Law Commons^™

Collaborative Navigation Of The Stormy E-Discovery Seas, Robert Douglas Brownstone

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Seventy years ago, when the world was still paper-based, a famous lyricist wrote: “Say, it’s only a paper moon [s]ailing over a cardboard sea. But it wouldn’t be make-believe [i]f you believed in me.” Jump to today’s digital world, and imagine those lines re-written in an e-mail from a litigator to a client: “Now, underneath each paper moon is a vast electronic sea. If you plot a realist’s course you’ll cruise e-Discovery.” In the twentieth century, while civil litigation often wallowed in discovery disputes, at least paper’s one-dimensional nature provided several boundaries. The expansive powers of …

An Analysis Of The Factors That Determine When And How To Resolve A Trademark Dispute, Thomas J. Speiss, Stephen M. Levine

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Business and war have one thing in common: strategy. “Never to be undertaken thoughtlessly or recklessly, [strategy is] to be preceded by measures designed to make it easy to” obtain the desired outcome. “A skilled general must be master of the complementary arts of simulation and dissimulation; while creating shapes to confuse and delude the [negotiating adversary] he conceals his true dispositions and ultimate intent.” His actions “are designed to entice the [adversary], to unbalance him, and to create a situation favourable for a decisive counter-stroke.”

An Introduction To Artificial Intelligence And Legal Reasoning: Using Xtalk To Model The Alien Tort Claims Act And Torture Victim Protection Act, Eric Allen Engle

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

This paper presents an introduction to artificial intelligence for legal scholars and includes a computer program that determines the existence of jurisdiction, defences, and applicability of the Alien Tort Claims Act and Torture Victims Protection Act. The paper includes a discussion of the limits and implications of computer programming in formal representations of the law. Concluding that formalization of the law reveals implicit weaknesses in reductionist legal theories, this paper emphasizes the limitations in practice of such theories.

Learning From The Mistakes Of The Past: Disclosure Of Financial Conflicts Of Interest And Genetic Research, Christopher Jackson

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

“Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body . . . .” From Benjamin Cardozo’s early expression of the principle of patient autonomy emerged the doctrine of informed consent, defined by both contract and fiduciary laws and elaborated upon by courts, state and federal legislatures, and professional associations. Later, as the world sought to reassemble itself following the horrors of World War II, the promulgation of the Nuremberg Code established an international standard for the treatment of human research subjects. The experiences of the Nazi atrocities, …

The Courtroom 21 Project: Creating The Courtroom Of The Twenty-First Century, Fredric I. Lederer

Popular Media

No abstract provided.

The Avid Sportsman And The Scope For Self-Protection: When Exculpatory Clauses Should Be Enforced, Robert Heidt

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Past And Present Proposed Amendments To The United States Constitution Regarding Marriage, Edward D. Stein

Articles

Proposals to amend the Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriages were recently actively discussed in the U.S. Senate and are likely to receive attention in the House before the year's end. This article situates arguments for these proposals within the history of attempts to amend the Constitution related to marriage by providing the first detailed, synthetic analysis of such previously proposed amendments. This examination reveals 133 previously proposed amendments to the Constitution relating to marriage, consisting primarily of proposals to prohibit interracial marriage, proposals to prohibit polygamy, and proposals to empower Congress to make uniform laws concerning marriage and divorce. By …

Religious Institutions, The No-Harm Doctrine, And The Public Good, Marci A. Hamilton

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Establishment Clause During The 2004 Term: Big Cases, Little Movement, Marci A. Hamilton

Articles

No abstract provided.

Complex Litigation: Key Findings From The California Pilot Program, Paula Hannaford-Agor

Popular Media

The California Judicial Council initiated its Complex Civil Litigation Pilot Program to address concerns raised by business litigants about the time and expense needed to resolve complex cases, the consistency of decision making, and perceptions that the substantive law governing commercial transactions was becoming increasingly incoherent. Two issues in particular were highlighted as problematic. The first was the use of a master calendar system that diffused judicial decision making and accountability for efficient case management. The second was excessive reliance on, and insufficient judicial oversight of, referees and special masters appointed to manage complex litigation.

In a three-year evaluation of …

Good Guys And Bad Guys: Punishing Character, Equality And The Irrelevance Of Moral Character To Criminal Punishment, Ekow Yankah

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Immense Rumor, Peter Goodrich

Articles

The article explores the intersection of friendship and law, particularly through the lens of Jacques Derrida's theory, which posits that the concept of friendship is inherently paradoxical and shaped by legal and theological frameworks. Derrida argues that the "immense rumor" of friendship reflects a historical inability to articulate amity publicly, leading to a repression of friendship in the public sphere. This repression is rooted in the humanist tradition, which draws from Graeco-Roman and Judeo-Christian influences, emphasizing the primacy of political or communal bonds over individual friendships. The analysis reveals that legal discourses have imposed prohibitions on the role of friendship, …

Lo Stato Di Diritto E La Legittimità Della Democrazia Costituzionale, Michel Rosenfeld

Articles

No abstract provided.

Grutter V. Bollinger: This Generation's Brown V. Board Of Education, Michelle Adams

Articles

At first blush, Grutter appears to be a deviation from the body of the Court's recent affirmative action jurisprudence: it says "yes" where the other cases said "no." But it is not so clear that Grutter is a deviation from current law. Instead, it might be seen as consistent with it, in that the justification for the racial preference recognized in Grutter transcended the justifications offered in the previous cases, and the method used to achieve that end, "race as a factor," diffused rather than highlighted race. From this perspective, Grutter addressed several concerns that had troubled the Court for …

Lawrence And Garner: The Love (Or At Least Sexual Attraction) That Finally Dared Speak Its Name, Paris R. Baldacci

Articles

No abstract provided.

Whistling In The Dark? Corporate Fraud, Whistleblowers, And The Implications Of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act For Employment Law, Miriam A. Cherry

Faculty Publications

Passed in 2002 in the wake of the accounting scandals that resulted in billions of dollars of lost value to shareholders, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has as its major goal the prevention of corporate corruption. This Article analyzes the impact of section 806, the portion of the Sarbanes-Oxlcy Act that provides protections for employees who report securities fraud, and describes the effect that Sarbanes-Oxley has on existing employment law. In addition, this Article contributes to the debate over the general effectiveness of the .Sarbanes-Oxley Act, a topic of contention among both academics and press commentators. This Article argues that the Act …

Sec Enforcement Of Attorney Up-The-Ladder Reporting Rules: An Analysis Of Institutional Contraints, Norms, And Biases, Michael A. Perino

Faculty Publications

In their paper and in their earlier comments to the SEC on the proposed attorney reporting rules, Professors Cramton, Cohen and Koniak do an excellent job recounting the genesis of the attorney reporting requirements in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, describing the SEC's proposed and final rules and critiquing the rule's triggering mechanism and now apparently shelved noisy withdrawal requirement. Their case study of the recent Spiegel, Inc. independent examiner's report is a particularly useful vehicle for examining the practical implications of the SEC's policy and drafting choices. Although I was a member of a committee that submitted comments opposed to noisy …

International Decision: United States--Continued Dumping And Subsidy Offset Act Of 2000, Mark L. Movsesian

Faculty Publications

This brief article is a report of an international decision of the World Trade Organization Appellate Body on January 16, 2003, concerning the United States’ Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 (WT/DS217 & 234/AB/R). Eleven WTO members—Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the European Communities, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, and Thailand—filed a challenge to the Byrd Amendment in the summer of 2001. A WTO dispute settlement panel, agreeing with the complaining parties, made two major findings. First, the panel concluded that the Byrd Amendment constitutes an impermissible specific action against dumping and subsidization under the Antidumping and SCM Agreements. …

Against Global Governance In The Wto, John O. Mcginnis, Mark L. Movsesian

Faculty Publications

In "Global Governance and the WTO," Professor Andrew Guzman has done an impressive job of articulating a vision of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that many international lawyers share. In this vision, the WTO's mission should be expanded beyond its present task of facilitating tariff reductions and preventing covert protectionism. Rather, the WTO should take on substantive authority in a wide variety of non-trade areas, including the environment, labor, human rights, and public health. Unlike many people who share this vision, Guzman takes the time to describe how it might best be accomplished. He advocates specialized WTO departments and periodic …

Using Adr To Resolve Online Disputes, Aashit Shah

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

In the context of the Internet, where parties located in different corners of the world can contract with each other at the click of a mouse, litigation of online disputes is often inconvenient, impractical, time-consuming and prohibitive. Providing an alternative approach to resolve online disputes might assist in redressing grievances and gaining consumer confidence in e-commerce. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is an appurtenant candidate for such an approach. The Virtual Magistrate Project, launched in 1996, initiated the idea of using ADR to resolve Internet-related disputes. The joint statement promoting the use of ADR in cyberspace, made by the European Union …

Brief Of Amicus Curiae — U.S. States

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

America is frustrated with telemarketing. To help individuals reclaim a measure of peace and privacy in their homes, the States and, later, the federal agencies had to step in. On behalf of the fifty-one million individuals who have registered on the national do-not-call (“DNC”) list, Amici Curiae California, Colorado, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, …

Brief Of Amici Curiae — Aca International

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

ACA International (“ACA”), formerly known as the American Collectors Association, Inc., is the international trade association for credit and collection professionals. ACA’s members provide a wide variety of accounts receivable management services. Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, ACA represents the interests of approximately 5,300 third-party collection agencies, attorneys, credit grantors and vendor affiliates.

Telemarketing Sales Rule Comment For 16 Cfr Part 310 — American Association Of Retired Persons, David Certner

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

AARP appreciates this opportunity to comment on the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to amend the Telemarketing Sales Rule (the Rule). AARP’s interest in the Telemarketing Sales Rule and concerns about telemarketing abuses are long- standing. Seven years ago we were active participants in the original rulemaking proceeding. Since the adoption of the Rule in 1995, AARP has dedicated signi cant resources to educating consumers about telemarketing fraud and to working with federal, state and local law enforcement agencies to combat it. We have also worked with state legislatures to enact state telemarketing legislation. The existing Rule …

“Do-Not-Call-List” Testimony: Before The Senate Committee On Commerce, Science, And Transportation, Rodney Smolla

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

I wish to thank the Committee for this opportunity to present testimony on the issues implicated by recent judicial rulings concerning the national telemarketing “Do Not Call” registry, developed by both the Federal Trade Commission and Federal Communications Commission.

Arrgh! Hollywood Targets Internet Piracy, Anna E. Engelman, Dale A. Scott

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

As technology advances, the threat of rampant and unprecedented theft of digital media continues to grow. The music industry has already faced, and continues to face, this threat, but has largely failed in defending musicians’ intellectual property.

Grandparents’ Rights: What Every Grandparent Needs To Know, Robin Boyle

Faculty Publications

(Excerpt)

Patricia Perkins Slorah, has written an easy-to-read book for grandparents who are considering assistance from the legal community to secure visitation with their grandchildren. The book is aptly titled, Grandparents’ Rights: What Every Grandparent Needs to Know. For grandparents who are unfamiliar with the court system, Ms. Slorah provides helpful guidance. Although any book about the current state of the laws would be outdated at some point in the future as to what certain laws provide, this book provides timeless personal stories of grandparents who have struggled to gain visitation rights with their grandchildren.

Illinois Brick: A Look Back And A Look Ahead, Edward D. Cavanagh

Faculty Publications

(Excerpt)

In June 1977, the United States Supreme Court decided Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois, ruling that only those dealing directly with price-fixers, and not others in the chain of distribution, are "injured" within the meaning of Section 4 of the Clayton Act in price-fixing cases. The decision struck the death knell to claims by indirect purchasers that illegal overcharges incurred by first purchasers had been passed-on to them through the distribution chain. The so-called direct purchaser rule of Illinois Brick was clear and unequivocal, the very essence of a bright-line rule. Yet, after over a quarter century, the …

Roundtable Discussion - Bankruptcy Reform: Then And Now, G. Ray Warner, Arthur Miller, Christine Dugas, Phil Corwin, David Skeel, Robert Feidler, Gerald K. Smith, Brady Williamson, Richard Levin, Elizabeth Warren, William Bodoh, Samuel Gerdano

Faculty Publications

(Excerpt)

G. Ray Warner: Good morning, welcome back. The final component of our program is this outstanding group of commentators, who will be able to bring us some fresh perspectives on the present, past and possibly even the future of bankruptcy reform. We are very fortunate today to have a collection of some of the people who were most instrumental in the creation of the current Code and also in the efforts that have been percolating through Congress recently to look at the Code again and to consider revisions.

I would like to thank the panel for their willingness to …

Introducing Lawrence V. Texas: Some Background And A Glimpse Of The Future, Edward Stein

Articles

The Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas broke new ground for the legal position of lesbians, gay men and other sexual minorities in the United States. This article reviews the legal background against which Lawrence was decided (focusing on privacy and equal protection arguments). The article then explores the likely implications of this decision, specifically for the recognition of same-sex marriage and the constitutionality of laws that make other sex acts criminal. The article suggests that the most interesting questions after Lawrence concern whether the logic of Justice O'Connor's concurrence (that focused on the equal protection argument) will be …

Rulemaking, Michael Herz

Articles

No abstract provided.