Law Commons^™

U.N. Security Council Resolution 1540: An Exemplary Model For A Framework To Safeguard Dangerous Dams Against Sabotage By Nonstate Actors, Ian Andrew Barber

UC Law SF International Law Review

The purpose of this research is to explore how an international framework could be developed in order to safeguard large dams against sabotage by nonstate actors, such as terrorist organizations or hostile civilians. The necessity of an international security agreement to manage dams as a global security threat will be clearly substantiated via an analysis of three determinants: the possible magnitude of dam failure, the inadequacies of international law to regulate asymmetric warfare, and the evolving threat of dam sabotage in the developing world. Subsequently, various legal components and regulatory mechanisms from an existing international agreement will be considered with …

Globalization Of Japanese Lawyers: Achievements,Challenges, And Expectations Of American Law Schools, Setsuo Miyazawa

UC Law SF International Law Review

The topic of the 2016 symposium was “Globalization of Japanese Lawyers: Achievements, Challenges, and Expectations of American Law Schools.” The symposium was held on November 18, 2016. This symposium commemorated the signing of the cooperation and the exchange agreement between UC Hastings and Niben. The 2016 symposium was organized to explore the following inquiries: how Japanese lawyers have been coping with a globalizing legal market; how much and in what way have Japanese lawyers become globalized; achievements of Japanese lawyers; challenges of Japanese lawyers; and finally what they expect from American law schools in their effort of globalization. We were …

California Environmental Quality Act Lawsuits And California’S Housing Crisis, Jennifer Hernandez

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

Friends Of The Eel River, Iccta Preemption, And The Future Of California High Speed Rail Litigation, Christopher J. Butcher, Johannah E. Kramer

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

Too Big To Fail: Limiting Public Risk In Hydropower Licensing, Joshua Viers, Daniel Nover

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

The Breathers Of Bayview Hill: Redevelopment And Environmental Justice In Southeast San Francisco, Lindsey Dillon

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

The True Cost Of “Cheap” Seafood: An Analysis Of Environmental And Human Exploitation In The Seafood Industry, Tiffany T. V. Duong

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

Environmental Justice Act Of 2017: A Fighting Chance For Frontline Communities, Jeremy Orr

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

Safeguarding Development: Risk Reduction In U.S. Government Foreign Aid And Investment Facilitation Beyond The Current Patchwork, Naomi Roht-Arriaza

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

An Introduction To The Student Pieces, Hadar Aviram, David Takacs

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

Accountability For Pesticide Poisoning Of Undocumented Farmworkers, Elizabeth Lincoln

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

Crafting A Standard: Environmental Crimes As Crimes Against Humanity Under The International Criminal Court, Jessica Durney

UC Law Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

Federalism Friction In The First Year Of The Trump Presidency, Vikram David Amar

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

Over the last twelve months or so, federalism principles have been repeatedly invoked by state and local governments in a range of lawsuits and legislative proposals seeking to block or temper federal policy initiatives emanating from the new Administration of President Donald Trump. In this essay, I hope to sketch out a few of the more high-profile federalism flashpoints that have emerged over the past year or so, and offer some preliminary assessments of some of the decisions that lower courts (and legislative bodies) have been rendering in some of them. I try to highlight areas of agreement and areas …

Jeopardizing Their Communities, Their Safety, And Their Lives: Forced Concealed Carry Reciprocity's Threat To Federalism, Hannah E. Shearer

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

The Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act (H.R. 38) is a gun bill that would force each state to recognize and enforce the concealed carry laws of every other state. State laws governing the concealed carry of firearms vary widely in how effectively they screen out reckless or unlawful gun carriers. Weaker state laws let more people carry with fewer background checks or other restrictions, and H.R. 38 would extend the geographic scope of the weakest concealed carry laws in the nation, without requiring that Congress actually adopt a weak national standard. This Essay argues that forced reciprocity violates the division of …

The President's Constitutional Responsibility To Confront Climate Change And Invest In Renewable Energy For National Security, Bishop Garrison

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

Climate change is having a direct effect on the United States as well as the rest of the world. The national security community has long identified climate change as an ongoing security threat. For decades, plans of action have been established to address it, but the issue is still treated from a more partisan space than with the heft of a danger with lasting consequences. If national security leaders have deemed it a hazard, it follows that the leader of the Free World-the president of the United States-has a duty under the U.S. Constitution to protect against such a threat. …

Constitutionally Compromised Democracy: The United States District Clause, Its Historical Significance, And Modern Repercussions, Bradley Raboin

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

The United States is widely considered the most prominent example of the modem democratic state. Yet, America's most prolific historical document remains imbued with a seemingly impossible contradiction. The District of Columbia, the Constitutionally mandated territory housing the federal government and serving as the literal epicenter of American democracy, does not actually provide representation to citizens living in that district. Incredibly, the very place created to house a government "for the people, of the people, and by the people," does not even allow the people residing therein to partake in that government.

This Article examines this Constitutional conflict within American …

Sex Offender Regulations And The Rule Of Law: When Civil Regulatory Schemes Circumvent The Constitution, Ryan W. Porte

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

The U.S. Supreme Court last decided the issue of whether post-incarceration sex offender regulations constituted punishment or nonpunitive regulations over twenty years ago. In coming to its conclusion, the Supreme Court assessed the regulations as they were written in the 1990s and the early 2000s and maintained the assumption that offenders constituted a greater danger to the public than other classes of criminals. In 2018, post-incarceration sex offender regulations are far more restrictive than they were two decades ago and scientific studies tend to refute the public belief that sex offenders are more recidivistic than other criminals. Recognizing this, some …

Emoluments, Zones Of Interests, And Political Questions: A Cautionary Tale, Jed Handelsman Shugerman, Gautham Rao

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

As the Supreme Court addresses partisan gerrymanders in 2018, the "political question" doctrine is facing intense scrutiny. Will the Court tackle the problem or punt once again? It turns out that other high-profile cases in the lower courts offer a perspective on the political question doctrine. The Emoluments cases offer a cautionary tale about the use of the political question doctrine, and how the political question doctrine is too often an unconsciously tempting escape forjudges facing challenging legal questions.

The dismissal by the Southern District of New York in CREW v. Trump avoided reaching the merits of the emoluments claims …

Analyzing The Disappearance Of Women’S Surnames And The Retrenchment Of Their Political-Legal Status In Early Modern England, Deborah Anthony

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

Multiple economic and political developments appear to have jointly contributed to the constriction of women’s surnames throughout history, including feudalism, the English common law, capitalism, colonialism and imperialism, and the development of the nation-state and its attendant concept of citizenship. While history generally moves in a positive direction, principles of coverture and female legal impotence appear to have in some ways become increasingly restrictive, with women’s surnames as one indication of that. Viewing the use of women’s surnames in terms of their effects on women, reveals the ways in which surname usage wrought a new formal exclusiveness and subordination of …

No Justice For Guatemalan Women: An Update 20 Years After Guatemala’S First Violence Against Women Law, Héctor Ruiz

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This article is a report update examining the development and implementation of violence against women laws in Guatemala. In 2015, the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies, accompanied by U.C. Hastings, College of the Law professors and students, including the author, went to Guatemala and met with various agencies who work to combat violence against women. This report summarizes the study’s findings, in addition to offering recommendations to the Guatemalan and United States governments on how to protect women and children in Guatemala from gender-based violence.

Street Harassment: The Need For Criminal Remedies, Sonja Arndt

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

This article shines light on the lack of street harassment laws in the United States, while outlining why there is an immediate need for these types of laws. The author seeks to develop a working legal definition of street harassment, while subcategorizing street harassment into three separate categories: catcalling, verbal sexual harassment, and verbal sexual assault. Lastly, the author puts forth a legal proposal which would criminalize verbal sexual harassment and verbal sexual assault.

“The World Is Changing Fast, And Women Will Be On Top”, Hastings Women’S Law Journal

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

Rep. Sam Farr represented the Central Coast of California in the U.S. House of Representatives for 23 years. During his time in Congress, he was given the unique opportunity to visit foreign countries and captured photos along the way. Rep. Farr shares three photos of women abroad, while also providing a short interview with Hastings Women’s Law Journal.

The Legal Implications Under Federal Law When States Enact Biology-Based Transgender Bathroom Laws For Students And Employees, Marka B. Fleming, Gwendolyn Mcfadden-Wade

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

Recently, numerous states have considered enacting transgender bathroom laws based on the individual’s biological sex. In some cases, when these biology-based laws have been enacted, the results have been lawsuits filed by students and employees claiming violations of Title IX and Title VII. Actually, the legal rights of transgender students and employees when using public restrooms or facilities has become a hot topic of debate in recent times. In addressing this hotly debated topic, this article focuses on the transgender bathroom issue at the state level and provides insight into the attempts by states to turn policy into law. First, …

Shackling Women During Labor: A Closer Look At The Inhume Practice Still Occurring In Our Prisons, Amanda Glenn

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

Despite legislation and policy to prevent such things from happening, incarcerated pregnant women are still being shackled and restrained when they give birth in prison. Shackling women during childbirth creates risks for both mother and child, and is completely unnecessary to ensure the safety of prison or heath personnel. This note reviews the rules and policies in place on both the federal and state level and highlights several personal stories of women who have been restrained, even when rules prohibiting the use of shackles are on the books. This note also emphasizes the gaps in the law and suggests the …

Freedom Of Speech Remains Superior To All Other Alternatives, David L. Faigman

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

And Yet It Moves - The First Amendment And Certainty, Ronald K. L. Collins

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

Few works on the First Amendment have explored the relation between free speech and certainty. While this relationship is inherent in much free speech theory and doctrine, its treatment has nonetheless been rather opaque. This Essay teases outphilosophically, textually, and operationally-the significance of that relationship and what it means for our First Amendment jurisprudence. This Essay examines how the First Amendment operates to counter claims of certainty and likewise how it is employed to demand a degree of certainty from those who wish to cabin free speech rights. This Essay argues that many free speech theories (from Milton to Meiklejohn …

Certainty And The Censor's Dilemma, Robert Corn-Revere

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

In a free society the censor never has the moral high ground. This fact rests uneasily with one of the primary qualities of the censor-certainty. It's right there in the job description. As Justice Anthony Kennedy has written, "[s]elf-assurance has always been the hallmark of a censor." Chief Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes captured the ethos of censorship nearly a century ago in his famous Abrams v. United States dissent: "Persecution for the expression of opinions seems to me perfectly logical. If you have no doubt of your premises or your power and want a certain result with all your heart …

Clash Of The First And Second Amendments: Proposed Regulation Of Armed Protests, Katlyn E. Deboer

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

The United States has strayed far from its traditional use of citizen militias to demand freedom from the British and has taken a deep dive into a practice of flaunting weapons at political protests as a display of bravado to provoke fear, chill opposition, and reap media attention. The recent "Unite The Right" rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, and its resulting violent pandemonium brought the issue of open carry protests to the forefront of public discourse. Armed protesters cling to their First and Second Amendment rights as shields to justify the semiautomatic firearms slung about their backs, but is this faith …

Striking The Right Balance: Hate Speech Laws In Japan, The United States, And Canada, Craig Martin

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

This Article engages in a comparative examination of three different approaches to finding the right balance between legal limits on hate speech and the right to freedom of expression. The Japanese and American systems have struggled to find both a sufficiently important purpose to justify hate speech laws, or an appropriate limiting principle to narrow their scope. Neither system views hate speech laws as implicating equal protection rights, and so the balance is heavily in favor of freedom of speech. The American doctrine views hate speech laws as justifiable only if they can come within other ill-fitting categories of lesser-protected …

Hating Hate Speech: Why Current First Amendment Doctrine Does Not Condemn A Careful Ban, Rory K. Little

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

In the wake of the 2017 Charlottesville protests and the recent revival of "white supremacy" rallies, some constitutional scholars have asserted once again that a "hate speech ban" is unconstitutional under the First Amendment. There are certainly strong policy and historical arguments to oppose such a ban, although the Supreme Court upheld such a ban in 1942 and has never overruled that precedent. The doctrinal objection to such a ban is based on a restrictive adoption of Brandenburg v. Ohio, and a failure to fully explicate the alternative ground for prohibition found in the Supreme Court's repeated definition of "fighting …