Industrial Engineering Commons^™

Effects Of Ergonomic Worksite Changes On Risks For Cumulative Trauma Disorders Of The Upper Body In An Assembly And Press Operation Job, David B. Mahone

Theses

Cumulative trauma of the upper body is associated with a variety of individual and job factors. An effort to optimize the human-hardware interface to minimize cumulative trauma is favored. Workers in a set of jobs had complained about hand/wrist and shoulder discomfort. One job was selected for testing alternate machine controls and worksite layout. Electromyography was used to test muscle activity, and photogoniometry was used to measure posture.

For the group of ten worker-subjects, statistically significant decreases in hand/wrist and shoulder muscle activity were found. A marginal, but significant increase in neck muscle activity was also found. When one subject …

Building Oriented Surface Generation Through Iges Specification, Jujiang Bao

Theses

This thesis focuses the use of Initial Graphics Exchange Specification to generate automatically three dimensional surfaces. Currently, different CAD systems utilize their own data formats to generate graphic databases which are not compatible with one another. Besides, most of the existing CAD systems require an interactive data input process which is very much time consuming. In order to solve above problems, an efficient algorithm has been developed in this research to automatically generate portable graphic database following ICES specifications. This portable graphic database can be adopted by different commercial CAD/CAM systems. Using the proposed method, the current design process can …

Development Of An Intelligent Geometry Measurement Procedure For Coordinate Measuring Machines, Tae-Sung Kim

Theses

A Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) is a highly accurate electronic scale for the automatic measurement of 2 and 3 dimensional geometries. In a typical operation the CMM measures a set of user defined points, and then utilizes some internal logic to ascertain whether the inspected part meets the specifications. CMMs have received widespread acceptance among the manufacturing community, and in many instances are required as per supplier contract. Applications of CMMs vary from the measurement of simple 2D parts to complex 3D spatial frames (as for example in their use to measure the integrity of automobile frames). The primary objective …

Simulation Study For The Effect Of Dependencies In Queueing Systems, Yitao Bai

Theses

Few theoretical results have been obtained in the literature for the effects of dependencies between random variables on the performance of queueing systems. This thesis aims at investigating this issue via simulation. Several dependencies are studied in detail, including dependencies between interarrival times, between interarrival time and service time, between service times and dependencies between different stages in networks of queues. We define several classes of dependent random variables and study their correlation coefficients, then we apply them to single and multiple station service systems. Comparisons with the independent case, for which the explicit form solution are available, are made …

Measures For Estimating The Need For Flexibility In A Manufacturing Facility, Raghu Chilukuri

Theses

Manufacturing technology is in the midst of on-going developments stemming from rapid improvements in machine tools, computers and robots. These developments present engineers with greater challenges and opportunities in designing more complex and productive systems. The concept of flexibility was defined by authors like Jaikumar, Son & Park, and Buzacott. The various challenges can be partly over come by building flexibility into the various systems. Various operational or raw measures are described as they help managers to understand the kind and extent of flexibility embedded in their production process and allow them to make informal judgement on new equipment.

Various …

Clustering Algorithm For Local Area Network Design In A Cim Environment, A. C. Manjunath

Theses

Communication systems have come to be regarded as being one of the most important aspects in manufacturing enterprises in recent years. It continues to offer enormous potential for improving the efficiency of manufacturing enterprises through Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). It is true however that this potential cannot be realized by developments on the communications front alone. Strategic and economic considerations in installing a communications system in a manufacturing environment is of vital significance.

This thesis, at the outset attempts to bring out some of the issues in the area of communications (research), specifically in relation to CIM. A perception of …

Design For Quality Manufacture : Formulation Of The Macro Architecture For A Dfqm Methodology, Shrad Prasad

Theses

The focus of the available techniques in concurrent engineering for the development and improvement of the design of a product, has been in the areas of product assemblability and manufacturability. These techniques are concerned with the reduction of the cost associated with the manufacture and handling of the product.

The Design For Quality Manufacturability focuses on the quality manufacturability issue of the product design. A macro architecture is developed for the introduction of a new methodology to evaluate designs based on the quality manufacturability of these designs. A set of defects occurring at the assembly stage of the manufacture of …

Analytical Methodology For Atm Control Panel Design, Donald C. Johnson

Theses

This thesis presents a methodology for control panel design and layout along with a case study of an automated teller machine (ATM). A predictive model of human endurance and fatigue is developed from anthropometric, biomechanical and kinematics research. The layout problem is formulated to assign controls to locations to minimize the fatigue imposed on an operator performing a known set of tasks. A family of optimal and near-optimal layouts are found using conventional algorithms. The final hardware design refinements are suggested by human factors concerns. Ergonomic guidelines are also proposed for software aspects of the design. The methods and guidelines …

A Modified M/G/1/N System And Its Application, Bernice Annette Figueroa

Theses

We study a single server queueing system with finite buffer, Poisson arrivals and exceptional service requirements for the first customer in each busy period. The system is studied as a Markov Chain and the limiting probability distributions are obtained. The explicit form sorution for the queue length distribution, blocking probability, waiting time distribution as well as the busy period are derived through the Laplace-Stieltjes transform method. These results are then applied to a tandem system with a finite buffer in front of the first station and no intermediate buffer between the two stations. Finally, similar results are obtained for the …

Simulation Based Modeling And Scheduling Of A Generalized Flow- Line, Srinivas Anne

Theses

Simulation is a state of art technique, widely used to analyze the behavior of complex and dynamic real time systems. This study consists of two parts. The first part involves in the development of a simulation model of a real time flow line, used to assemble Printed Circuit Boards. The desired performance measures of the system, like, utilization, starving, blocking, failure and maintenance are recorded. The model developed can be used as a test pad to analyze scheduling rules and heuristics. This is illustrated in the second part of the study which consists of studying the behavior of the Apparent …

A Study Of The Effect Of Flexibility On Manufacturing Performance, Prashanth B. Nagendra

Theses

Manufacturing flexibility has been a major topic of research in recent years. Researchers and managers are concerned about the role of flexibility in manufacturing performance. The strategic and economic impact of flexibility is of vital importance for managers in today's competitive industry.

This thesis initially provides an in-depth.perception of the prior research conducted in the area of manufacturing flexibility. Manufacturing flexibility, in this study, has been classified into four major types. Simple definitions and operational measures are provided for each of these primary types. The different factors effecting these flexibilities are identified. A new concept called the Cause-Effect-Flexibility-Technology diagrams based …

Robotic Safety Utilizing A Safety Engineering Approach, Brian Gallagher

Theses

Robotic safety is examined and explained using a safety engineering perspective. After reviewing robot fundamentals and defining the need for safety, hazard assessment and risk analysis techniques are studied. Reasons for a comprehensive robot safety program are discussed. Currently available accident statistics are examined to better understand the hazards associated with robot installations. Robotic safety procedures and methods are listed which can help reduce the severity or frequency of hazards. Various safeguarding sensors and types are analyzed for they are the "last line of defense" to reduce hazards to an acceptable level. The American Robot Safety Standard, ANSI/RIA R15.06 - …

A Productivity Measurement System For Human Resources Management, Vivian C. Keenan

Theses

A Productivity Measurement System was designed to meet the needs of a company's Human Resources management. This thesis presents the design, testing, and implementation of this system.

During the design stage, the jobs and main activities were identified and the key volume indicators were established. Data was collected using time studies, work sampling techniques and historical data. Time studies and historical data were used primarily to measure the information for the activities. Work sampling techniques proved to be very effective in obtaining measurements for personal time and unavoidable delays.

The data was analyzed and time standards were set for the …

Robotization For Assembling Small Parts, Frank J. Valese

Theses

The thrust of this paper is directed toward establishing a roboticized small parts assembly line where none currently exist. Technical and pragmatic requisites were established and reviewed prior to installing the proposed robotic workcell. Although the specific model chosen for discussion is the locksmithing industry, the procedures followed, the design tools utilized, and the methods of job-costing employed apply equally to other small parts industries.

Basic industrywide considerations reviewed for each robotization effort included:

1. Choosing the proper application for robotization
2. Obtaining management support and labor input to insure the success of the project
3. Deciding on the economic and production goals …

Current Trends In Facilities Planning, Chaochou Yang

Theses

In the past year the costs of computing and computer graphics have come down dramatically. At the same time, the computer graphic system has become easier to use, As a result, computer support has become more costeffective than before.

In this thesis, the writer describes types of systems first, then looks at computer usage. He first defines the technologies of DSS, CAD and MIS, then takes a detailed, step-by-step look at facilities planning and the various ways in which computers are used for support. Well-conceived planning is an important prerequisite to effective computer use. The remainder of the thesis expands …

Reflections On Solid Modeling In Cad/Cam System, Yuh-Hwa Chyr

Theses

In this thesis, we will first study the mathematical fundamental for geometric modeling. It includes modeling space, representation scheme, and various characteristics for solid modeling. Then we discuss how a solid modeling system is integrated into an overall CAD/CAm system. What functions it performs, and what fuctions must be performed with other parts of the CAD/CAM systems. And how data can be transfered between solid modeling system and other CAD/CAM system.

Solid modeling has created a new era in CAD/CAM. A solid model is an unambiguous, three-dimensional, geometric representation of a design. The more design information a model can represent, …

Sensitivity Analysis Of Linear Goal Programming On Priority Level Reordering, Fu-Chia Hor

Theses

The purpose of this research is to study on the sensitivity analysis of priority level reordering of a goal programming model. Two approaches are presented in this study to handle this priority level reordering analysis. The first one is an algorithm to generate the solution of a similar problem with different priority level ordering of the original one utilizing the final solution tableau of the original problem. In doing so, calculation steps and time are saved tremendously.

The second approach is based on the fact that some goal programming problem of different priority level ordering has the same solution as …

Utilization Of The Microcomputer To Improve The Productivity Of Small Manufacturing Companies, Hung-Gi Chang

Theses

The ongoing microcomputer development has led to its increasing application in manufacturing to reduce costs and improve productivity. Being more aware of this technology, most of these benefits have accrued to large firms. The intent of this thesis is to show that it is equally advantageous for small manufacturing companies to utilize them and show how they can do so.

The paper discusses the role and characteristics of microcomputers. Available software to do engineering designs, materials requirements planning, process planning, and master production scheduling is described. Using a case study a method that can be followed in selection and implementation …

Computerized Work Measurement System, Vrajesh Shah

Theses

This thesis is concerned with the application of computerized work measurement to improve productivity and efficiency of production workers. In doing so, the techniques of MOST (Maynard Operation Sequence Technique) is studied to determine its appropriateness for industrial use. The advantages and disadvantages of the system are studied as to its value to large and small industries.

The Impact Of Fms On Batch Production Processes, Jan-Sheau Ho

Theses

A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is an integrated system of combining metalcutting and other processes with materials handling under computer control. With computer control, FMS is capable of processing a variety of different types of workpieces simultaneously. FMS is an approach towards a balancing of high output on the one hand and great flexibility on the other hand. FMS stands as a new technology to improve the productivity of mid-volume, mid-variety production; therefore the manufacturing world will soon feel the impact of FMS.

This thesis attempts to specify what FMS is and how it works, the influence of FMS on …

An Investigation Of The Application Of Utility Theory To Determine The Value Of Time: The Demand For Interactive Information Systems In Student Markets, Gordon S. Kalley

Theses

The economic rational of many contemporary businesses is the provision of services or labor saving equipment which their customers' pay for in order• to save themselves time. A major decision such an enterprise must make prior to entry into the market i=_ whether enough of a market exists to make its entry worthwhile. Such firms would be able to make better resource allocation decisions if they could have a quantitative measure of the relationship of their consumer's valuation of time vis a vi money. This study proposes such a measure.

Interactive information systems, whose viability depends to a large degree …

Basic Concepts In Cad & Cam, Chao-Ming Liu

Theses

As the computer revolution is nearing its end, CAD/CAM concepts are being widely accepted and evolving rapidly. This thesis begins with a disscussion of the significance and advantages of CAD/CAM and their relationship with automation. Hardware and software components involved are then introduced. Product design under CAD is done by computers. Computers perform engineering analysis, necessary calculations, and dynamic simulation to complete the complex design. The geometric elements and operational primitives are provided by a data base system. The major components of CAM are then introduced. The term CAM is used in a broader sense to include CAPP, MRP, NC, …

The Flexible Manufacturing System And Its Development In Taiwan, Chi-Shuan Liu

Theses

FMS is a new kind of manufacturing system which is flexible enough to handle a limited variety of parts. It usually consists of three main components: machine tools, a material handling system, and a computer control system. The material handling system is the key to integrating manufacturing cells into the FMS. The machine tools used in FMS are programmable and computer-controlled, having the ability to change their operation process rapidly to deal with product changeovers and part design changes. The digital computer used in FMS has the capability of handling various manufacturing processes which are not capable of being controlled …

Human Factors In The Design Of Computer Graphics Input/Output Interfaces, Michael Uche Amadi

Theses

Computers are used for solving problems of various kinds and therefore, if the users are to fully benefit from the systems, they must be considered during the earliest stages of the system development. There are three major classes of computer users namely: naive, managerial, and scientific-technical. These users have different characteristics that the designer must consider within his/her system. Only by including such distinctions will these user groups each be able to perform at their respective optimum levels. Just as there are different users, there are also numerous applications to which computers can be applied. This thesis will be restricted …

An Investigation Of Structural Requirements For Computer-Integrated Manufacturing System, Deok-Soo Kim

Theses

This thesis mainly deals with the structural requirements for integration of Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Aided Manufacturing, and Computer-Aided Process Planning functions to achieve ideal Computer-Integrated Manufacturing system. Attempts to define the terminologies and to find the reasons which necessitate these technologies have been made. This work also examines the business issues to justify this concept.

This thesis considers that Computer-Integrated Manufacturing system consists of three major ingredients: Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Aided Manufacturing, and Computer-Aided Process Planning. Flexible Manufacturing System is dealt as an physical shape of Computer-Aided Manufacturing. As the result of integration, the interface rises as a serious problem, and comprehensive …

Simulation Of The Manufacturing System : A General Discussion, Di-Cheing Chien

Theses

This thesis treats the problem of multi-variable sensitivity analysis in a production system which may be used in investigating a variety of characteristics of a flow production system which involve idle time, cost, production rate, ect. are the subjects of the analysis.

The analysis procedure follows the rule of INPUT/OUTPUT through a production process. A simple system model using elements such as : raw material, transfer tool, labor, machine and energy/ or electrical power, is used to lead into the construction of dependent-variable system. A utilization is made of industrial robots as well as humans in loading and unloading machines …

The Effects Of Feedback On Operator Performance In A Production Environment, Diane L. Knoll

Theses

The objective of this thesis and it's associated research is to analyze the positive effects of feedback in a production environment. The experimental data was collected at the Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation in New Jersey and a subsidiary company, The J. T. Clark Company, in Illinois.

The experiments involved three types of feedback indirect feedback provided to a large group of packaging operators, direct feedback provided to a small group of temporary packaging operators in a training situation, and direct feedback provided to an entire workforce of operators performing dissimilar, but interrelated tasks.

The results of these experiments were consistent with …

Lifo Perishable Inventory (S,S,T) Model And Its Related Discount Policy, Yuan-Shyi Chiu

Theses

The objective of this thesis is to determine the optimal (s,S,T) ordering policy for a perishable inventory system with a fixed product lifetime and Poisson demand. The simulation technique is utilized to identify the optimal ordering policy which minimizes the total cost consisted of ordering, holding, shortage, and outdate costs. Upon the establishment of the optimal ordering policy, a discount policy on the outdating items is proposed to provide decision maker(s) with tradeoff between the profit and the average outdate cost.

The computer programs written in FORTRAN are designed to generate the optimal (s,S,T) ordering policy of any above-mentioned inventory …

Automation Considerations For A Manufacturing System, Marvin Fachuan Wang

Theses

This thesis examines the present manufacturing system of Apollo Valve Company, a solenoid control valves manufacturing. After analyzing the present system, the automation considerations and proposed new system were recommended.

Chapter 1 presenti the background material of automation and manufacturing system. The development of the automated factory is also included. The plant layout, organization, and departments functions of the present system are briefly described in the Chapter 2. Analysis of the present manufacturing system by the production volume, by plant layout, and by the manufacturing operations, is discussed in Chapter 3.

Proposed automation considerations and improvements, such as group technology …

Investigation Of Mental Workload In A Visual Inspection Task, Michel Alfandari

Theses

This thesis consists of an investigation of the "mental workload" involved in a visual inspection task. A short-term laboratory experiment was conducted on twenty test subjects to study the effects of three typical job-related factors encountered in mental workload situations: load stress, time stress, and motivation. These effects were assessed through the subjects' performances as measured by speed and accuracy data. The analysis of the results revealed that an increase in load stress deteriorates both speed and accuracy, whereas time stress improves speed but only at the expense of accuracy. The expected positive influence of motivational factor (cash prizes) was …