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Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering Commons™

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2019

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Articles 31 - 60 of 1263

Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

A Parallel Simulation Method For Combat Organization And Implementation, Yaxin Tan, Jianhua Luo, Fan Rui, Zhiming Dong Dec 2019

A Parallel Simulation Method For Combat Organization And Implementation, Yaxin Tan, Jianhua Luo, Fan Rui, Zhiming Dong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the difficult problem of battle parallel simulation, the realization of parallel simulation based on combat organization is analyzed theoretically. Furthermore, a parallel simulation based on combat organization is proposed. One by one, the methods of the simulation task partitioning, the simulation task integration and interaction between integration method are given. This paper breaks through the key technology of parallel simulation, based on the parallel simulation integration framework, implements the system integration, builds the parallel simulation prototype system of the size of the brigade, develops parallel simulation task allocation software, designs the operational application case, and tests parallel …

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Research On Clock Synchronization Of Simulation System Based On Ethernet And Optical Fiber Network, Yulin Meng, Shen Tao, Shuaihao Wang, Lüyi Zhao, Chengshi Tang Dec 2019

Research On Clock Synchronization Of Simulation System Based On Ethernet And Optical Fiber Network, Yulin Meng, Shen Tao, Shuaihao Wang, Lüyi Zhao, Chengshi Tang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the development of simulation communication and Ethernet clock synchronization technology, the traditional timing simulation method based on real-time operating system can not meet the accuracy requirements of clock synchronization between multi-simulation systems. A time synchronization method between simulation systems based on IEEE1588 clock synchronization protocol and optical fiber reflection memory network is proposed, in which the Beidou/GPS timing device periodically calibrates the real-time operating system, and the real-time operating system divides the frequency of the calibrated clock information and synchronizes the clock of each simulation system through the high-speed optical fiber reflection memory network. The clock synchronization …

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Design Of Universal Control Load System Of Helicopter Flight Simulator, Chen Zhen, Haikuan Yang, Jiang Nan, Yuancheng Wang, Tianjiao Jiang Dec 2019

Design Of Universal Control Load System Of Helicopter Flight Simulator, Chen Zhen, Haikuan Yang, Jiang Nan, Yuancheng Wang, Tianjiao Jiang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To improve the universality and handling quality of control system of helicopter flight simulator, a universal control load system of helicopter flight simulator suitable for helicopter flight simulator is designed. The dynamic feedback model is proposed to solve the contradiction between control rigidity and stability, control precision and response frequency, the control rigidity and kinematic accuracy are improved.The operating load mechanism is designed, the system structure and drive system are simplified, the smoothness of force perception is improved; the third order smoothing algorithm and fieldbus technology based on EtherCAT are applied to improve the anti-jamming capability and response speed, …

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Research On Control Technology Of Aeroengine Heat Exchanger, Qingyang Jiang, Song Hua Dec 2019

Research On Control Technology Of Aeroengine Heat Exchanger, Qingyang Jiang, Song Hua

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the high temperature problem caused by the high speed of the synergistic aspirating engine, this paper designs a control algorithm for the heat exchanger. In the process of designing the control algorithm, considering the strong nonlinearity, uncertainty and strong coupling of the engine, The decoupling study of the multi-input and multi-output linear model of the heat exchanger is carried out. The decoupling effect of two different decoupling methods on the strongly coupled heat exchanger is obtained. The fuzzy decoupling PID controller has short adjustment time and overshoot. Small, conclusions with better decoupling effects.

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Robot Arm Control Method Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Heyu Li, Zhilong Zhao, Gu Lei, Liqin Guo, Zeng Bi, Tingyu Lin Dec 2019

Robot Arm Control Method Based On Deep Reinforcement Learning, Heyu Li, Zhilong Zhao, Gu Lei, Liqin Guo, Zeng Bi, Tingyu Lin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Deep reinforcement learning continues to explore in the environment and adjusts the neural network parameters by the reward function. The actual production line can not be used as the trial and error environment for the algorithm, so there is not enough data. For that, this paper constructs a virtual robot arm simulation environment, including the robot arm and the object. The Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG),in which the state variables and reward function are set,is trained by deep reinforcement learning algorithm in the simulation environment to realize the target of controlling the robot arm to move the gripper below …

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Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Based On Improved Firefly Algorithm, Jiale Ding, Guochu Chen, Kuo Yuan Dec 2019

Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Based On Improved Firefly Algorithm, Jiale Ding, Guochu Chen, Kuo Yuan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A wind power prediction model based on improved complementary set empirical mode decomposition and improved firefly algorithm to optimize echo state network is proposed to solve the problems of low accuracy in wind power with large randomness and strong volatility prediction of traditional echo state network prediction model. The wind speed series are decomposed into a series of intrinsic modes by using the improved complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition. The new modes are used to predict wind power by using echo state network, the optimal weight of the model is found by the improved firefly algorithm. The output results …

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Downhole Drilling Processing Data Acquisition And Stick Slip Characteristic Analysis, Huang Sheng, Zhang Tao, Chongjun Huang, Yumei Li, Deng Hu, Zhang Xia Dec 2019

Downhole Drilling Processing Data Acquisition And Stick Slip Characteristic Analysis, Huang Sheng, Zhang Tao, Chongjun Huang, Yumei Li, Deng Hu, Zhang Xia

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: During oil drilling process, drill string vibrations are detrimental to the bit and drill string, which even causes failure of equipment. Researches show that, studying the law of near bit vibration data can reduce non-production time (NPT) and improve drilling efficiency. This paper uses power spectral density and wavelet transform to analyze vibration signals, then compares with normal drilling situation to find out stick slip characteristics. The results show that, when stick slip occurs, the mean value of lateral vibration fluctuates greatly, which indicates stick slip is mainly based on torsional vibration. From the perspective of power spectral density …

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Fault Identification Of High-Speed Train Bogie Based On Siamese Convolutional Neural Network, Yunpu Wu, Weidong Jin, Junxiao Ren Dec 2019

Fault Identification Of High-Speed Train Bogie Based On Siamese Convolutional Neural Network, Yunpu Wu, Weidong Jin, Junxiao Ren

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The performance degradation and failure of high-speed train bogie components will threaten the operation security of train. This paper proposes a fault type identification method based on siamese convolutional neural network to address the scarcity of data and the high-dimension of monitoring signals. Deep residual network with one-dimension convolution layers is employed for features extraction and fusion of vibration signals from multiple sensors. The siamese structure is employed to obtain the similarities between samples. Fault types are identified by ranking similarities in the support set. The experimental results show that the proposed method can identify the fault types with …

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On Operational Experiment Systematization, Xiaogang Qiu, Duan Hong, Bin Chen Dec 2019

On Operational Experiment Systematization, Xiaogang Qiu, Duan Hong, Bin Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the complexity of military simulation object, the way of operational experiment is changing. Based on the discussion of operational experiment requirements, we first present the concepts, objectives, requirements, ideas and related technologies of operational experiment systematization, discuss the requirements, objectives and tasks of the construction of the operational experiment system and point out that simulation engineering in military field is the basis of efficient systematic operational experiment. After that, we describe the concept of domain simulation briefly, and analyze the work needed to be carried out in military simulation engineering from the perspective of sharing the results of …

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Evaluation Method Of Simulation Results Based On Principal Component Analysis, Rusheng Ju, Zimin Cai, Yang Mei, Wang Song Dec 2019

Evaluation Method Of Simulation Results Based On Principal Component Analysis, Rusheng Ju, Zimin Cai, Yang Mei, Wang Song

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A large amount of result data are produced by complex system simulation. These data types are diverse and complex. Usually they cannot be used directly. The inner pattern can only be found by effective evaluation. Based on the characteristics of complex combat simulation results, this paper utilizes the Principal Component Analysis method to reduce the dimension of data analysis and explore the relationship between the system input data and output data. The key influence factors of the measure of force effectiveness is found. The application verification is done by typical examples. The selected principle factors are explored in …

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Research On Mechanical Configuration Of Automatic Container Terminals Based On Simulation Optimization Method, Shaozheng Yu, Dongshi Sun, Chen Jing, Yongchao Li Dec 2019

Research On Mechanical Configuration Of Automatic Container Terminals Based On Simulation Optimization Method, Shaozheng Yu, Dongshi Sun, Chen Jing, Yongchao Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In the study of mechanical configuration problem of automated container terminal, a system simulation model based on discrete event simulation is constructed. The key parameters and interference factors that affect the performance of the system are fully considered in the model and a mechanical scheduling algorithm interface to ensure the effectiveness of the simulation model is designed. On the premise of ensuring the reliability of the container terminal system, a cycle optimization method of mechanical configuration scheme is proposed to minimize the cost. An example is given to solve the mechanical configuration scheme of an automatic container terminal. …

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Research On The Simulation Technology For Multi-Aerocraft Cooperative Guidance, Li Jing, Han Jian, Zhang Qing Dec 2019

Research On The Simulation Technology For Multi-Aerocraft Cooperative Guidance, Li Jing, Han Jian, Zhang Qing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The formal system of multi- aerocraft cooperative simulation system is identified as the discrete event system & different equation system specifications (DEV&DESS) through the analysis of the composition and running mechanism. The running control problem of cooperative simulation system is transformed into simulation control problem of a specific DEV&DESS system. A dynamic operation control method for cooperative guidance simulation system based on coordinator is proposed, and this method is validated by real-time mathematical simulation experiments.

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System Dynamics Modeling For Simulation Of Water Supply And Demand Relationship In Beijing, Longxi Luo, Jianping Wu, Chen Yun, Zhe Xu Dec 2019

System Dynamics Modeling For Simulation Of Water Supply And Demand Relationship In Beijing, Longxi Luo, Jianping Wu, Chen Yun, Zhe Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Beijing is a metropolis and the center of politics and education of China. However, located in the region with a low level of rainfall, Beijing has been struggling with supplying water resources to meet its growing demand. The past and future trend of the water supply and demand balance in Beijing is studied. Historical data is collected and compiled for learning its past behaviors. The system dynamics (SD) modeling can simulate the complicated and integrated relationships in water supply and demand system. An SD model is then constructed based on compiled historical data. The SD model is validated by …

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Intelligent Sandbox For Geography Teaching, Xianli Ji, Yulong Ding, Shuanghua Yang Dec 2019

Intelligent Sandbox For Geography Teaching, Xianli Ji, Yulong Ding, Shuanghua Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: An intelligent sandbox geography teaching demonstration system combining the augmented reality technology and related geographic knowledge is designed and implemented on the Unity3D platform. The system has functions of deep data processing, projection matrix transformation, terrain rendering, fluid simulation, physical characteristics, adding entities along the slope, changes in sunshine angle, gesture interaction, etc., which can render virtual terrain and scene in real time according to the change of the sandbox. Students can interact with the system in projection correction, adding entities, seasonal switching, weather effects, disaster simulation and other scenarios and learn knowledge points such as contour lines, …

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Spatiotemporal Mode Analysis Of Urban Dockless Shared Bikes Based On Point Of Interests Clustering, Zhang Fang, Bin Chen, Yanghua Tang, Dong Jian, Chuan Ai, Xiaogang Qiu Dec 2019

Spatiotemporal Mode Analysis Of Urban Dockless Shared Bikes Based On Point Of Interests Clustering, Zhang Fang, Bin Chen, Yanghua Tang, Dong Jian, Chuan Ai, Xiaogang Qiu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The city’s dockless shared bikes have developed rapidly, and its features of convenience, economy and efficiency have been widely welcomed. The digital footprint they generate reveals the movement of people in time and space within the city, which makes it possible to quantify the activities of people in the city using shared bikes. In this paper, based on the collected shared bikes data of Beijing, a clustering method based on the point of interests is proposed to divide the urban space, so as to construct a mobile network of urban shared bikes, and analysis the spatiotemporal mode of bike …

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An Lstm-Based Motion Recognition Method For Power Operation And Maintenance, Peizhen Liu, Yuxiang Jia, Shihong Xia Dec 2019

An Lstm-Based Motion Recognition Method For Power Operation And Maintenance, Peizhen Liu, Yuxiang Jia, Shihong Xia

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The security of power operation and maintenance has always been a subject of great social concern. In order to avoid serious consequences caused by the fault of staffs, a motion recognition method for power operation and maintenance jobs based on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) is proposed, which covers the whole process from data collection, data processing to motion classification and recognition, then it can recognise and supervise the behavior of staffs who are at work. In addition, a simulation experiment is conducted between the deep learning algorithm LSTM and the traditional machine learning algorithm KNN based on the newly …

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Design Of Feedback Linearization Nonlinear Controller For Asynchronous Motor Power Consumption Efficiency, Li Rui, Yingnian Wu Dec 2019

Design Of Feedback Linearization Nonlinear Controller For Asynchronous Motor Power Consumption Efficiency, Li Rui, Yingnian Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to realize precise feedback linearization and optimal control of motor power consumption for MIMO nonlinear affine system, we build the model of induction motor within which dynamic power loss factor is included. Based on the differential geometry theory, a nonlinear optimization model of the controller is designed for this model to control the asynchronous motor outputs accurately and enhance the power efficiency. This paper presents an optimal control law for multiple inputs multiple outputs affine nonlinear system and the detailed design steps are given combined with examples for multiple outputs tracking problem. The simulation results show that …

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Research On Gear Appearance Defect Recognition Based On Improved Faster R-Cnn, Weixi Ji, Du Meng, Peng Wei, Xu Jie Dec 2019

Research On Gear Appearance Defect Recognition Based On Improved Faster R-Cnn, Weixi Ji, Du Meng, Peng Wei, Xu Jie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to achieve automatic identification of gear appearance defects and improve the qualification rate of gear products, aiming at the generalization of traditional defect recognition algorithms and the time-consuming of manual features extraction, this paper proposes an improved gear flaw detection algorithm for Faster R-CNN. VGG-2CF network is designed to improve the ability to identify smaller targets. Introducing AM-Softmax loss function is introduced to reduce the intra-class variation and optimize the inter-class difference. Combining with F-measure in machine learning algorithm, an AMF-Softmax loss function is proposed to solve the problem of data imbalance. The experimental results show the …

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Survey Of Vision-Based Augmented Reality 3d Registration Technology, Shouming Hou, Han Ji, Yudong Zhang, Ziqiu Zhu Dec 2019

Survey Of Vision-Based Augmented Reality 3d Registration Technology, Shouming Hou, Han Ji, Yudong Zhang, Ziqiu Zhu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Three-dimensional registration technology is one of the core technologies for augmented reality system implementation. In recent years, with the maturity of augmented reality hardware technology and the expansion of application fields, vision-based three-dimensional registration technology has received more attention and development. This paper introduces the basic principles and classification methods of 3D registration technology, focuses on the analysis of the principles and research status of three kinds of visual three-dimensional registration technology based on artificial identification, natural feature points and model.Furthermore, the defects and treatment methods of three visual registration technologies are discussed. The development prospect of visual 3D …

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Decision-Making Method For Formulating Spares Reserve Scheme Based On Deep Neural Network, Yunjing Zhang, Guangming Tang, Xiaoyu Xu Dec 2019

Decision-Making Method For Formulating Spares Reserve Scheme Based On Deep Neural Network, Yunjing Zhang, Guangming Tang, Xiaoyu Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Spare parts classification is important for spare parts storage and is a key part of spare parts decision-making activities. This paper analyzes the factors affecting the reserve scheme of wartime spares. Then by analyzing the inherent attributes of wartime spares, two methods of spare parts classification are proposed to determine the variety and quantity of wartime spares based on deep neural network: (1) Ranks wartime spares according to their importance. A relatively simple deep neural network is used to analyze every attribute of the wartime spares in turn; (2) Inputs all the attributes of wartime spares into a relatively …

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Research On Intelligent Clustering Algorithm For Complex Water Wireless Network Surveillance, Hua Xiang, Hongtao Liang, Zhaoxin Dong, Wang Zhao, Hongjuan Yao, Baohua Li, Bingqing Jiang Dec 2019

Research On Intelligent Clustering Algorithm For Complex Water Wireless Network Surveillance, Hua Xiang, Hongtao Liang, Zhaoxin Dong, Wang Zhao, Hongjuan Yao, Baohua Li, Bingqing Jiang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The clustering of irregular networks will cause load imbalance, which results in the phenomenon of “energy hot zone”. Aiming at the unreasonable topology of irregular network clustering, an intelligent clustering algorithm based on genetic strategy is proposed for the wireless network surveillance of complex water system. An irregular complex water topology model and an energy consumption model are built, and a genetic clustering strategy is designed via the principle of minimum energy consumption. The P matrix coding method is given, which avoids the squared increment of data calculation. Simultaneously, an adaptive genetic operator and a fuzzy modified operator are …

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Moving Object Detection Based On Deep Convolutional Neural Network, Yuqiu Lu, Jinyu Sun, Shiwei Ma Dec 2019

Moving Object Detection Based On Deep Convolutional Neural Network, Yuqiu Lu, Jinyu Sun, Shiwei Ma

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A deep convolution neural network MONet is designed for the intermittent motion problem in moving objects detection. In the absence of training data sets, a synthetic dataset GoChairs is generated by affine transformation, and on this basis the network training and testing are performed. The results show that the trained MONet can effectively detect the moving objects based on the correspondence between the pixels. The traditional datasets CDnet and I2R are also tested to verify the generalization performance of the network. In addition, MONet is compared qualitatively and quantitatively with classical methods for the intermittent motion problem of …

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Urban Functional Area Identification Method Based On Mobile Big Data, Xiao Di, Xiaoyong Zhang, Hu Yang Dec 2019

Urban Functional Area Identification Method Based On Mobile Big Data, Xiao Di, Xiaoyong Zhang, Hu Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the rapid development of urbanization, the function of urban land is constantly evolving. It is of great significance to identify urban functional areas in real time and accurately. In recent years, accompanied by the popularity of smart phones and the rapid development of the Internet, mobile phones have become sensors of human activities. In this paper, a method of urban functional area identification based on time series mobile phone data mining and POI semantics analysis is proposed. The time series feature of remaining mobile phone positioning is extracted facing block scale. And a FCM clustering algorithm based …

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3d Shape Deformation Simulation Algorithm Based On Haptics, Binbin Qi, Xuefang Zhu, Lipeng Fan Dec 2019

3d Shape Deformation Simulation Algorithm Based On Haptics, Binbin Qi, Xuefang Zhu, Lipeng Fan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Shape deformation is widely used in virtual reality, system simulation, computer animation and other graphics applications. Few people pay attention to introducing haptic interaction into 3D model deformation. We provide a haptic interactive framework by introducing haptic interaction into shape editing field. Based on the above haptic interactive framework, we propose a 3D model deformation simulation algorithm based on haptics. In order to realize the shape deformation, this algorithm needs to involve three parts: grid hierarchical structure, local mass-spring model and the dynamic shape deformation. Experimental results show that this algorithm has good stability and strong robustness, and the …

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Intelligent Fire Rescue Based On Internet Of Things And Virtual Reality, Fengting Yan, Zhicai Shi, Qianmin Su, Dong Jing, Jue Chen, Yunyu Shi, Tang Xian Dec 2019

Intelligent Fire Rescue Based On Internet Of Things And Virtual Reality, Fengting Yan, Zhicai Shi, Qianmin Su, Dong Jing, Jue Chen, Yunyu Shi, Tang Xian

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The integration of virtual reality, Internet of Things and artificial intelligence can provide intelligent WebVR interaction for fire rescue decision-making. However, it is necessary to solve the problems of data lightweight, real-time data transmission based on the Internet of Things, and visualization of fire scenario data on the web, and to build effective mechanisms and algorithms. This paper proposes an intelligent fire rescue (IVIFR) mechanism based on the integration of Internet of Things and Virtual Reality, gives a virtual intelligent fire rescue (VIFR) algorithm, and constructs a prototype system of intelligent fire rescue. The VIFR algorithm …

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Intelligent Manufacturing Plan Management Based On Digital Twins, Yingying Xiao, Wang Mei, Liqin Guo, Xing Chi, Changhui Zhuang Dec 2019

Intelligent Manufacturing Plan Management Based On Digital Twins, Yingying Xiao, Wang Mei, Liqin Guo, Xing Chi, Changhui Zhuang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the multi-variety and small-batch manufacturing mode, the planning management system cannot be timely automatically adjusted according to uncertain factors. This paper proposes an intelligent manufacturing plan management system based on factory digital twins. The plan management PDCA business process model is established. In addition, the processing logic model and constraints of the periodic static scheduling model and the dynamic emergency scheduling model are proposed. Based on the planning management case of hybrid assembly of two types of aerospace complex products, it is verified that the management model proposed in this paper can support the intelligent dynamic adjustment of …

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A Cloud Service Composition Optimization Based On Hnn, Huili Zhang, Zhihe Li Dec 2019

A Cloud Service Composition Optimization Based On Hnn, Huili Zhang, Zhihe Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the rapid development of Cloud service application, how to effectively optimize the composition of Cloud services on cloud platform and improve the overall performance of cloud platform system have become an urgent research issue. In order to improve the efficiency of Cloud services, a combined optimization model based on Hopfield neural network is proposed. The problem of Cloud services is modeled. The problem is expressed as Hopfield Neural Network energy model for optimization, and a PSO group algorithm with Cauchy disturbance is designed to improve the Hopfield model. The experimental comparison shows that the method can improve …

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Rehabilitation Training System Of Vr-Based Speech Apraxia, Huanhuan Jiao, Zhigeng Pan, Shuchang Xu, Qingshu Yuan Dec 2019

Rehabilitation Training System Of Vr-Based Speech Apraxia, Huanhuan Jiao, Zhigeng Pan, Shuchang Xu, Qingshu Yuan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the enthusiasm of active training in patients with traditional speech apraxia rehabilitation is gradually weakened, a virtual reality-based rehabilitation training system for speech apraxia is designed. The system simulates the 26 monosyllabic pronunciation mouths shapes made by virtual human in Chinese and uses it for the learning module. It is proposed to identify 26 monosyllabic words by using the isolated word speech recognition algorithm, which improves the accuracy of speech recognition. The system includes a training module and a scene module for assisting the patient's pronunciation rehabilitation training. The evaluation results show that …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Complex Equipment Health Management System Based On Cloud Computing, Tianrui Zhang, Chuansheng Qu, Baoku Wu, Jianan Xu Dec 2019

Modeling And Simulation Of Complex Equipment Health Management System Based On Cloud Computing, Tianrui Zhang, Chuansheng Qu, Baoku Wu, Jianan Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For complex equipment operation safely, the health management problems of complex equipment life cycle is analyzed. In order to realize remote service, complex equipment health management mode based on cloud computing is proposed. Aiming at the accuracy problem in the process of extracting and recognizing complex equipment characteristic data, the feature knowledge acquisition method based on ontology is researched, and the expression and acquisition algorithm of state characteristic knowledge is proposed. A task sequencing algorithm faults based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is proposed, an appropriate task assignment model is selected for scheduling health management technicians. …

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Research On Eye Location And Head State Detection Based On Integrated Learning, Yingnian Wu, Mengjia He, Xiang Wei Dec 2019

Research On Eye Location And Head State Detection Based On Integrated Learning, Yingnian Wu, Mengjia He, Xiang Wei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For real-time detection of eye location problem, a real-time detection system of human eye based on Viola Jones algorithm is designed. Through the MATLAB, the real-time reading and positioning of the detected human eye pictures are controlled by the external or webcam. Through side view, top view, and upward view, it is shown that the human eye real-time positioning system has good detection effect and robustness. In view of the poor classification effect of small data sets on the head state, the random forest algorithm is used to classify the pitching Angle and yaw Angle by HOG-LBP fusion feature …

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