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University Of Richmond Bulletin: Catalog Of The T.C. Williams School Of Law For 2000-2002, University Of Richmond

Law School Catalogues

Method of Instruction

The educational program of the law school is designed to equip its graduates to render the highest quality of legal services, while instilling a sense of professional responsibility. Students are trained in the analysis and solution of legal problems by the application of logical reasoning. The course of study is not designed to teach legal rules, but rather to provide a foundation for the application and analysis of the law and the development of professional skills. The traditional case method of instruction is used in many courses. However, clinical education and courses devoted to various professional skills …

Nlrb Remedies: Where Are They Going?, Leanord Page

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

The National Labor Relations Board's remedies are the vehicles through which the policies of the National Labor Relations Act are realized, and the means by which rights conferred by the Act are protected. Through the appropriate remedies, the Board ensures that conditions at the workplace are restored to those which existed before the onset of unlawful conduct. Effective remedies also deter unlawful conduct and promote voluntary compliance with the Act. Congress chose not to specify the precise remedies that would be available to the Board, understanding the Board's need for flexibility to meet diverse situations and those which Congress did …

The Misappropriation Theory Under The Chinese Securities Law - A Comparative Study With Its U.S. Counterpart, Wenyan Ma

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

The first stock exchange in China, the Shanghai Stock Exchange, opened n December 1990. Since then, China’s securities market has been a journey of unprecedented development. However, the fledgling securities market is troubled by rampant securities fraud, evidence by Chinese officials’ open admission that investment in China’s securities market is very risky because of fraud and corruption. After a tortuous six-year drafting process, on December 29, 1998, the Chinese parliament passed the country’s first national Securities Law (“the Chinese Securities Law”), hoping to regulate the overwhelming fraud and corruption in China’s securities market. The Chinese Securities Law devoted one entire …

Should The Brandenburg V. Ohio Incitement Test Apply In Media Violence Tort Cases?, Rodney A. Smolla

Law Faculty Publications

Imagine that you are a newly-installed justice of a state supreme court. An array of cases come before you in your first term posing, in a variety of contexts, questions concerning the extent to which tort liability may be imposed to compensate victims for injuries or death allegedly caused by presentation of violent material in the media. Here are the cases:

I. The manufacturers of a violent video game are sued for wrongful death by the families of victims of school children murdered in a killing spree at a high school. The plaintiffs allege that the teen-aged boy who committed …

The Next Step For The Ninth Circuit, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

Professor Arthur Hellman recently published a trenchant critique of the report compiled by the Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals. In The Unkindest Cut: The White Commission Proposal to Restructure the Ninth Circuit, he emphasizes that the report adduced little empirical data which demonstrate that the Ninth Circuit operates inefficaciously. Indeed, the commissioners candidly declared: "There is no persuasive evidence that the Ninth Circuit ... is not working effectively ... .'' Despite this admission, the Commission prescribed drastic change with a divisional concept, which Professor Hellman finds flawed. He thus urges that Congress "reject the proposal …

Rethinking Intervention In Environmental Litigation, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

Intervention in Public Law Litigation: The Environmental Paradigm (Environmental Paradigm) substantially enhances understanding of intervention in federal environmental disputes. These controversies are a critical type of modern civil lawsuit and perhaps constitute the quintessential form of public law litigation. Professor Peter Appel comprehensively reviews the lengthy history of the intervention mechanism, scrutinizes the substantial 1966 revision of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24, and closely examines the phenomenon of public law litigation and intervention in it.

Professor Appel finds that federal district court judges liberally grant requests to intervene in these cases, although he asserts that some legal scholars have …

Natural Resources And The White Commission Report, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

Individuals and entities with concerns regarding environmental issues as well as those concerned about the federal judicial system have carefully followed the debate over the possible division of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that has been raging since 1995. During the first session of the 105th Congress, the Senate approved an appropriations rider, which would have established a new Twelfth Circuit including Alaska, Arizona, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and would have left California and Nevada in the Ninth Circuit. That action was very important because neither house of …

Alternative Dispute Resolution At The Environmental Protection Agency, Joel B. Eisen

Law Faculty Publications

This chapter examines how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods to help resolve complex environmental disputes. In recent years, the EPA's use of ADR has increased dramatically in a wide variety of settings. The EPA has made ADR a central feature of its environmental enforcement strategy, encouraged its use in Title VI and environmental justice conflict settings, and turned to negotiated rulemaking as an alternative to the cumbersome notice-and-comment process for the development of new federal regulations. Other EPA programs, such as the Brownfields Economic Redevelopment Initiative, promote nonadversarial methods for tackling complex environmental …

Judicial Review Of Arbitration Awards On Public Policy Grounds: Lessons From The Case Law, Ann C. Hodges

Law Faculty Publications

A review of the case law demonstrates that most of the labor arbitration awards challenged on public policy grounds involve reinstatement of discharged employees. This article analyzes 138 private sector federal cases in which labor arbitration ·awards have been contested on public policy grounds. All the cases reviewed are discharge cases in which arbitration awards reversing the terminations were challenged. The article attempts to determine the factors that influence courts to uphold or overturn arbitration awards. This analysis will provide assistance to arbitrators in writing opinions that are less subject to challenge, and to employers, unions, and their attorneys in …

Introduction, Azizah Y. Al-Hibri

Law Faculty Publications

Putting this issue together was more difficult than we initially expected. Translating and editing jurisprudential articles that fuse law with philosophy and religion requires very advanced skills and is very demanding. Despite all our collective efforts to meet these challenges we are likely to have missed some errors. We are fortunate that everyone who participated in this project was ready to do their best, and thank everyone, particularly our authors, for their commitment and perseverance. Needless to say, the articles in this issue represent the views of their authors and do not reflect views of the Journal itself. The Journal …

The Employment Law Decisions Of The October 1999 Term Of The Supreme Court: Review And Analysis, Ann C. Hodges

Law Faculty Publications

The five employment law cases decided by the Supreme Court during the October 1999 Term bring to nineteen the total number of significant employment law cases decided by the Court during the last three terms. The October 1997 Term cases were marked by primary focus on employer liability, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, for sexual harassment by supervisors. Primary focus during the 1998 Term was on disability discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) and on the constitutionality of actions brought by private parties against states under the Fair Labor Standards Act …

1999 Annual Meeting: Strategic Initiatives Sessions, Timothy L. Coggins

Law Faculty Publications

The Superintendent of Documents with the U.S. Government Printing Office ... the Law Library Director of the Tel Aviv University School of Law ... Justices of the Supreme Courts of Virginia and Oklahoma ... Deans of three library schools .. . Several law school professors .. . the President of the American Judicature Society ... Judges from other courts ... plus many MLL members. These were among the more than 45 individuals who participated in the "Strategic Initiatives" sessions following the Sunday and Monday programs at the 1999 Annual Meeting and Conference in Washington, D.C, in July. The final report …

The White Commission And The Federal Circuit, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

The Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals, or White Commission, ("the Commission") recently issued a report and recommendations for Congress and the President after studying the appellate courts for a year. The Commission investigation emphasized the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, as Congress had instructed. The centerpiece of the Commission's recommendations was a divisional arrangement for the Ninth Circuit and the remaining appellate courts as their caseloads increase. Notwithstanding this focus on the Ninth Circuit, the commissioners compiled a substantial amount of objective empirical data and some subjective information on the other …

Judicial Selection At The Clinton Administration's End, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

During his presidency, Bill Clinton appointed almost half of the presently sitting federal appellate and district court judges. He, therefore, can justifiably claim that he has left a lasting imprint on the federal judiciary. During his 1992 presidential campaign, Clinton promised to choose intelligent, diligent, and independent judges who would increase balance, vigorously enforce fundamental constitutional rights, and possess measured judicial temperament. The initial achievement of the Clinton Administration in selecting members of the federal bench, who make it more diverse and who are exceptionally qualified, demonstrates that the President fulfilled these campaign pledges. President Clinton named unprecedented numbers and …

The Secret Journal Of Sister Jess: A True Story In Honor Of Oliver W. Hill, Sr., Esq., Jonathan K. Stubbs

Law Faculty Publications

Oliver Hill places his finger squarely on a modem struggle, namely, the idea that human beings can be both one and many. Many humans seem to think that it is impossible to have more than one identity. For example, suppose a black person says ''I am a human being first and my color is secondary." Some people hearing this statement would interpret it as a (foolish) repudiation of one's "racial" identity. To some the statement means that he wants to be a human being rather than a black person. That means he must be bleached of his blackness. Thus, in …

Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel, F. Emmit Fitzpatrick, Nialena Caravasos

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

As an accompaniment to the surge of litigation, we have also witnessed an increase in the claims of ineffective representation by counsel. As more and more litigants are called upon to respond to such claims, the appellate courts have been forced to delineate a basic threshold of competence. Not only is the standard by which counsel is deemed effective or ineffective constantly changing, but also decisions of the higher courts have been devoid of a guideline through which future problems may be anticipated. The review of case law below traces the evolution of both state and federal decisions during approximately …

Virginia State Bar Committee To Study The Virginia Code Of Professional Responsibility: Substantive Differences Between The Virgina Rules Of Professional Conduct And The Code Of Professional Responsibility, Tom Spahn

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

The Virginia Rules of Professional Conduct contain provisions that: - require Virginia lawyers to take action that is not required under the Code; - prohibit conduct that is permitted by the Code; - permit conduct that is prohibited by the Code; and - permit conduct that is not explicitly permitted by the Code. The following lists describe these four categories of substantive changes. Each change refers to the applicable Rules provision, as well as the relevant Code provision (if any). For more detailed information, please refer to the Detailed Comparison Chart or to the Rules themselves.

Nlrb Remedies: Where Are They Going?, Leanord Page

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

The National Labor Relations Board's remedies are the vehicles through which the policies of the National Labor Relations Act are realized, and the means by which rights conferred by the Act are protected. Through the appropriate remedies, the Board ensures that conditions at the workplace are restored to those which existed before the onset of unlawful conduct. Effective remedies also deter unlawful conduct and promote voluntary compliance with the Act. Congress chose not to specify the precise remedies that would be available to the Board, understanding the Board's need for flexibility to meet diverse situations and those which Congress did …

Virginia State Bar Committee To Study The Virginia Code Of Professional Responsibility: Substantive Differences Between The Virgina Rules Of Professional Conduct And The Code Of Professional Responsibility, Tom Spahn

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

The Virginia Rules of Professional Conduct contain provisions that: - require Virginia lawyers to take action that is not required under the Code; - prohibit conduct that is permitted by the Code; - permit conduct that is prohibited by the Code; and - permit conduct that is not explicitly permitted by the Code. The following lists describe these four categories of substantive changes. Each change refers to the applicable Rules provision, as well as the relevant Code provision (if any). For more detailed information, please refer to the Detailed Comparison Chart or to the Rules themselves.

Tick, Tick, Tick…The Electoral College, A Ticking Time Bomb, Paul J. Piccard, Ann M. Piccard, Mary M. Piccard

Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest

What can be done about this ticking bomb? Nothing short of a constitutional amendment can stop the clock. Many amendments to change the electoral college system have been proposed.Some have cleared either house of Congress, but not one has reached the states for ratification since the Twelfth Amendment. We consider some possibilities to stop the clock below.

The Extradition Proceedings Against General Pinochet: A Case Study In The Emerging International System Of Criminal Justice, Lee _

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

The ruling of the House of Lords that General Pinochet can be extradited to Spain to stand trial for crimes against humanity lends support to the emerging theory of universal jurisdiction for certain crimes under international law. The following discussion of the elements of General Pinochet's case will show that the international community, by and large, is willing to sacrifice some national sovereignty in order to eradicate torture and other human rights violations. It will do so through an elucidation of the concepts of jus cogens, international ethics, head of state immunity, human rights crimes, universal jurisdiction, and extradition.

The Delivery Of Legal Services Through Multidisciplinary Practices, James M. Mccauley

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

During the last decade, the "Big Six" accounting firms entered into the legal services market overseas by establishing, acquiring, or forming ties with law firms around the world. These entities or business relationships have been called "multidisciplinary practices" or MDPs. Unlike the United States, many European countries do not prohibit partnerships and fee splitting arrangements between lawyers and nonlawyers. The February 1998 issue of the American Bar Association Journal published an article entitled "Squeeze Play" describing a turf war between the major accounting firms and lawyers practicing law in Europe. KPMG Peat Marwick, Arthur Andersen, Ernst & Young, Price Waterhouse, …

Charter School Legislation In Virginia: How Race, Regional Tension, And The Absence Of Crisis Produced A "Weak" Law, Frederick M. Hess, Bradley C. Davis

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

The widespread success of charter school legislation has fostered a perception that charter schooling is apolitical and has clouded our understanding of the politics of the issue. In a case study of Virginia's charter school program, we suggest that three important political variables have been largely overlooked to date. The "weak" form of Virginia's charter school legislation can be attributed in large part to: (1) the schism between the educationally privileged communities of Northern Virginia and those of the rest of the state, (2) the lack of a perceived educational crisis, and (3) the vocal presence of minority opposition. Teacher …

Tick, Tick, Tick…The Electoral College, A Ticking Time Bomb, Paul J. Piccard, Ann M. Piccard, Mary M. Piccard

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

What can be done about this ticking bomb? Nothing short of a constitutional amendment can stop the clock. Many amendments to change the electoral college system have been proposed.Some have cleared either house of Congress, but not one has reached the states for ratification since the Twelfth Amendment. We consider some possibilities to stop the clock below.

Another Way Of Thinking About Section 105(A) And Other Sources Of Supplemental Law Under The Bankruptcy Code, David G. Epstein

Law Faculty Publications

In this article we discuss the role of 105 in bankruptcy law generally rather than in specific bankruptcy cases. We mention a few cases as examples. Mainly, we aim at 105. We work toward an understanding of this section that explains our view of the bottom issue that determines the proper role and use of 105 and also the proper role and use of supplemental law generally.

University Of Richmond Law Review Index

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Our Imperial First Amendment, Paul D. Carrington

University of Richmond Law Review

I come to the First Amendment not as a member of the cogno- scenti, but as an observer of the secondary effects on judicial institutions of some interpretations of the Amendment made over the last thirty-five years or so. I deplore those specific effects and I will be direct in saying so. But in considering them, I have been struck by the extent of the federal courts' progress in subordinating to their own governance a wide range of other issues of great concern to citizens, all in the name of the First Amendment, a text intended to foster democratic institutions.

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Environmental Law, Eric A. Degroff

University of Richmond Law Review

This article summarizes federal and state environmental developments occurring in, or potentially affecting, the Commonwealth of Virginia during the period of June 1998 to June 2000. Legislative, regulatory, and judicial developments are included.

Protect The Press: A First Amendment Standard For Safeguarding Aggressive Newsgathering, Erwin Chemerinsky

University of Richmond Law Review

Few occu.pations or professions rank lower than reporters in public esteem. In July 1999, Justice Stephen Breyer participated as a panelist at the Ninth Circuit Judicial Conference and was challenged by Associated Press reporter Linda Deutsch about the absence of cameras in the Supreme Court. Justice Breyer explained that the Court did not want to risk its relatively high level of public esteem by placing itself on television. Justice Breyer noted the lack of respect for the media and said that the Court did not want to see its esteem ratings lowered to that of the press.

Qualified Intimacy, Celebrity, And The Case For A Newsgathering Privilege, Rodney A. Smolla

University of Richmond Law Review

In this symposium issue Robert Nagel, Diane Zimmerman, Robert O'Neil, and Erwin Chemerinsky explore the intersection of privacy and freedom of the press. In his fascinating inquiry into privacy and celebrity in modern American life, Robert Nagel demonstrates the connection between the American public's strong commitment to privacy and its simultaneous passion for robust protection of freedom of speech. Among his most important insights is the exposure of "pseudo-intimacy" as a principal currency of contemporary celebrity status. Diane Zimmerman, Robert O'Neil, and Erwin Chemerinsky all investigate the legal principles that ought to surround aggressive and surreptitious newsgathering techniques, each in …