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Indigenous, Indian, and Aboriginal Law

2020

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Full-Text Articles in Law

Montana Water Rights Protection Act, United States 116th Congress Dec 2020

Montana Water Rights Protection Act, United States 116th Congress

Native American Water Rights Settlement Project

The purposes of this Act are: (1) to achieve a fair, equitable, and final settlement of claims to water rights in the State of Montana, and in recognition of article I, and section 3 of article IX, of the Montana State Constitution for (A) the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Indian Reservation; and (B) the United States, for the benefit of the Tribes and allottees; (2) to authorize, ratify, and confirm the water rights compact entered into by the Tribes and the State, to the extent that the Compact is consistent with this Act; (3) to authorize …


Navajo-Utah Water Rights Settlement Act, United States 116th Congress Dec 2020

Navajo-Utah Water Rights Settlement Act, United States 116th Congress

Native American Water Rights Settlement Project

The purposes of this section are: (1) to achieve a fair, equitable, and final settlement of all claims to water rights in the State of Utah for (A) the Navajo Nation and (B) the United States, for the benefit of the Nation; (2) to authorize, ratify, and confirm the agreement entered into by the Nation and the State, to the extent that the agreement is consistent with this section; (3) to authorize and direct the Secretary (A) to execute the agreement and (B) to take any actions necessary to carry out the agreement in accordance with this section; and (4) …


Aamodt Litigation Settlement Completion, United States 116th Congress Dec 2020

Aamodt Litigation Settlement Completion, United States 116th Congress

Native American Water Rights Settlement Project

Amends the Aamodt Litigation Settlement Act (Pub. L. 11-291) to increase funding for Pueblo Water Facilities from $106.4 million to $243.4 million and making available $137 million for Regional Water System funding.


Mortgage Lending On Tribal Lands: Federal Fair Lending Protections, Public-Private Partnerships, And Tribal Solutions For Increasing Access To Mortgage Credit On Tribal Lands, Abby Hogan Dec 2020

Mortgage Lending On Tribal Lands: Federal Fair Lending Protections, Public-Private Partnerships, And Tribal Solutions For Increasing Access To Mortgage Credit On Tribal Lands, Abby Hogan

American Indian Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Another Inappropriate F Word: Fiduciary Doctrine And The Crown-Indigenous Relationship In Canada, Bryan Birtles Dec 2020

Another Inappropriate F Word: Fiduciary Doctrine And The Crown-Indigenous Relationship In Canada, Bryan Birtles

American Indian Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Rehabilitative Justice: The Effectiveness Of Healing To Wellness, Opioid Intervention, And Drug Courts, Majidah M. Cochran, Christine L. Kettel Dec 2020

Rehabilitative Justice: The Effectiveness Of Healing To Wellness, Opioid Intervention, And Drug Courts, Majidah M. Cochran, Christine L. Kettel

American Indian Law Journal

No abstract provided.


The Indian Child Welfare Act’S Application To Civil Commitments Of Indian Children In State Court Proceeding, Courtney Lewis Dec 2020

The Indian Child Welfare Act’S Application To Civil Commitments Of Indian Children In State Court Proceeding, Courtney Lewis

American Indian Law Journal

Currently there is no clear guidance on the Indian Child Welfare Act’s (ICWA) application in the context of a civil commitment proceeding, which generally occurs at the state level. This Article argues that ICWA applies to any state court proceeding for civil commitment of an Indian child if the Indian parent cannot have their child returned upon demand. The plain language of ICWA provides for this reasonable interpretation. ICWA enacts rights for Indian children, their parents, and their tribes when a party seeks the removal of the Indian child for placement in an institution. Without adherence to these rights, an …


Peyote Crisis Confronting Modern Indigenous Peoples: The Declining Peyote Population And A Demand For Conservation, James D. Muneta Dec 2020

Peyote Crisis Confronting Modern Indigenous Peoples: The Declining Peyote Population And A Demand For Conservation, James D. Muneta

American Indian Law Journal

Once abundant, the wild growing peyote cactus plants in Texas and Mexico are being drastically reduced and becoming scarce. Peyote, a slow growing cactus contains the hallucinogenic drug mescaline, is a sacred sacrament used in the Native Americans Church (NAC). It is also used religiously by various Indian tribes throughout the country of Mexico. Although peyote is classified as a controlled substance under federal and state laws, U.S. Congress granted NAC members a “peyote exemption” pursuant to the American Indian Religious Freedom Act to legally use peyote for religious purposes. In U.S. v. Boyll, the federal district court interpreted the …


“One Person, One Vote”: Navajo Nation V. San Juan County And Voter Suppression Of Native Americans, Carter Fox Dec 2020

“One Person, One Vote”: Navajo Nation V. San Juan County And Voter Suppression Of Native Americans, Carter Fox

American Indian Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Introduction, Rick Applegate Dec 2020

Introduction, Rick Applegate

Public Land & Resources Law Review

No abstract provided.


Asarco Llc V. Atlantic Richfield Co., Llc, Taylor A. Simpson Dec 2020

Asarco Llc V. Atlantic Richfield Co., Llc, Taylor A. Simpson

Public Land & Resources Law Review

In 2009, Asarco reached a settlement agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency for the arsenic-contaminated East Helena lead smelting facility. As part of the settlement, Asarco was responsible for $111.4 million in cleanup and remediation expenses. Following this payment, Asarco brought a contribution claim under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act against Atlantic Richfield. Finally, in 2020, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that Asarco’s remediation expenses of $111.4 million were not eligible for contribution because the costs were not fully incurred. The Ninth Circuit stated that only incurred or concrete, non-speculative future costs can be eligible …


Law School News: Mike Andrews '97 Nominated To U.S. Court Of Federal Claims 12-15-2020, Michael M. Bowden Dec 2020

Law School News: Mike Andrews '97 Nominated To U.S. Court Of Federal Claims 12-15-2020, Michael M. Bowden

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.


Mcgirt Policy Briefs: Regulation Of The Environment And Natural Resources, Monte Mills Dec 2020

Mcgirt Policy Briefs: Regulation Of The Environment And Natural Resources, Monte Mills

Faculty Journal Articles & Other Writings

On July 9, 2020, the United States Supreme Court issued its decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma. Although the only actual effect of that decision was on Mr. McGirt’s state court criminal conviction, rendering it invalid in light of the continuing existence of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation’s reservation, the implications of McGirt reverberated throughout Oklahoma and the nation. By rejecting Oklahoma’s arguments that the march to statehood had resulted in the implicit disestablishment of the Creek’s reservation (and, by analogy, those of the neighboring and similarly situated Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole Nations), Justice Gorsuch’s opinion on behalf of the Court’s …


An Unfair Cross Section: Federal Jurisdiction For Indian Country Crimes Dismantles Jury Community Conscience, Alana Paris Dec 2020

An Unfair Cross Section: Federal Jurisdiction For Indian Country Crimes Dismantles Jury Community Conscience, Alana Paris

Northwestern Journal of Law & Social Policy

Under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, federal jury pools must reflect a fair cross section of the community in which a crime is prosecuted and from which no distinct group in the community is excluded. The community in which a crime is prosecuted varies widely in Indian country based on legislative reforms enacted by Congress to strip indigenous populations of their inherent sovereignty. Under the Major Crimes Act, the federal government has the right to adjudicate all serious crimes committed by one American Indian against another American Indian or non-Indian within Indian country. American Indian defendants under …


The Deliberative Dimensions Of Modern Environmental Assessment Law, Jocelyn Stacey Dec 2020

The Deliberative Dimensions Of Modern Environmental Assessment Law, Jocelyn Stacey

Dalhousie Law Journal

Environmental assessment (EA) is a cornerstone of environmental law. It provides a legal framework for public decision-making about major development projects with implications for environmental protection and the rights and title of Indigenous Peoples. Despite significant literature supporting deliberation as the preferred mode of engagement with those affected by EA decisions, the specific legal demands of EA legislation remain undeveloped. This article suggests a legal foundation for deliberative environmental assessment. It argues that modern EA can be understood through three public law frames: procedural fairness, public inquiry, and the framework for the duty to consult and accommodate. It further argues …


A Meeting Of The Minds: Utilizing Maine’S State Education System To Promote The Success Of Its Native Students While Maintaining Tribal Sovereignty, Jordan T. Ramharter Nov 2020

A Meeting Of The Minds: Utilizing Maine’S State Education System To Promote The Success Of Its Native Students While Maintaining Tribal Sovereignty, Jordan T. Ramharter

Maine Law Review

The United States Federal Government is failing to provide its Native American students with access to equal educational opportunities. Although “tribal sovereignty” provides tribes with the right to self-govern, a “trust relationship” is maintained between the sovereign nations and the federal government. This duality results in tribes being viewed as “domestic dependent nations” by the federal government. Due to this relationship, the federal government has long recognized not only a right, but a duty to utilize its plenary powers to develop necessary legislative and executive authority in order to support the nation’s tribes. Encompassed in this duty is the responsibility, …


Concluding Remarks: Miyo-Wîcêhtowin, R V Stanley, And Our Future As Lawyers, Signa A. Daum Shanks Nov 2020

Concluding Remarks: Miyo-Wîcêhtowin, R V Stanley, And Our Future As Lawyers, Signa A. Daum Shanks

Articles & Book Chapters

Miyo-wîcêhtowin. It is a term I have learned to express the idea of good behaviour; responsibility to others; and not forgetting those who are the most forgotten, the most in need of help, those whose ways we most benefit from. It is Cree, but its nature and scope is not necessarily unique to Cree circles. It is reinforced by religious references, standards for professional certification and volunteer groups, and personal choices. It is also woven into Canada’s legal system, whether in judicial decisions or in academic or professional discussions. So while we can see it when appreciating cultural tenets or …


Dispute Settlement Under The African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement: A Preliminary Assessment, Olabisi D. Akinkugbe Nov 2020

Dispute Settlement Under The African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement: A Preliminary Assessment, Olabisi D. Akinkugbe

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

The African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement (AfCFTA) will add a new dispute settlement system to the plethora of judicial mechanisms designed to resolve trade disputes in Africa. Against the discontent of Member States and limited impact the existing highly legalized trade dispute settlement mechanisms have had on regional economic integration in Africa, this paper undertakes a preliminary assessment of the AfCFTA Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM). In particular, the paper situates the AfCFTA-DSM in the overall discontent and unsupportive practices of African States with highly legalized dispute settlement systems and similar WTO-Styled DSMs among other shortcomings. Notwithstanding the transplantation of …


Tribalism And Democracy, Seth Davis Nov 2020

Tribalism And Democracy, Seth Davis

William & Mary Law Review

Americans have long talked about “tribalism” as a way of talking about their democracy. In recent years, for example, commentators have pointed to “political tribalism” as what ails American democracy. According to this commentary, tribalism is incompatible with democracy. Some commentators have cited Indian Tribes as evidence to support this incompatibility thesis, and the thesis has surfaced within federal Indian law and policy in various guises up to the present day with disastrous consequences for Indian Tribes. Yet much of the talk about tribalism and democracy—within federal Indian law, and also without it—has had little to do with actual tribes. …


Shared Indigenous And Crown Sovereignty: Modifying The State Model, Kent Mcneil Nov 2020

Shared Indigenous And Crown Sovereignty: Modifying The State Model, Kent Mcneil

Articles & Book Chapters

When European nations colonized North America, their dealings with one another were based on the state model of territorial sovereignty. At the same time, they acknowledged the independence of the Indigenous nations and entered into nation-to-nation treaties with them, whereby sovereignty was to be shared. Consequently, the Westphalian concept of absolute state sovereignty has never applied in North America. While the European nations acquired sovereignty vis-à-vis one another in the international law system that they created, the Indigenous nations retained internal sovereignty and the right to continue governing themselves. This modified concept of state sovereignty has been acknowledged by the …


Scaling Commercial Law In Indian Country, Marc Lane Roark Nov 2020

Scaling Commercial Law In Indian Country, Marc Lane Roark

Texas A&M Law Review

How do you drive economic enterprise in a financial desert? Indian tribes, academics, economists, and policy makers have considered the means and methods for energizing economic growth for forty years. Efforts such as the creation and promotion of the Model Tribal Secured Transactions Act (“MTSTA”) promise much toward creating conditions that would gather financial opportunity to tribal regions that experience poverty at a strikingly higher rate than any other place in the United States. And yet, while the law has been available for more than ten years, tribes have been reticent to adopt it. This Article fills the vacuum in …


Before The Ice Disappears: Pursuing Climate Justice For Inuit Women In The Context Of Mining In Nunavut, Angeline Bellehumeur Oct 2020

Before The Ice Disappears: Pursuing Climate Justice For Inuit Women In The Context Of Mining In Nunavut, Angeline Bellehumeur

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The Arctic’s rapid warming is increasing the potential for mining activity in Nunavut, and, consequently, Inuit women are increasingly at risk of experiencing the adverse and gendered impacts of mining, including gender-based violence. Through a theoretical framework influenced by feminism, Indigenous legal scholarship and legal anthropology, this thesis examines the flaws in the mining industry’s voluntary efforts to acquiring a social licence to operate and in the Nunavut mining regulatory regime, while also considering how the law can provide legal recourse through tort actions and Inuit Impact Benefit Agreements. In every instance, is clear that climate justice for Inuit women …


Enough Is As Good As A Feast, Noah C. Chauvin Oct 2020

Enough Is As Good As A Feast, Noah C. Chauvin

Seattle University Law Review

Ipse Dixit, the podcast on legal scholarship, provides a valuable service to the legal community and particularly to the legal academy. The podcast’s hosts skillfully interview guests about their legal and law-related scholarship, helping those guests communicate their ideas clearly and concisely. In this review essay, I argue that Ipse Dixit has made a major contribution to legal scholarship by demonstrating in its interview episodes that law review articles are neither the only nor the best way of communicating scholarly ideas. This contribution should be considered “scholarship,” because one of the primary goals of scholarship is to communicate new ideas.


The Tribal Right To Exclude Non-Tribal Members From Indian-Owned Lands, Alexander Tallchief Skibine Oct 2020

The Tribal Right To Exclude Non-Tribal Members From Indian-Owned Lands, Alexander Tallchief Skibine

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

In 1981, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Montana v. United States, severely restricting the ability of Indian Tribes to assume civil regulatory and adjudicatory jurisdiction over non-tribal members for activities taking place on non-Indian lands within Indian reservations. The Court in Montana stated that “it could readily agree” with the Court of Appeals’ holding that the tribe could regulate the conduct of non-member on tribal lands. Yet, twenty years later, the Court issued its opinion in Nevada v. Hicks holding that in certain circumstances, the jurisdiction of Indian tribes could also be limited even if the activities of …


Textualism’S Gaze, Matthew L.M. Fletcher Sep 2020

Textualism’S Gaze, Matthew L.M. Fletcher

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

This Article attempts to address why textualism distorts the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence in Indian law. I start with describing textualism in federal public law. I focus on textualism as described by Justice Scalia, as well as Scalia’s justification for textualism and discussion about the role of the judiciary in interpreting texts. The Court is often subject to challenges to its legitimacy rooted in its role as legal interpreter that textualism is designed to combat.


A Colonial Castle: Defence Of Property In R V Stanley, Alexandra Flynn, Estair Van Wagner Sep 2020

A Colonial Castle: Defence Of Property In R V Stanley, Alexandra Flynn, Estair Van Wagner

Articles & Book Chapters

In 2016, Gerald Stanley shot 22-year-old Colten Boushie in the back of the head after Boushie and his friends entered Stanley’s farm. Boushie died instantly. Stanley relied on a hangfire defence, rooted in the defence of accident, and was found not guilty by an all-white jury. Throughout the trial, Stanley invoked concerns about trespass and rural crime (particularly property crime) that raised much evidence of limited relevance to whether or not the shooting was an accident. We argue that the assertions of trespass, without formerly raising the defence of property or trespass, shaped the trial by providing a racist, anti-Indigenous-tinged …


Mcgirt V. Oklahoma, Allison Barnwell Sep 2020

Mcgirt V. Oklahoma, Allison Barnwell

Public Land & Resources Law Review

The United States Supreme Court ruled that large areas of Oklahoma, including much of the City of Tulsa, are reservation land. The case arose from an Oklahoma state court’s conviction of Jimcy McGirt on several criminal offenses. Mr. McGirt argued the State of Oklahoma lacked jurisdiction to prosecute because he was an enrolled member of the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma and committed his crimes on the Creek Reservation. Under the Major Crimes Act, only the federal government has the power to try tribal members for crimes committed on reservation lands. In a five to four decision, the Court held that …


Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review Sep 2020

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Table of Contents


Truth, Reconciliation, And The Cost Of Adversarial Justice, Trevor C. W. Farrow Sep 2020

Truth, Reconciliation, And The Cost Of Adversarial Justice, Trevor C. W. Farrow

Articles & Book Chapters

That Indigenous people in Canada were victimized for well over a century by the residential schools system for Aboriginal children is not in question. The system, which amounted to an “assault on child and culture,” was designed to “kill the Indian in the child.” Whether the legal system – purporting to provide some form of compensation in the context of claims by survivors and their families – has provided justice is a much more open question. The costs – financial, social, health, time, and so on – associated with pursuing the resolution of residential schools claims through the justice system …


Litigating For The Homeland: An Indian Treaty Framework To Climate Litigation In The Wake Of Juliana, Evan Neustater Sep 2020

Litigating For The Homeland: An Indian Treaty Framework To Climate Litigation In The Wake Of Juliana, Evan Neustater

Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law

Climate change is an increasingly pressing issue on the world stage. The federal government, however, has largely declined to address any problems stemming from the effects of climate change, and litigation attempting to force the federal government to take action, as highlighted by Juliana v. United States, has largely failed. This Note presents the case for a class of plaintiffs more likely to succeed than youth plaintiffs in Juliana—federally recognized Indian tribes. Treaties between the United States and Indian nations are independent substantive sources of law that create enforceable obligations on the federal government. The United States maintains a …