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2020

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Articles 511 - 540 of 1941

Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

Nacelle Wind Speed Correction Of Wind Turbine Generation Units Based On Wind Speed Measured By Anemometer Tower, Gao Feng, Xiyun Yang, Wang Wei, Zhang Lei Aug 2020

Nacelle Wind Speed Correction Of Wind Turbine Generation Units Based On Wind Speed Measured By Anemometer Tower, Gao Feng, Xiyun Yang, Wang Wei, Zhang Lei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In consideration that there are great calculation errors in theoretical correction of nacelle wind speed, the entire range of wind speed was divided according to changes of control strategies for wind turbine generation unit. The nacelle transfer function (NTF) was defined by higher-order polynomial fitting to identify a method for correcting nacelle wind speed based on wind measurements of the anemometer tower. It doesn’t only overcome problems like poor practicability of IEC standards NTF, but also has higher fitting precision than simple linear fitting without intervals. By introducing intermediate intervals, the problem about discontinuous NTF in different sections …

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Measuring Principle Research On Fundamental Wave Of Grid Based On Curve Fitting Model, Liyun Liu, Zhezhao Zeng Aug 2020

Measuring Principle Research On Fundamental Wave Of Grid Based On Curve Fitting Model, Liyun Liu, Zhezhao Zeng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Measuring principle of grid fundamental wave based on algebraic polynomial model is proposed. Its main idea is to optimize parameters of algebraic polynomial model so as to accurately fit the power grid fundamental wave signal to be measured based on the recursive least squares (RLS), and then the steepest descent method was adopted to iteratively calculate zeros of the fitting polynomial model, and then fundamental frequency was obtained according to time difference of the adjacent two zeros. Fundamental wave amplitude could be obtained according to the fitting model values corresponding to the middle of the adjacent two zero points. …

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Study On Track And Detect Algorithm In Radar Networking Based On Gmphd, Wenbo Zhao, Hailong Ding Aug 2020

Study On Track And Detect Algorithm In Radar Networking Based On Gmphd, Wenbo Zhao, Hailong Ding

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The states and number of WSNR multi-target are tracked accurately by Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density algorithm (GMPHDA) application. But tracking result is random set of target states, it doesn't correspond one to one with real targets. And the complete algorithm about corresponding has not been proposed. To get target tracks corresponding with real targets, a suite of algorithm about identifying target tracks is proposed, called track identification algorithm, which contains track distinction, continuance, newborn and restoration. The track identification algorithm improves track and detect algorithm in multi-radar networking. Simulation results show that WSNR multi-target is tracked in multi-radar …

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Neural Network Inverse Control For The Output Voltage Of Energy Storage Inverter In Micro-Grid, Weiliang Liu, Yongjun Lin, Changliang Liu, Wenying Chen, Liangyu Ma Aug 2020

Neural Network Inverse Control For The Output Voltage Of Energy Storage Inverter In Micro-Grid, Weiliang Liu, Yongjun Lin, Changliang Liu, Wenying Chen, Liangyu Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to improve the output voltage waveform quality of energy storage inverter in micro-grid, an inverse control method was proposed based on BP neural network. Mathematical model of the energy storage inverter was established, and the main factors affecting the output voltage were analyzed, and then the expansion inverse model of the system was established based on BP neural network. In order to overcome the local optimum disadvantage in BP training algorithm, gravity algorithm was adopted to optimize the network initial parameters. The neural network inverse model was put in series with its original model to form a …

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Application Of Improved Particle Filter And Wavelet Packet In Turbine Vibration Diagnosis, Xia Fei, Shuotao Hao, Zhang Hao, Daogang Peng Aug 2020

Application Of Improved Particle Filter And Wavelet Packet In Turbine Vibration Diagnosis, Xia Fei, Shuotao Hao, Zhang Hao, Daogang Peng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A fault diagnosis method of improved particle filter and wavelet packet analysis was proposed in the application of turbine vibration. There was a sample degradation problem in the re-sampling stage of traditional particle filter. And a re-sampling algorithm which was a weight sorting and the survival of the fittest to obtain the improved particle filter was studied. The signal was filtered by the improved particle filter. Then wavelet packet analysis was used to extract the features from the noise reduction signal. Finally the fault diagnosis results were obtained by using SVM. It is shown that the fault identification rate …

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Multimedia Annotation Refinement Based On Contextual Information Diffusion, Tian Feng, Fuhua Shang Aug 2020

Multimedia Annotation Refinement Based On Contextual Information Diffusion, Tian Feng, Fuhua Shang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A data driven multimedia annotation refinement method based on dataset contextual information diffusion was proposed. The label contextual graph was constructed, and the label correlation can be diffused on textual label space; Multimedia object content relevant graph was constructed. Label contextual graph and multimedia object content relevant graph were mutually reinforced and formulated into a regularized framework. The proposed method incorporated both multimedia content correlation and label contextual information, and the optimization process was solved by approximate solution algorithm. The experimental results on real world dataset show that the proposed method can obviously improve the annotation performance.

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Friend Recommendation Based On Analysis Of Users’ Emotions And Text Semantics, Qun Liu, Hongtao Sun, Lianghao Ji Aug 2020

Friend Recommendation Based On Analysis Of Users’ Emotions And Text Semantics, Qun Liu, Hongtao Sun, Lianghao Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The interests and emotions of users are often varied in their real lives. On the contrary, some other features (such as the profiles) of micro-blog are always unchangeable and they cannot describe the users’ characteristics very well. Then a novel friend recommendation method merged users’ text semantics with emotions was proposed. In the model, in order to compute the similarity of friends, some text content features from users’ micro-blog are extracted and time factor was introduced. Then further consideration on the users' emotional characteristics was taken to compute the users’ similarity through analyzing the emotional words in micro-blog text. …

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Scalable Semantic Web Services Architecture Design And Service Discovery, Xiaoxing Niu, Zhixue Wang, Minggang Yu Aug 2020

Scalable Semantic Web Services Architecture Design And Service Discovery, Xiaoxing Niu, Zhixue Wang, Minggang Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the rapid development of computer and network technologies, the variety and quantity of Web Services on the network is also increasing. How to find the requiring services quickly and accurately becomes increasingly important. In order to solve the problems with traditional Web Services architecture, such as poor scalability and lacking of semantic information, a scalable semantic Web Services architecture was proposed, the architecture could meet the requirements to construct distributed and large-scale systems based on SOA for modern enterprises. Service publication and deletion algorithms of the architecture were studied, and dynamic adjustment algorithms of the architecture was studied …

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Wechat Information Dissemination Mechanism And Simulation Research Based On Field Theory, Xiaohong Shan, Panpan Jia, Xiaoyan Liu Aug 2020

Wechat Information Dissemination Mechanism And Simulation Research Based On Field Theory, Xiaohong Shan, Panpan Jia, Xiaoyan Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: As the popular social networking platform, the wechat network has the rapid impact on people's way of life. By analyzing the factors that influence the information dissemination among wechat, constructing the wechat information diffusion field by building three-dimensional coordinate, the information diffusion model was established based on the field theory. The process of information dissemination was simulated from three angles by using Netlogo simulation platform, that is the factors affecting the information dissemination, the original proportion of information source users, and different wechat network structures. Simulation results show that the more similar characteristics of the user, the dissemination results …

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Broadband Beamforming Method For Circular Sensor Array, Gan Tian Aug 2020

Broadband Beamforming Method For Circular Sensor Array, Gan Tian

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The beamforming method based on mode decomposition is a kind of very good beamforming method for circular sensor arrays, in order to apply it to the broadband beamforming, An against white noise robust beamforming method was proposed to design an expect beam. The method designed the modal domain robust modal coefficient using the model decomposition method to generate different beam under the different mode circumstances, using second-order cone optimization algorithm gain more reasonable compromise than the other methods in the broadband beam performance, The platform of choice and operation of space were provided according to the demand for …

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Arm-Based Real-Time Video Stabilization Enhancement Algorithm, Xiaoquan Chen, Zhang Lei, Huang Hua Aug 2020

Arm-Based Real-Time Video Stabilization Enhancement Algorithm, Xiaoquan Chen, Zhang Lei, Huang Hua

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering the performance characteristic of ARM processor, an ARM-based real-time video stabilization enhancement algorithm was proposed that identified shakiness of video and implements motion smoothing in the space of geometric transformations. The algorithm identified the shakiness of video with the amplitudes’ change of translation and rotation. Then the optimal path could be obtained by linear interpolation on translational vector and rotational angle. Stable frames were generated by implementing motion compensation of translation and rotation transformations respectively. Because the algorithm used linear interpolation in the space of rigid transformations, it was much faster than the previous algorithms. Moreover, it …

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Can Bus Simulation System Based On Opnet, Yantao Liu, Xu Jing, Guiyang Xia, Qin Na Aug 2020

Can Bus Simulation System Based On Opnet, Yantao Liu, Xu Jing, Guiyang Xia, Qin Na

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: CAN (Controller Area Network) is a typical kind of serial communication protocol. To solve the problem of bus contention, CAN adopts the mechanism of non-destructive bitwise arbitration. In order to realize simulation study on this mechanism, simulation models of Medium Access Control (MAC), process models, node models and network model of CAN were built. End-to-End delay of the simulation network was obtained by simulating these models under the condition of whether there existed a bus contention. The correctness of these models was proved by extensive simulation experiments and rigorous analyses. The models can be used in simulation study …

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Online Fragment Culling For Efficient Rendering Of Multi-Fragment Effects, Zhou Guo, Dengming Zhu, Zhaoqi Wang, Wei Yi Aug 2020

Online Fragment Culling For Efficient Rendering Of Multi-Fragment Effects, Zhou Guo, Dengming Zhu, Zhaoqi Wang, Wei Yi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Multi-fragment effects such as real-time transparency are rendered by visiting the per-pixel fragments in depth order. The k-buffer algorithm rendered the scene in a single pass to obtain several layers of fragments. The read-modify-write hazard while updating the buffer should be avoided thus the performance was likely to be hit hard. The temporal and spatial coherence among frames were exploited to cull the input fragments in an online manner. A fragment cache based on a semi-heap was proposed. The worst case scenario of the time complexity was analyzed. The reverse reprojection was employed to construct the culling interface …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Bldcm Fuzzy Control System With Real-Time Modification Function, Yuanwang Deng, Zeng Jun Aug 2020

Modeling And Simulation Of Bldcm Fuzzy Control System With Real-Time Modification Function, Yuanwang Deng, Zeng Jun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the analysis of the mathematical model of brushless direct current motor (BLDCM), a novel method for modeling of BLDCM was proposed. In MATLAB, the model of BLDCM was established by C MEX S-function, and the simulation results showed that the proposed method can enhance the simulation efficiency. Based on the modeling and simulation of BLDCM, a modification function was introduced and a self-turning fuzzy controller was built. According to the error and error rate of speed, the proposed modification function performed real-time regulation of fuzzy rules. There were six regulation parameters …

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Research Of Approximation Algorithm Of Vertex Cover, Wenyu Gao, Li Hua Aug 2020

Research Of Approximation Algorithm Of Vertex Cover, Wenyu Gao, Li Hua

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Vertex cover is one of the most important NP complete problems, and it is also one of the most studied problems in parameterized algorithm design in recent years. According to some deficiencies of existing vertex cover approximation algorithms, a novel NT theorem based 2-approximation algorithm was proposed based on advances in parameterized algorithm. The new algorithm first used kernelization technology to reduce the origin graph, then used greedy strategy to guide the vertex selection in the remaining graph, kernelization provided effective guarantee for the approximation algorithm. In order to test the performance of the new algorithm, simulations on different …

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Analysis Of Risks Transmission And Control In Subway Construction, Qingjun Guo, Hongyu Yan, Bosen Li Aug 2020

Analysis Of Risks Transmission And Control In Subway Construction, Qingjun Guo, Hongyu Yan, Bosen Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The process of the transmission and control of hidden dangers in subway construction is very similar to that of infectious diseases. Based on an engineering example, the characteristics of the complex system in the subway construction site are analyzed, and a simulation method using the propagation dynamics model to describe the interaction and propagation of various elements is proposed. Hazard source and hidden danger data of a section of Qingdao metro line 4 from march to August 2017 are selected as the original state, using by MATLAB R2014a simulation calculation, the densities of different elements are gotten, the process …

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Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation System For Underwater Vehicle Based On Unity3d, Fushen Ren, Yaqi Sun, Hu Qing, Zhaoliang Li, Pengyu Sun, Yukun Fan Aug 2020

Hardware-In-The-Loop Simulation System For Underwater Vehicle Based On Unity3d, Fushen Ren, Yaqi Sun, Hu Qing, Zhaoliang Li, Pengyu Sun, Yukun Fan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to provide a simulation and test platform for the performance test, control algorithm analysis and operation training of underwater robot, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system based on Unity3D is developed, which consists of a ground control terminal, a robot body and a three-dimensional simulation system. The system uses the same ground control terminal as the unified command input source of the three-dimensional simulation system and robot control system, and realizes the synchronization of the virtual object and robot body, real-time monitoring and parameters adjustment to the system. The position of the robot is collected by multiocular vision technology, …

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Robust Heading Control Of An Unmanned Surface Vehicle Based On Lpv Model, Junfeng Xiong, Yuqing He, Jianda Han, Mingzhe Yuan Aug 2020

Robust Heading Control Of An Unmanned Surface Vehicle Based On Lpv Model, Junfeng Xiong, Yuqing He, Jianda Han, Mingzhe Yuan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the strong nonlinearities of hydrodynamics, and the influences of wind, wave and current on USVs (Unmanned Surface Vehicles), an H∞ robust yaw keeping controller based on LPV (Linear Parameter Varying) model is proposed. The LPV model uses the Froude number as the varying parameter, reflects the USV’s nonlinear hydrodynamics along with the Froude number, and simplifies the parameters identification and controller design. By using the Froude number as the scheduled parameter, an H∞ robust yaw keeping controller is designed on the basis of bounded real lemmas to attenuate the disturbances. Simulations on a 3-DOF underactuated …

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Global Optimized Photovoltaic Mppt Algorithm Based On Pso And Incremental Conductance Method, Yunjun Yu, Liu Tao, Shisheng Wang, Jianbo Xin, Xiaohua Nie Aug 2020

Global Optimized Photovoltaic Mppt Algorithm Based On Pso And Incremental Conductance Method, Yunjun Yu, Liu Tao, Shisheng Wang, Jianbo Xin, Xiaohua Nie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The P-V array characteristic curve exhibits a plurality of local maximum power point under conditions of partial shading. The incremental conductance method maybe track an extreme value point that is not the largest power point, thus lead to tracking failure. The PSO algorithm has the characteristics of global optimization, but its tracking precision is deficient. A global MPPT algorithm based on PSO algorithm by incremental conductance method was proposed, PSO algorithm could quickly locate to the approximate global MPP, INC could further precise the MPP. Compared to the traditional incremental conductance method Simulink simulation and the research when …

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Numerical Simulation Study Of Impact Of Stagger Angle And Radius Ratio On Performance Of Combined Type Vawt, Xiucong Fu, Xiaoting Liang, Baoxing Ou, Chili Wu, Ruheng Zhao, Yuepeng Li, Kaihong Pi, Xiao Shuai Aug 2020

Numerical Simulation Study Of Impact Of Stagger Angle And Radius Ratio On Performance Of Combined Type Vawt, Xiucong Fu, Xiaoting Liang, Baoxing Ou, Chili Wu, Ruheng Zhao, Yuepeng Li, Kaihong Pi, Xiao Shuai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Darrieus-Savonius combined rotor could effectively improve the performance of sole type vertical axis wind turbine. In order to investigate the impacts of radius ratios and stagger angles on the combined rotor, and their best combination, aerodynamic simulations of different radius ratios and stagger angles were studied. The numerical simulation is based on 2D unsteady incompressible air model and realizable k-ε turbulence model. The result indicates that the radius ratio represents the occupied swept area of Savonius rotor, the larger radius ratio, the higher proportion of the positive momentum outputs (M≥0) in a rotation period. In addition, …

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Research On Characteristics Of City Agglomeration Compound Traffic Network, Chengbing Li, Wei Lei, Yucheng Hao Aug 2020

Research On Characteristics Of City Agglomeration Compound Traffic Network, Chengbing Li, Wei Lei, Yucheng Hao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to serve the economic development of city agglomeration, revealing the characteristics of city agglomeration compound traffic network was focused on. The model of city agglomeration compound traffic network was built using the site mapping method based on analysis of the structure of city agglomeration compound traffic network. The characteristics and specific calculation method based on complex network theory were put forward. Compound traffic network of road and rail traffic network was generated through an empirical study of Hu-Bao-E city group, and node degree, node degree distribution, average path length, clustering coefficient of this network be computed …

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Study On Defect Shape Influence On Strength Of Oilfield Water Injection Tubing, Qingyou Liu, Xu Tao Aug 2020

Study On Defect Shape Influence On Strength Of Oilfield Water Injection Tubing, Qingyou Liu, Xu Tao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Oilfield water injection tubing can form various defects which affect the strength of tubing body during the installation and other operations. For studying the influence of different shape defects to stress field of the oilfield water injection tubing, three kinds of defects which are hemispherical, half cylindrical and conical were chosen on the body surface of oilfield water injection tubing, to analyze the stress field distribution of tube body in the three kinds of load conditions that are the single internal pressure, the tensile load and internal pressure-tensile complex load. The simulation result show that: there are high and …

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Multi-Objective Topology Mapping Method For Network Emulation, Xiaofeng Wang, Chen Yang, Guangjie Zhang, Jianyu Chen Aug 2020

Multi-Objective Topology Mapping Method For Network Emulation, Xiaofeng Wang, Chen Yang, Guangjie Zhang, Jianyu Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Network emulation is an important support for the verification of new network technology, and effective mapping is the key to the emulation network topology. Considering the multiple resource requirements, a multi-objective topology mapping method (MOTM) for network emulation topology is proposed to realize the effective physical resources utilization. The method analyzes the resource requirements of nodes and links, assigns corresponding weights, converts the mapping problem into the graph partitioning problem, divides the graph by multi-level graph partitioning method, and forms a mapping strategy through remote throughput threshold optimization adjustment. The automatic deployment is implemented based on the …

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3d Human Pose Tracking Approach Based On Double Kinect Sensors, Li Qi, Xiangdong Wang, Li Hua Aug 2020

3d Human Pose Tracking Approach Based On Double Kinect Sensors, Li Qi, Xiangdong Wang, Li Hua

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: 3D human pose estimation and tracking is a popular problem of machine vision. In order to improve the stability of human pose tracking, the human body motion posture is represented by the human joint DOF (Degree of Freedom) vector, the human pose is tracked by the unscented Kalman filter method, and a human pose tracking system based on double Kinect sensors is built. Compared with the traditional human motion capture system, the system can accurately and stably track 3D human pose under simple movements, reflect the special nature of the motion process under complex movements, and can be used …

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Image Skeleton Extraction Method Based On Flood-Fill, Xingquan Cai, Zhe Yang, Runbo Cai, Yakun Ge, Yang Bo Aug 2020

Image Skeleton Extraction Method Based On Flood-Fill, Xingquan Cai, Zhe Yang, Runbo Cai, Yakun Ge, Yang Bo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the burr phenomenon and skeleton redundancy in current image skeleton extraction, a method based on flood-fill is proposed. The target image is pre-processed to obtain a threshold binary image and the foreground and background are segmented. A mask image and axis map are constructed to provide data sources and judgment basis for the subsequent calculation process. The diffusing water process is simulated by traversing the horizontal grayscale histogram. The foreground contour of the mask image is shrinked. According to the change of the connected components of the neighborhood, a skeleton feature point is determined . When …

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An Evacuation Simulation Method Based On Disaster Avoidance Psychology And Disaster Impact, Zhang Han, Liping Zheng, Huang Kang, Haibo Lin Aug 2020

An Evacuation Simulation Method Based On Disaster Avoidance Psychology And Disaster Impact, Zhang Han, Liping Zheng, Huang Kang, Haibo Lin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Evacuating people safely and efficiently during disasters is the important guarantee to public safety, and the effective and feasible evacuation simulation method is theoretically and practically significant. The main methods seldom consider the dynamic evolution of disasters, so a dynamic Evacuation Route Replanning Based on Psychology (DERR) method is proposed. DERR method focuses on the psychological parameters of disaster avoidance of people. According to the change of disasters area, DERR can perform the real time evacuation process by using A* routing algorithm to re-plan and optimize the evacuation path. The simulation experiment shows the evacuation process of this method. …

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Structure Learning Of Fuzzy-Tree Based On Rigorous Binary Tree Code And Genetic Algorithm, Changliang Liu, Ziqi Wang Aug 2020

Structure Learning Of Fuzzy-Tree Based On Rigorous Binary Tree Code And Genetic Algorithm, Changliang Liu, Ziqi Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problems of information redundancy and low optimization efficiency in the structure learning of fuzzy-tree model, a method based on rigorous binary tree code and genetic algorithm is proposed. The structure of fuzzy-tree model is coded by rigorous binary tree code, which improves the information redundancy of the existing matrix code. Considering the particularity of the code and the convergence of the algorithm, an improved genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the structure of fuzzy-tree model. The experimental results show that the algorithm has good stability and computing speed on different data sets, and can find a …

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Modeling And Simulation For Target Complex Trajectory Of Ballistic Missile, Jiawei Li, Jiang Jing, Chongyang Liu, Binbin Shi Aug 2020

Modeling And Simulation For Target Complex Trajectory Of Ballistic Missile, Jiawei Li, Jiang Jing, Chongyang Liu, Binbin Shi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the complexity and multi-phase process of the trajectory of target complex formed by ballistic missile in space, a phased modeling approach is proposed. Due to the differences of the motion characteristics at different phases, based on the phased modeling thought, the release model of coast decoy in symmetric release structure is established under the corresponding coordinate systems. Under the consideration of several factors: the number, mass, initial state, and vanishing condition, the generation process of multiple batches of boost debris trajectories is designed. The main target trajectory of ballistic missile, decoys release process and multiple batches of …

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A Common And Hierarchical Crowd Evacuation Simulation Framework, Haibo Lin, Liping Zheng, Jianwei Wang, Shujie Zhang Aug 2020

A Common And Hierarchical Crowd Evacuation Simulation Framework, Haibo Lin, Liping Zheng, Jianwei Wang, Shujie Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to establish a highly scalable platform for crowd evacuation simulation visualization, simulate the crowds in different environments on different population evacuation models, the expansion of crowd simulation systems are explored. By analyzing and improving the existing simulation framework Menge, the level architecture of environment level, strategy level, tactical level, operation level and visualization level are designed, and the expansion interfaces are designed at each level. In user-defined form, the different modules can be added to each level to achieve specific functions. The simulation framework can effectively support users to design and implement various crowd evacuation simulation …

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Dynamic Model Of Dual Flux-Controlled Memristor And Fpga Hardware Circuit Realization, Haoqi Chen, Xiaohong Zhang Aug 2020

Dynamic Model Of Dual Flux-Controlled Memristor And Fpga Hardware Circuit Realization, Haoqi Chen, Xiaohong Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the classical Chua’s chaotic circuit, a 5-Dimentional and dual flux-controlled memristive chaotic circuit system is designed. The nonlinear characteristics of the circuit are analyzed numerically and the results show that the circuit has rich chaotic dynamical behavior. The novel memristive continuous system is transformed into digital system by first-order discrete processing. Based on DSP Builder and FPGA technology, a hardware platform of Cyclone Ⅳ E series EP4CE10F17C8N chip realizes the digital system of the model. The design results indicate that the digital memristive system avoids the drift and instability of analog components, the display performance of the …

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