move away from direct disposal by creating a new government backed, state-run corporation modeled after France’s Areva, to implement nuclear reprocessing in the U.S. This new model will help address the currently bankrupt nuclear waste system in the U.S. by using the money from the Nuclear Waste Fund that was collected for Yucca Mountain to provide financial support to states for nuclear reprocessing projects. Further, by working together, we can promote competition and innovation through state-run corporations backed by federal funding. In order to make the initial …

Cooling The Core Habitat Provision Of The Endangered Species Act Before It Goes Critical: Practical Critical Habitat Reformulation, Allan J. Ray

Allan J Ray

The Endangered Species Act contains provisions that aim to protect “critical habitat.” However, while having generated heated controversy and conflict and having served as fertile ground for legal, political, and economic theorists, these provisions have done very little to reduce the impact on endangered species from the land uses to which private owners put their property. This article synthesizes several of the most powerful criticisms of critical habitat, together with the responses thereto, to argue that the agencies implementing the Act have low-cost options available to them under the Act as presently structured that might pay big habitat dividends over …

A Proposed National Healthcare Information Network Architecture And Complementary Preemption Of State Health Information Privacy Laws, Arlen W. Langvardt, John W. Hill

Arlen W Langvardt

(Abstract is included with text of paper.)

No Innocents Here: Using Litigation To Fight Against The Costs Of Universal Service In France, Dorit Reiss

Dorit R. Reiss

Liberalization of utility sectors may bring the benefits of competition to customers, but it also creates risks of manipulation of the new system by powerful industrial actors. Litigation is one tool available to undermine or delay effective regulation. In 2001 the European Court of Justice declared the French system of funding universal service in telecommunications untreaty, and ordered France to redesign it. The commission and observers understood the case as a triumph of open market over France’s narrow protection of the "national champion" French Télécom. An alternative interpretation that fits the data better describes the story as successful use of …

Epa’S Attempt To Regulate Greenhouse Gases Under The Clear Air Act: Will Chevron Allow The Tailoring Rule To Withstand Judicial Review? And Why The Answer Doesn’T Matter, James Valvo

James Valvo

The Environmental Protection Agency has issued three new Clean Air Act regulations targeting greenhouse gases, as a response to the Supreme Court’s ruling in Massachusetts v. EPA. One of these proposals, the Tailoring Rule, seeks to adjust the applicability thresholds that trigger the prevention of significant deterioration and title V permit requirements. EPA is attempting to use the Tailoring Rule to soften the blow of new greenhouse gas regulations on both businesses and state permitting agencies. This proposed rule clearly violates the expressed congressional intent in the statute. Legal challenges to EPA’s actions are looming and the standard of review …

Super Deference, The Science Obsession, And Judicial Review Of Agency Science, Emily H. Meazell

Emily H. Meazell

When courts review agencies’ scientific and technical determinations, they often emphasize that the specialized subject matter requires them to be at their most deferential. This “super-deference” principle seems appealing because it is supported by basic notions of institutional competence and accommodates a natural judicial tendency to avoid deep encounters with science. But it stands in stark tension with the expectation that courts must reinforce administrative-law values like participation, transparency, and deliberation. And it fails to further the legitimizing function of incorporating the best possible science into institutional decisionmaking. Surprisingly, there is no scholarship comprehensively assessing super deference. This Article begins …

Simplify, Simplify, Simplify – An Analysis Of Two Decades Of Judicial Review In The Veterans Benefits Adjudication System, Rory E. Riley

Rory E. Riley

Prior to the Veterans' Judicial Review Act, the Department of Veterans Affairs existed in "splendid isolation" - meaning that the department was insulated from judicial review by statute. After the due process revolution of the 1960's and pressure from various veterans’ organizations after the Vietnam war, Congress passed the Veterans' Judicial Review Act in 1988. The Act created the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, an article I court with exclusive jurisdiction over decisions by the Board of Veterans' Appeals. This article argues that 20 years after the Veterans' Judicial Review Act was implemented, the system has become more …

Cheaters Shouldn't Prosper And Consumers Shouldn't Suffer: The Need For Governmental Enforcement Against Economic Adulteration Of 100% Pomegranate Juice And Other Imported Food Products, Michael T. Roberts

Michael T. Roberts Esq.

ABSTRACT

This article examines the failure of government agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, to enforce against the adulteration of economically adulterated imported food product. The problem of economic adulteration has emerged in the modern global food system as a serious threat to the health of consumers, the economic livelihoods of honest purveyors of food, and the integrity of national food regulatory systems. These consequences were recently evidenced by the China melamine scandal that sickened and killed both infants and pets.

This article addresses the problem of a lack of enforcement against economic adulteration through the prism of …

Global Administrative Law Meets “Soft” Powers: The Uncomfortable Case Of Interpol Red Notices, Mario Savino

Mario Savino

With its 188 members, Interpol is the second largest global entity after the United Nations. It is not a treaty-based organization and it is not entrusted with any traditional police powers. However, Interpol issues “red notices”, i.e. warrants to seek the arrest of (suspect) criminals for extradition purposes that are published and circulated worldwide through a sophisticated communication network. From a public law standpoint, red notices are elusive administrative measures: albeit “soft” (non binding), they de facto impinge upon the fundamental right to personal freedom. How to treat such an atypical international power? How appropriate is to put it under …

To Infinity And Beyond: Fcc Enforcement Limiting Broadcast Indecency From George Carlin To Cher And Into The Digital Age, Blake M. Lawrence

Blake M Lawrence

Abstract: This article argues that FCC enforcement of broadcast indecency has become severely outdated, especially with the internet revolution of the past two decades. In Fox Television Studios v. FCC, the Court insisted on upholding the analysis of In re Pacifica (from the 1970s) which limited indecent speech based on the “unique accessibility” and the “uniquely pervasive” nature of broadcast television. However, the rise of cable television and internet television (from sites such as YouTube and Hulu) has nullified that rationale. The article further argues that the FCC’s method of enforcement based on complaints does not serve the public interest …

Super Deference, The Science Obsession, And Judicial Review Of Agency Science, Emily H. Meazell

Emily H. Meazell

When courts review agencies’ scientific and technical determinations, they often emphasize that the specialized subject matter requires them to be at their most deferential. This “super-deference” principle seems appealing because it is supported by basic notions of institutional competence and accommodates a natural judicial tendency to avoid deep encounters with science. But it stands in stark tension with the expectation that courts must reinforce administrative-law values like participation, transparency, and deliberation. And it fails to further the legitimizing function of incorporating the best possible science into institutional decisionmaking. Surprisingly, there is no scholarship comprehensively assessing super deference. This Article begins …

(If) Things Fall Apart: Searching For Optimal Regulatory Solutions To Combating Climate Change Under Title I Of The Existing Clean Air Act If Congressional Action Fails, Timothy J. Mullins, M. Rhead Enion

Timothy J Mullins

The prospects for a Congressional climate change bill have lessened since the Copenhagen summit. If the legislative process fails, EPA may have a number of options available under the existing Clean Air Act to create a cap-and-trade program that could, in many ways, mimic a Congressionally-created regime. Under Title I in particular, EPA could have this type of authority under the NAAQS program (§§ 107–110) or the New Source Performance Standards and existing source regulation (§ 111(b) and (d)). This Article analyzes the potential of both of these sections and their associated regulatory programs to create a large-scale cap-and-trade program …

Fcc V. Fox Television Stations, Inc. : Towards An Even More Deferential Judiciary?, Alan Moe

Alan W Moe Jr

Censorship has always been a polemical area of constitutional law. The controversy is further amplified when administrative agencies deal with sensitive areas of constitutional liberties. In FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 129 S.Ct. 1800, 1807 (2009), the U.S. Supreme Court dealt with an important issue of constitutional law and its intersection with the standard of judicial review for administrative agencies’ actions. In this case, the Court upheld the Federal Communications Commission’s about-face on its relatively conservative approach to the censorship of broadcasts for reasons of indecency in 2004. The FCC applied against Fox Television Stations its new policy of …

Environmental Deliberative Democracy And The Search For Administrative Legitimacy: A Legal Positivism Approach, Michael R. Harris

Michael R. Harris

Recent scholarship suggests that legitimizing environmental lawmaking will require a breach of the administrative apparatus by democratization of a particular kind, namely the inclusion of greater public discourse within the context of administrative decision-making and more meaningful civic self-determination. In this article, I examine this claim through the lens of modern legal positivism. It is argued that legal positivism provides the tools necessary to test for and identify the specific structural deficiencies that undermine the legitimacy of the administrative state as a lawmaking institution, and more importantly, to determine what legal changes to agency practice and procedure must be implemented …

When Natural Science Meets The Dismal Science, Stephanie Tai

Stephanie Tai

Both the natural sciences—such as ecology, biology, chemistry, and physics—and economics—the so-called “dismal science”— have become integral to contemporary governance. This article examines how the Supreme Court and appellate courts have taken into account developments in natural science and economics in evaluating Commerce Clause challenges to environmental laws, and applies this examination to the context of wetlands regulation. I present a descriptive claim: that courts, especially the Supreme Court, have already been incorporating new developments in science and economics in their Commerce Clause opinions; this use of developments in scientific and economic research, I contend, arises out of the empirical …