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Articles 61 - 90 of 100
Full-Text Articles in Industrial Engineering
Solving A Hydtrotreater Feed Filter Fouling Problem, X.A. Wu, K.H. Chung
Solving A Hydtrotreater Feed Filter Fouling Problem, X.A. Wu, K.H. Chung
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
Feed filters were installed in Syncrude hydrotreater units to protect the catalyst beds from plugging by fine solids in the feed. Severe filter fouling occurred after a process flow sheet change. The root cause of fouling was revealed through a step-by-step scientific investigation. It was first confirmed that the fouling problem was related to a process flow sheet change that introduced a heavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) stream into the coker combined gas oil (KCGO) stream prior to filtration. Characterization of the foulant and the feed indicated that the fouling reactions are likely oxidative polymerization. Iron naphthenate or naphthenic acid …
Electrochemical Impedance And Digital Image Methods To Detect Initial Deposition Of Microorganisms, H. Men, S. W. Mu, Z. W. Lu, Y. L. Chen, S.R. Yang, Y. P. Jia, S. X. Cao
Electrochemical Impedance And Digital Image Methods To Detect Initial Deposition Of Microorganisms, H. Men, S. W. Mu, Z. W. Lu, Y. L. Chen, S.R. Yang, Y. P. Jia, S. X. Cao
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
Microorganism in industrial cooling water can cause corrosion and biofouling. Electrochemical impedance method and digital image method (DIM) were used to detect quantitatively iron bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. Microorganism growth and metabolism can change the impedance of culture medium. The detection time of impedance variation lie in the function relationship with the logarithm of bacteria concentration. 7-million-pixel CCD sensor was used to shoot the shape of microorganism in order to count the number. Compared with most probable number (MPN) method, the detection time of electrochemical impedance is shortened. The DIM reduces the bacteria counting time and the inaccuracy associated with …
Slag Monitoring System For Combustion Chambers Of Steam Boilers, J. Taler, D. Taler
Slag Monitoring System For Combustion Chambers Of Steam Boilers, J. Taler, D. Taler
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
The computer based boiler performance system, presented in this paper, has been developed to provide a direct and quantitative assessment of furnace and convective surface cleanliness. Temperature, pressure and flow measurements and gas analysis data are used to perform heat transfer analysis in the boiler furnace and evaporator. Power boiler efficiency is calculated using an indirect method. The on-line calculation of the exit flue gas temperature in a combustion chamber allows for an on-line heat flow rate determination, which is transferred to the boiler evaporator. Based on the energy balance for the boiler evaporator, the superheated steam mass flow rate …
Cover Page, Hans Müller-Steinhagen, M. Reza Malayeri, Paul Watkinson
Cover Page, Hans Müller-Steinhagen, M. Reza Malayeri, Paul Watkinson
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
No abstract provided.
Free Alkali-Index For Optimizing The Fuel Mixture In Biomass Co-Firing, T.E. Blomberg
Free Alkali-Index For Optimizing The Fuel Mixture In Biomass Co-Firing, T.E. Blomberg
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
Co-firing biomass with fossil fuels provides a cheap and efficient reduction of the CO2 emissions in electricity generation. One of the main challenges in co-firing is the increased fouling and corrosion rates of the heat transfer surfaces when biomass is added to the fuel mixture. Optimization of the fuel mixture from the fouling and corrosion point of view would be an easier task, if some fuel properties would provide correlation with the fouling and corrosion rates. Currently there is no clear understanding of the most useful fuel indices. The fouling indices used in coal firing have proved to be less …
The Science Of Cleaning Of Dairy Fouling Layers, R. Mercadé-Prieto,, W.R. Paterson, D.I. Wilson
The Science Of Cleaning Of Dairy Fouling Layers, R. Mercadé-Prieto,, W.R. Paterson, D.I. Wilson
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
The science underlying the removal of dairy fouling layers, and particularly the dissolution of proteinaceous deposits in alkaline solution, is relatively poorly understood even though this is a critical feature of many cleaning-in-place operations. We report key results from a series of investigations on heat-induced gels of β- lactoglobulin, the primary whey protein component in milk and whey foulant. These model systems were used to elucidate the reaction behaviour of gels and aggregates whereby the proteinaceous material is converted to a softer, swollen form that can then be removed by fluid shear or diffusion. We show that several features, such …
Study Of An Organic Crystallization Fouling Problem, Hirofumi Inokuchi, Mitsutaka Nakamura, Yoshio Koga
Study Of An Organic Crystallization Fouling Problem, Hirofumi Inokuchi, Mitsutaka Nakamura, Yoshio Koga
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
One of the aromatic compound plants in Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation has a heavy crystallization fouling problem. We have been studying the crystallization process using the shell and tube heat-exchanger. In order to solve our fouling problem of the heat exchanger, we developed the specified evaluation equipment (crystallization fouling simulator : CFS) which consists of a single tube heatexchanger (Tube size: ID=10.3mm Length=500mm). The result of the modeling for describing the crystallization fouling rate and the countermeasure of the fouling problem are discussed in this work. It can be possible to describe the fouling rate as one equation which has two …
Bacterial And Protein Adhesion On Ni-P-Ptfe Coated Surfaces, Q. Zhao, C. Liu, Y. Liu, S. Wang
Bacterial And Protein Adhesion On Ni-P-Ptfe Coated Surfaces, Q. Zhao, C. Liu, Y. Liu, S. Wang
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
The adhesion of bacteria and proteins on the surfaces of heat exchangers and food processing equipment has been recognized as a widespread problem. Biofouling not only reduces heat transfer performance significantly, but also causes considerable pressure drop, calling for higher pumping requirements. Biofouling also present a considerable hygiene risk in the food industry. It would be much more desirable if surfaces with an inherently lower stickability for biofouling could be developed. In this paper, stainless steel 304 plates were modified by electroless plating Ni-P and small amounts of PTFE. The experimental results showed that the surface free energy of the …
Evaluation Of Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions For Cfd Modeling Of A 3d Plate Heat Exchanger Geometry, T.M. Pääkkönen, M. Riihimäki, R. Ylönen, E. Muurinen, C.J. Simonson, R.L. Keiski
Evaluation Of Heat Transfer Boundary Conditions For Cfd Modeling Of A 3d Plate Heat Exchanger Geometry, T.M. Pääkkönen, M. Riihimäki, R. Ylönen, E. Muurinen, C.J. Simonson, R.L. Keiski
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
In this paper fluid flow and heat transfer are modeled in a corrugated 3D plate heat exchanger geometry with a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program, Fluent 6.1.22 (Fluent Inc., Lebanon), in order to find out the most realistic heat transfer boundary conditions for a plate heat exchanger. The built-in boundary conditions of Fluent available for this case are Heat flux, Convection and Constant wall temperature. The CFD models are verified with correlations and experimental data obtained by a flat plate test equipment of which parameters can be calculated analytically. Deficiencies are found in all the built-in heat transfer boundary …
Metallic Micro Heat Exchangers: Properties, Applications And Long Term Stability, J.J. Brandner, W. Benzinger, U. Schygulla, S. Zimmermann, K. Schubert
Metallic Micro Heat Exchangers: Properties, Applications And Long Term Stability, J.J. Brandner, W. Benzinger, U. Schygulla, S. Zimmermann, K. Schubert
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
Micro heat exchangers, which until recently have been implemented only at laboratory scale, are now being available for industrial applications. They are well known for their superior heat transfer properties due to the large surface-to-volume ratio. But there are little data available on the long term stability of these devices. In this paper application several application examples for micro heat exchangers made of stainless steel are presented. The devices consist of stainless steel foils providing numerous micro channels generated by mechanical micromachining or wet chemical etching. A number of the foils are arranged in a specific way and bonded together. …
Fouling Monitoring And Cleaning Optimisation In A Heat Exchanger Network Of A Crude Distillation Unit, Andrea Heins, Ramón Veiga, Carlos Ruiz, Andrés Riera
Fouling Monitoring And Cleaning Optimisation In A Heat Exchanger Network Of A Crude Distillation Unit, Andrea Heins, Ramón Veiga, Carlos Ruiz, Andrés Riera
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
Fouling in preheat networks of crude distillation units (CDU) plays an important role in energy consumption. In this work a procedure to monitor the performance of the heat exchanger network (HEN) and to optimize the cleaning strategies is presented. The procedure is based on a rigorous simulation of the HEN using Hysys (from Aspen Technology). The simulation is used to estimate the service overall heat transfer coefficient with real operational data acquired from the unit’s Plant Information System (PI). The clean overall heat transfer coefficient is calculated for each one of the individual heat exchangers with a rigorous simulation using …
Cfd And Neural Network-Based Expert System For The Supervision Of Boilers And Furnaces, Hugo Calisto, Nelson Martins, Naim Afgan
Cfd And Neural Network-Based Expert System For The Supervision Of Boilers And Furnaces, Hugo Calisto, Nelson Martins, Naim Afgan
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning VII
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) tools were used to build a "virtual" furnace, validated with experimental data. This model was used to simulate both normal and “faulty” behaviours, regarding parameters such as energy conversion efficiency, steam leakage and fouling. A database was developed comprising normal situations and simulated fault sets, characterized by virtual sensor outputs used in the evaluation of diagnostic parameters patterns to be processed and recognized by the diagnostic system. The database was processed using Neural Networks, with satisfactory results even in their most simple form (backpropagation networks) trained using standard algorithms. Pattern recognition was thus performed, identifying root …
Preliminary Estimates Of Building Cost And The Lowest Evaluated Tender, Harriet Eliufoo
Preliminary Estimates Of Building Cost And The Lowest Evaluated Tender, Harriet Eliufoo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The paper has investigated and established to what extent are preliminary estimates of building costs close to the lowest evaluated tender and how geographical proximity influences the variance between preliminary estimate and the lowest evaluated tender. A multiple case study constituting 43 building projects in Tanzania were statistically analysed covering a period from 1995- 1999. Findings reveal a significant variance exists between the quantity surveyor’s preliminary estimate figure and the lowest evaluated tender; and that the variance between the quantity surveyor’s figure and the bidder is small when the proposed building project is geographically closer to the quantity surveyor’s base. …
Fabrication Of Net-Shape Functionally Graded Composites By Electrophoretic Deposition And Sintering: Modeling And Experimentation, E.A. Olevsky, X. Wang, A. Maximenko, M.A. Meyers
Fabrication Of Net-Shape Functionally Graded Composites By Electrophoretic Deposition And Sintering: Modeling And Experimentation, E.A. Olevsky, X. Wang, A. Maximenko, M.A. Meyers
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
It is shown that electrophoretic deposition (EPD) sintering is a technological sequence that is capable of producing net-shape bulk functionally graded materials (FGM). By controlling the shape of the deposition electrode, components of complex shapes can be obtained. To enable sintering net-shape capabilities, a novel optimization algorithm and procedure for the fabrication of net-shape functionally graded composites by EPD and sintering has been developed. The initial shape of the green specimen produced by EPD is designed in such a way that the required final shape is achieved after sintering-imposed distortions. The optimization is based on a special innovative iteration procedure …
Development Of Prediction Models To Measure Vendor Performance In Surveillance And Auditing Of Aircraft Maintenance, Nikhil Iyengar
Development Of Prediction Models To Measure Vendor Performance In Surveillance And Auditing Of Aircraft Maintenance, Nikhil Iyengar
All Dissertations
Elimination of aviation accidents is one of the primary goals of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the airline industry. A leading cause of aviation accidents is lack of oversight of various organizational issues, in particular, the organization's maintenance operation performance. The technologies used in the industry generate multiple risks, mostly from three domains: systems, hardware and people. Maintenance performance analyses identify the inherent risk in distributed, large-scale systems. Analysis of existing aviation maintenance data is a crucial step in meeting the aviation industry's need to improve aviation safety. Presently, we lack suitable tools to analyze large bodies of maintenance …
An Experimental Evaluation Of Performance Variance For Internally Threaded Geometry Related To Extended Tap Wear In Low Carbon Steel, Todd E. Alberts
An Experimental Evaluation Of Performance Variance For Internally Threaded Geometry Related To Extended Tap Wear In Low Carbon Steel, Todd E. Alberts
All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The development of internal threads in a manufactured part is in many cases one of the final operations in the production workflow. Quality issues in thread form development can destroy a part that has previously undergone expensive machining. The issue of tap wear is one of the multi-faceted elements that have a direct correlation on the quality of threaded components. The purpose of this research centers on resultant mechanical pull performance for the stripping of internally threaded geometry in low carbon steel as measured over various increments of the tap cutting life cycle.
Models Of Semi-Systematic Visual Search, Sourav Das
Models Of Semi-Systematic Visual Search, Sourav Das
All Dissertations
Visual search is an important aspect of many examination and monitoring tasks. As a result, visual search performance has been the topic of many empirical investigations. These investigations have reported that individual search performance depends on subject factors such as search behavior, which has motivated the development of models of visual search that incorporate this behavior. Search behavior ranges from random to strictly systematic; variation in behavior is commonly assumed to be caused by differences in memory retrieval and search strategy. Accordingly, a mathematical model of semi-systematic search is proposed here that can account for both memory retrieval and other …
Investigation Of The Lead-Free Solder Joint Shear Performance, James Webster, Jianbiao Pan, Brian J. Toleno
Investigation Of The Lead-Free Solder Joint Shear Performance, James Webster, Jianbiao Pan, Brian J. Toleno
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Reflow profile has significant impact on solder joint performance because it influences wetting and microstructure of the solder joint. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of reflow profile and thermal shock on the shear performance of eutectic SnPb (SnPb) and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder joints. Test boards were assembled with four different sized surface mount chip resistors (1206, 0805, 0603 and 0402). Nine reflow profiles for SAC 305 and nine reflow profiles for SnPb were developed with three levels of peak temperature (12ºC, 22ºC, and 32ºC above solder liquidus temperature, or 230ºC, 240ºC, and 250ºC for SAC …
Determining Underlying Characteristics Of Supplier Evaluation Model: A Quantitative Empirical Research, Zeynep Ozlem Ozgun
Determining Underlying Characteristics Of Supplier Evaluation Model: A Quantitative Empirical Research, Zeynep Ozlem Ozgun
Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations
Rapid changes in the business environment, driven by competitive pressures and business complexity, present challenges that organizations cannot address without the support of their suppliers. In the past decades, performance evaluation factors such as quality, delivery, and price have been widely used by organizations to measure their suppliers' performance. Traditional supplier performance dimensions now considered to be only single dimensional, and not guarantee long term success of an organization. Use of internationally recognized standards and guidelines such as ISO 9000, MBNQA are recommended to be feasible for supplier Quality Management System evaluation in the literature. However, their effectiveness as a …
Synthesis Of Gold Micro- And Nano-Wires By Infiltration And Thermolysis, E.A. Olevsky, X. Wang, E. Bruce, M.B. Stern, S. Wildhack, F. Aldinger
Synthesis Of Gold Micro- And Nano-Wires By Infiltration And Thermolysis, E.A. Olevsky, X. Wang, E. Bruce, M.B. Stern, S. Wildhack, F. Aldinger
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
An approach for synthesizing micro- and nano-sized gold wires by infiltration and thermolysis is investigated. A porous ZrO2 ceramic preform with aligned pores obtained by unidirectional freezing and freeze-drying is employed as an infiltration template. The sintered porous ZrO2 preform is then infiltrated by a brushing gold solution. The thermolysis is conducted at 600 °C in air. Micro- and nano-sized gold wires are developed within the walls of the pores after thermolysis. The diameter of the gold wires ranges from several hundred nanometers to several microns.
Backward And Forward Compatibility, Jianbiao Pan, Jasbir Bath, Xiang Zhou, Dennis Willie
Backward And Forward Compatibility, Jianbiao Pan, Jasbir Bath, Xiang Zhou, Dennis Willie
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
In response to the European Union (EU) Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and other countries’ impending lead-free directives, the electronics industry is moving toward lead-free soldering. Total lead-free soldering requires not only lead-free solder paste but also lead-free printed circuit board (PCB) finish and lead-free component/packages. Transitioning tin-lead (SnPb) soldering to totally lead-free soldering is a complex issue and involves movement of the whole electronics industry supply chain. In reality, there is a transition period.
A Framework For The Assessment And Analysis Of Multi-Hazardsinduced Risk Resulting From Space Vehicles Operations, Serge Sala-Diakanda
A Framework For The Assessment And Analysis Of Multi-Hazardsinduced Risk Resulting From Space Vehicles Operations, Serge Sala-Diakanda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With the foreseeable increase in traffic frequency to and from orbit, the safe operation of current and future space vehicles at designated spaceports has become a serious concern. Due to their high explosive energy potential, operating those launch vehicles presents a real risk to: (1) the spaceport infrastructure and personnel, (2) the communities surrounding the spaceport and (3) the flying aircrafts whose routes could be relatively close to spaceport launch and reentry routes. Several computer models aimed at modeling the effects of the different hazards generated by the breakup of such vehicles (e.g., fragmentation of debris, release of toxic gases, …
Details And Description Of Operations Research, Paul Savory
Details And Description Of Operations Research, Paul Savory
Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering: Reports
The ambiguous term operations research was coined during World War II. A frequent substitute is management science. Operations research is a scientific approach to analyzing problems and making decisions. It uses mathematics and mathematical modeling on computers to forecast the implications of various choices and zero in on the best alternatives. This content paper provides an overview of operations research. It highlights operations research problems, methods for solving problems, different areas of operations research, and example problems.
Pre/Post Assessment Of Abilities, Paul Savory
Pre/Post Assessment Of Abilities, Paul Savory
Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering: Instructional Materials
One approach to assess if students are learning in a course is to conduct a pre-test, post-test assessment of the course material. By comparing the two results, one can make an assessment of the knowledge learned in the course. For certain types of courses, it can be a challenge in defining an assessment instrument that measure student knowledge. This example is one I have developed for my IMSE 440/840 (Discrete Event Computer Simulation) course. Students are asked rate their ability for key course objectives defined on the course syllabus. I administer it on the first day of the course and …
Decision-Maker Trade-Offs In Multiple Response Surface Optimization, Alicia Hawkins
Decision-Maker Trade-Offs In Multiple Response Surface Optimization, Alicia Hawkins
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The focus of this dissertation is on improving decision-maker trade-offs and the development of a new constrained methodology for multiple response surface optimization. There are three key components of the research: development of the necessary conditions and assumptions associated with constrained multiple response surface optimization methodologies; development of a new constrained multiple response surface methodology; and demonstration of the new method. The necessary conditions for and assumptions associated with constrained multiple response surface optimization methods were identified and found to be less restrictive than requirements previously described in the literature. The conditions and assumptions required for a constrained method to …
Stress, Fatigue And Workload: Determining The Combined Affect On Human Performance, Jessica Mock-Mclaughlin
Stress, Fatigue And Workload: Determining The Combined Affect On Human Performance, Jessica Mock-Mclaughlin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research generated a model that will help to predict, prevent, control and mitigate the occurrence of task related factors that negatively influence stress, fatigue, and workload; thus enhancing human performance. Past research efforts involving stress, fatigue and workload identified factors that influence a change in performance (Lan, Ji and Looney, 2003, and Hancock & Warm, 1989). Also, while some mathematical models have been developed within each respective area, however, there is no evidence of an integrated model describing the combined affect of stress, fatigue and workload. To respond to this research gap, a quantitative model representing the state of …
Optimization Models For Emergency Relief Shelter Planning For Anticipated Hurricane Events, Abeer Tarief Sharawi
Optimization Models For Emergency Relief Shelter Planning For Anticipated Hurricane Events, Abeer Tarief Sharawi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Natural disasters, specifically hurricanes, can cause catastrophic loss of life and property. In recent years, the United States has endured significant losses due to a series of devastating hurricanes (e.g., Hurricanes Charley and Ivan in 2004, and Hurricanes Katrina and Wilma in 2005). Several Federal authorities report that there are weaknesses in the emergency and disaster planning and response models that are currently employed in practice, thus creating a need for better decision models in emergency situations. The current models not only lack fast communication with emergency responders and the public, but are also inadequate for advising the pre-positioning of …
Developing A Spatial Interface For Information Visualization And Management In A Crisis Response Scenario, Anthony Costello
Developing A Spatial Interface For Information Visualization And Management In A Crisis Response Scenario, Anthony Costello
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The focus of this study was to investigate how a spatial interface can be effectively utilized to support information presentation and information integration via human-centric data visualization, leading to decreased cognitive load, more accurate situation awareness, and subsequently, improved task performance. In high tempo, information intensive environments like those managed by an emergency operations center (EOC), information organization tools are essential. Though users can be trained to use conventional email software applications efficiently, the constraints of the information management paradigms inherent to conventional systems may limit a user's ability to gather context and create an accurate picture of the situation. …
Using Surrogate Measures To Predict Patient Satisfaction In The Emergency Department, Erica Egri
Using Surrogate Measures To Predict Patient Satisfaction In The Emergency Department, Erica Egri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
With healthcare organizations struggling to remain competitive and financially stable in a market where minimizing costs is a priority, hospital administrators feel the sense of urgency when it comes to keeping patients satisfied with services in order to expand volume and market share. The Emergency Department is considered the front door of a healthcare organization, and keeping its visitors satisfied in order to guarantee a future visit or a referral to a friend or family member is a must. While patient input on the services received in a healthcare facility is essential to improving quality of care, the costs associated …
Buffer Techniques For Stochastic Resource Constrained Project Scheduling With Stochastic Task Insertions Problems, Jennifer Grey
Buffer Techniques For Stochastic Resource Constrained Project Scheduling With Stochastic Task Insertions Problems, Jennifer Grey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Project managers are faced with the challenging task of managing an environment filled with uncertainties that may lead to multiple disruptions during project execution. In particular, they are frequently confronted with planning for routine and non-routine unplanned work: known, identified, tasks that may or may not occur depending upon various, often unpredictable, factors. This problem is known as the stochastic task insertion problem, where tasks of deterministic duration occur stochastically. Traditionally, project managers may include an extra margin within deterministic task times or an extra time buffer may be allotted at the end of the project schedule to protect the …