Law Commons^™

The Emerging International Consensus As To Criminal Procedure Rules, Craig M. Bradley

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article will demonstrate that these general claims, as well as certain observations about specific countries, were, with one significant exception, substantially wrong when they were written. More importantly, due to significant developments in several countries in the years since those reports came out, they are even more wrong now. That is, not only have the U.S. concepts of pre-interrogation warnings to suspects, a search warrant requirement, and the use of an exclusionary remedy to deter police misconduct been widely adopted, but in many cases other countries have gone beyond the U.S. requirements.

Books Received, Michigan Journal Of International Law

Michigan Journal of International Law

List of books received by the Journal.

South Korea: Implementation And Application Of Human Rights Covenants, Suk Tae Lee

Michigan Journal of International Law

Under article 40 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the State Party undertakes to submit reports on the measures it has adopted which give effect to the rights recognized in the ICCPR and demonstrate the progress it has made in granting its citizens the enjoyment of those rights. The report was examined by the HRC in July 1992 and will be discussed in Part I of this article. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) also requires State Parties to submit reports, but the initial report of the South Korean government has not …

Empowering The Russian Consumer In A Market Economy, James P. Nehf

Michigan Journal of International Law

One purpose of this article is to examine how the legislative product of a declining socialist state will benefit Russian consumers during the unusual circumstances characterizing the period of market transformation. A second purpose is to familiarize Western consumerists with the decidedly pro-consumer features of the Russian law. Part I analyzes the consumer law's provisions that elevate the legal status of consumers when they purchase goods and services. Part II examines the legislation from a different perspective - as a set of legal norms affecting the operation of consumer markets generally. Part III discusses the enforcement mechanisms established in the …

Presidential Systems In Stress: Emergency Powers In Argentina And The United States, William C. Banks, Alejandro D. Carrió

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article offers three comparative insights. First, it concludes that comparative inquiries into presidential systems may be useful for those interested in constitutional government, regardless of historical, cultural, or other contextual differences among nations. Thus, nations with presidentialist constitutional systems may have common problems because of the institutional presidency. The article maintains that our presidential systems are in such states of disrepair that a fundamental reinvigoration of the legislative and judicial branches is required, so that government may better serve important constitutional values in our nations.

Cause For Cautious Celebration: Hungarian Post-Communist Environmental Reform, Karen S. Libertiny

Michigan Journal of International Law

In October 1989, the Hungarian Communist regime collapsed and was replaced by a democratic government. This new government was confronted with a visible and grave concern: environmental degradation. In just three years, the new Hungarian government, sometimes of its own impetus, sometimes at the prodding of environmentalists and foreign governments, has taken tremendous steps toward establishing palpable environmental legislation. More importantly, it has created an administrative and information-gathering infrastructure capable of sustaining a cohesive system of environmental protection initiatives. Although the path to further progress is littered with obstacles, this East European country has proven itself a worthy warrior in …

Participation And Litigation Rights Of Environmental Associations In Europe: Current Legal Situation And Practical Experience, David A. Wirth

Michigan Journal of International Law

Review of the book edited by Martin Führ and Gerhard Roller.

The Rule Of Law In An Emerging World Order, 26 J. Marshall L. Rev. 715 (1993), William Webster

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Constitutionalism In Eastern Europe: Alternatives To The Liberal Social Contract, Brad R. Roth

Law Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Withdrawal And Expulsion In Germany: A Comparative Perspective On The "Close Corporation Problem", Hugh T. Scogin Jr.

Michigan Journal of International Law

This article will examine the German legal system's experience with fashioning remedies for the "close corporation problem" and the underlying concepts that have shaped these remedies. Part I will trace the growth of the doctrines of withdrawal and expulsion in the context of Germany's troubled history. Part II will compare German and U.S. approaches on both practical and conceptual levels. On one level, the focus of the article is narrow. It deals with specific, technical solutions to only the most extreme examples of the close corporation problem. Such cases are not frequently litigated. Their doctrines do, however, constitute default rules …

Business Buy Outs And International Regulation, Keizo Sakata

UC Law SF International Law Review

Although business buy-outs have traditionally been disfavored in Japan, recently Japanese businesses have begun to recognize the numerous benefits business buy-outs offer. The number of Japanese corporations purchasing foreign businesses has dramatically increased in recent years. Business buy-outs, however, pose numerous problems for both the purchasing company and the company being purchased. The author argues that government regulation of business buy-outs should be increased to minimize the problems which may result from such business activity.

Radioactive Waste And Euratom: Towards A More Effective Regime Of Regulation, Samuel B. Angus

UC Law SF International Law Review

The accumulation of radioactive waste is increasingly becoming a world environmental crisis. Radioactive waste poses a special problem to the countries of the European Community. Europe has committed itself to nuclear power and has become one of the world's largest producers of nuclear energy. Moreover, with the 1992 unification of the European Community, nuclear energy output will increase, resulting in a growing production of radioactive waste. Within the European Community, the disposal of radioactive waste is governed by the Euratom Treaty. However, its effectiveness is sharply limited. Individual Member-states retain significant discretion under the Treaty to direct their nuclear energy …

Avoiding Elective Dictatorship In The United Kingdom: Debate On Constitutional And Electoral Reform Through Proportional Representation, John A. Zecca

UC Law SF International Law Review

Constitutional debate in the United Kingdom is focusing on whether the electoral system fairly represents the population. This Note examines the unwritten British Constitution that gives politicians complete control over the country's electoral system. The Note argues that political self-interest has led to current first-past-the-post electoral system that ignores the will of a diverse electorate by polarizing government. The Note then examines alternate electoral systems that use proportional representation to ensure the election of third party candidates. The Note concludes by recommending adoption of an electoral system that incorporates diversity while remaining true to the constitutional heritage of the United …

Canadian Rape Shield Statutes, Mary A. Wagner

UC Law SF International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Extraterritorial Jurisdiction--Environmental Muscle For The North American Free Trade Agreement, Richard Vaznaugh

UC Law SF International Law Review

Critics of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have often focused on Mexico's lack of regulatory enforcement of environmental protection laws. These critics fear that the passage of NAFTA will cause many industries to flock to the Mexican side of the border. These industries will degrade the local environment in the border region and drive U.S. firms complying with our more burdensome (and hence costly) environmental regulations out of business. This Note proposes as a solution to this problem, applying extraterritorial jurisdiction by U.S. courts over environmental claims arising in Mexico. Congress could, by statute, abolish forum non conveniens …

The 1991 Supreme Court Term: Review And Outlook, John O. Mcginnis

Articles

The 1991 Supreme Court Term was the first during which justices originally appointed by Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Bush-Sandra Day O'Connor, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, and Clarence Thomas-constituted a majority. The term's main surprise, however, was that this majority of five-indeed, a majority of six when Chief Justice William Rehnquist, elevated to that position by President Reagan precisely because of his judicial philosophy, is included-did not forge a consistent jurisprudential majority characterized by the strict interpretative approach favored by their sponsoring presidents. While, generally speaking, the Court's decisions certainly continued to represent a departure from the expansive …

Litigation Cost Allocation Rules And Compliance With The Negligence Standard, Keith N. Hylton

Faculty Scholarship

This article examines compliance, incentives to bring suit, and incentives to settle in a negligence regime under alternative litigation cost allocation rules. Four allocation rules are considered: the American rule, which requires each party to pay his own costs; the British rule, which requires the losing party to pay the winning party's costs in addition to his own; the prodefendant rule, which requires the defendant to pay only his own costs if he loses and nothing otherwise; and the proplaintiff rule, which requires the plaintiff to pay only his own costs if he loses and nothing otherwise.

Subsidiarity And The European Community, George Bermann

Faculty Scholarship

The notion of subsidiarity in European federalism labors from all manner of burdens. It seems elusive by nature, commentators claiming that they do not know what subsidiarity means or, if they do, that they do not see in it anything new. At the same time subsidiarity has been presented at least in some quarters as a panacea for the Community's current malaise. It clearly is not that. Even if subsidiarity has not been oversold, it is almost certainly overexposed, a condition that the present Article is unlikely to cure.

My purpose in this Article is simply to help make some …

Some Comparative Remarks About The Efficacy Of International And Constitutional Law, Mark Weston Janis

Faculty Articles and Papers

No abstract provided.

The French Référé Procedure - A Legal Miracle?, Wallace R. Baker, Patrick De Fontbressin

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Association Agreement Between The Republic Of Poland And The European Community: An Economic And Political Analysis, Ania M. Frankowska-Budzen

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

Harmonization Of Indirect Taxation And The Creation Of The Internal Market, Till Müller-Ibold

University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

Book Review: Policing Japan, Daniel H. Foote

Book Reviews

Professor Setsuo Miyazawa's Policing in Japan: A Study on Making Crime represents a very valuable addition to the growing body of English-language works on the Japanese police. This is the first such observational study of the police by a Japanese scholar and the only study to examine the behavior of Japanese detectives. Miyazawa, a professor at Kobe University and one of the leading legal sociologists in Japan, has buttressed his own observations with an extensive, and revealing, questionnaire survey of police attitudes.

The Application Of U.S. Antidumping Law To The Imports From The People's Republic Of China: Review Of Evolution And Need For Revolution, Li Yang

LLM Theses and Essays

Despite the dramatic increase in trade between the U.S. and China since the normalization of relations between the countries in 1979, China is still confronted with U.S. laws that hinder trade. The most serious threat to Sino-U.S. trade is the U.S. antidumping law, which authorizes the imposition of a duty on imported merchandise that the Department of Commerce determines is sold at less than fair value, if the U.S. International Trade Commission determines the U.S. industry in that field is materially injured. This law and cases interpreting it are examined. With its low wage rate and lack of cost accounting, …

Understanding Prosecutorial Discretion In The United States: The Limits Of Comparative Criminal Procedure As An Instrument Of Reform, William T. Pizzi

Publications

No abstract provided.

Developing A New Constitution For Poland, Andrzej Balaban

Cleveland State Law Review

Without examining the long, complicated, and even distinguished constitutional history of Poland, it is impossible to understand the challenge facing that country as endeavors to establish a new Polish constitution are underway. History and tradition have long been the inspirational force and strength behind Poland's continual resistance to aggressors and occupiers, including the communist authorities. Ultimately, the constitutional history of Poland proved to be a dominating factor in the defeat of communism and the development of an independent Polish state, changes which lead to similar events throughout the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. This examination of the constitutional history …

Harm, Morality, And Feminist Religion: Canada's New -- But Not So New -- Approach To Obscenity, Daniel O. Conkle

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Consumer Protection Laws In Bulgaria, James R. Mccall, Lonel M. Allen, Vincent Brannigan, Janet Crosson

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Making America Competitive, Mark J. Loewenstein

Publications

No abstract provided.

Some Worries About Sentencing Guidelines, William T. Pizzi

Publications

No abstract provided.