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Articles 3241 - 3270 of 3976

Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

Research On Vibration Characteristics And Parameters Influence Of A Nonlinear Vibration Absorber, Lilan Liu, Bolin Ren, Guodong Zhu Dec 2019

Research On Vibration Characteristics And Parameters Influence Of A Nonlinear Vibration Absorber, Lilan Liu, Bolin Ren, Guodong Zhu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The bistable nonlinear electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (BNEVEH) is used as a vibration absorber to absorb harmful vibration and transfer it into useful electric energy. The mechanical model and governing equation of the main system with BNEVEH are established. The effect of Gauss white noise intensity on large amplitude motion is analyzed by simulations. And the effect law of mass ratio and tuning frequency ratio on the vibration reduction of the main system and power generation of bistable vibration absorber under Gauss white noise excitation is analyzed from the point of vibration reduction and vibration energy harvesting. The optimal …

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High-Order Reconstruction Of Maneuvering Decision-Making Process In Close Air Combat, Ya’Nan Kou, Longting Jiang, Wang Dong Dec 2019

High-Order Reconstruction Of Maneuvering Decision-Making Process In Close Air Combat, Ya’Nan Kou, Longting Jiang, Wang Dong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the reconfiguration of maneuvering decision-making in air combat, an extraction model of key maneuvering decision-making points is constructed. Based on the actual aircraft flight status data, by introducing the concept of jerkiness degree in physics, four indexes of pitching Angle, yaw Angle, roll Angle and speed jerkiness, are selected to construct evaluation index system of key maneuvering decision point. By using the theory of information entropy , the relevant indexes are reduced and the comprehensive evaluation value are obtained. Then maneuvering area is divided according to time domain, the decision points are extracted, and maneuvering decision-making refactoring …

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Optimized Linear Adrc Control For A Class Of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Xie Tian, Wu Rui Dec 2019

Optimized Linear Adrc Control For A Class Of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems, Huang Yu, Xie Tian, Wu Rui

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Linear active disturbance rejection control has many parameters and it is difficult to obtain appropriate parameters. Therefore, a quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on cosine decreasing function is proposed in this article for searching optimal LADRC parameters. In this algorithm, cosine decreasing function and updated equation of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm are combined. By using the variable characteristic of cosine decreasing function with the increase of iteration times, the original global optimization ability of quantum particle swarm optimization is retained and its poor local optimization ability is overcome. And the simulation results show that the LADRC optimized …

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Gcps Adaptive Scheduling Model Based On Cooperative Executor, Zhang Jing, Chen Yao, Sun Jun, Hongbo Fan Dec 2019

Gcps Adaptive Scheduling Model Based On Cooperative Executor, Zhang Jing, Chen Yao, Sun Jun, Hongbo Fan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the uncertainty of grid cyber physical systems leads to chain failure, an adaptive GCPS dispatching model based on co-actuator is established. First, the constraint conditions of the system are analyzed. A model constraints of GCPS system is presented to describe the constraint conditions of the power system, and it is proved that it meets the consistency of the measure and representing methods. Second, the optimal value of approximation error is solved by PILOT, and the framework of CA-SADM is described. Finally, the performance index, output power accuracy and the influence of fault on the …

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Simulation Of Axial Vibration Characteristics Of Marine Riser Under Suspension Mode, Chuan Wang, Li Jun, Zhenqiang Xie, Guorong Wang Dec 2019

Simulation Of Axial Vibration Characteristics Of Marine Riser Under Suspension Mode, Chuan Wang, Li Jun, Zhenqiang Xie, Guorong Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The mechanical simulation model of vertical vibration of Marine riser under suspension mode has been established based on the basic principle of dynamics theory. In the model, the influence of heave movement and top tensioner is considered. The vibration equation is solved by the finite difference method to obtain the distribution of axial stress and displacement. Besides, the effects of suspension mode, buoyancy block,water depth, wall thickness and LMRP on the vertical vibration of riser are discussed. According to the results, the soft suspension mode is superior to the hard suspension mode. The buoyancy blocks will increase the …

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Simulation Of The Resistance Of Superhydrophobic Microchannel In Turbulent Regime, Chunxi Li, Qingze Cui, Xuemin Ye Dec 2019

Simulation Of The Resistance Of Superhydrophobic Microchannel In Turbulent Regime, Chunxi Li, Qingze Cui, Xuemin Ye

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: VOF model and the Realizable k-ε turbulent model are used to simulate the three-dimensional flow field of superhydrophobic microchannels with longitudinal and transverse microstructures in turbulent regime, the effects of structural parameters on the resistance characteristics of superhydrophobic surface are analyzed. The results show that the superhydrophobic microchannels with longitudinal microgrooves exhibit significant reductions in drag; with the increase of the free shear area ratio and the width of the microchannel, the ratio of pressure drop increases, and the average friction factor decreases, as well as the drag reduction effect is highly significant; with the increase of …

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Robust And Self-Synchronous Steganography For Voice-Over-Ip Based On Ldpc Codes, Zhanzhan Gao, Guangming Tang, Haitao Song Nov 2019

Robust And Self-Synchronous Steganography For Voice-Over-Ip Based On Ldpc Codes, Zhanzhan Gao, Guangming Tang, Haitao Song

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: VoIP (Voice over IP) is a kind of voice communication technology based on UDP/IP protocols, so packet loss will inevitably happen when the channel environment deteriorates. Besides that, stego VoIP data flows are real-time and have no head or tail, which pose more challenges to accurately extract the secret messages. This paper proposes a robust and self-synchronous VoIP steganography method, which solves the above two problems under the premise of maintaining good imperceptibility. In this method, low density parity check (LDPC) codes are introduced to preprocess the secret data, and the encoded data are embedded into voice …

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No-Collision Curling Trajectory Simulation System, Tian Yu, Xu Ming Nov 2019

No-Collision Curling Trajectory Simulation System, Tian Yu, Xu Ming

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In just a few decades, China’s curling accomplished splendid work. But it’s scientific research falling behind a lot. Applying computer simulation technology in sports training can effectively help the athletes to understand the problems that exist in the training. When curling stone slides on the ice, it can be regarded as two-dimensional motion of rigid body, which can be decomposed into two parts: translation of the center of mass and rotation of a fixed axis around the center of mass. Using computer simulation technology to simulate the curling trajectory, and with the help of this system, the athletes can …

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Multi-Projector Annular Display Based On Laser Marking Points, Shuiying Ge, Jitao Neng, Shibiao Xu, Xiaopeng Zhang Nov 2019

Multi-Projector Annular Display Based On Laser Marking Points, Shuiying Ge, Jitao Neng, Shibiao Xu, Xiaopeng Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: This paper proposes a software method to construct a multi-projector display system. Based on the known geometric parameters of the projection curve surface such as radius, radian and the height of the circular-screen and the laser marking points, this method calculates the projection matrix of each projector to warp the image of each projector correctly. The Alpha blending and gamma rectification techniques are used to do the color blending. The experimental results show that the geometric warping and color blending effects of the seamless multi-projector display system are stable and effective.

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Simulation Analyses Of A Method For Extracting Dynamic Parameters From Forced Vibration Responses, Yumiao Wei, Zhili Zhang, Zhengjun Chang, Junyang Zhao, Xiangyang Li Nov 2019

Simulation Analyses Of A Method For Extracting Dynamic Parameters From Forced Vibration Responses, Yumiao Wei, Zhili Zhang, Zhengjun Chang, Junyang Zhao, Xiangyang Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To characterize the dynamic features of electromechanical system, a method is researched for dynamic parameters extraction from the forced vibration responses. The forced vibration response signals are processed by HVD method, and the free damped oscillation components are acquired. The SSA-FREEVIB analysis is conducted for the obtained components to measure the dynamic characteristics. The equalization procedures are implemented for the backbones and damping data, the resonance frequency and Q value are therefore accurately estimated. Simulation results show that the calculated resonance frequency and Q value coincide well with the theoretical values. A good anti-noise performance of the proposed …

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Ground Coverage Stitching Simulation Algorithm For Remote Sensing Satellite, Shuhao Liu, Wang Tong, Zhang Yue Nov 2019

Ground Coverage Stitching Simulation Algorithm For Remote Sensing Satellite, Shuhao Liu, Wang Tong, Zhang Yue

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Ground coverage stitching is the base of remote sensing satellite mission simulation. A coverage stitching simulation algorithm is proposed, considering big time step and attitude maneuver simulation. Transient coverage region is computed by light of view intersection and tangent searching methods. Transient coverage boundaries of different simulation times are stitched by two-dimension convex hull algorithm. Between points of the stitched region polygon edges, new vertexes are interpolated. With the method proposed, limb coverage problem and coverage fusion when time step is large can be solved. Computer simulation results show that the algorithm achieves a fine accuracy and …

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Temporal Network And Its Application, Mingzhi Zhang, Luo Kai, Wu Xi, Qingjun Zhang Nov 2019

Temporal Network And Its Application, Mingzhi Zhang, Luo Kai, Wu Xi, Qingjun Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The traditional method which aggregates the information in a period of time to the static network cannot reflect effectively the dynamic features between the network nodes and their relations. The temporal network and its applications were studied. The temporal network was introduced and the differences between temporal network and static network were analyzed. The types and the two kinds of representation methods of temporal network were divided. The model of temporal network was constructed. Temporal path and temporal distance were discussed. Taking the vulnerability analysis of space information network for example, the results show the advantages of temporal network …

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Recognition Method On Two-Phase Flow Regime Based On Cross Recursive Analysis, Yongbo He, Yushan Dong, Rongrong Xue Nov 2019

Recognition Method On Two-Phase Flow Regime Based On Cross Recursive Analysis, Yongbo He, Yushan Dong, Rongrong Xue

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the problems that the two-phase flow regime recognition speed is slow and the recognition accuracy is low, a flow regime recognition method is proposed based on cross recursive analysis (CRA) without imaging. The false nearest neighbors are used to analyze flow regime capacitance values measured by capacitance sensor to obtain an optimal embedding dimension; and the embedding dimension of cross recursive plot is established for several typical flow patterns. The capacitance values of the simulation flow regimes and the reference flow regimes are analyzed using cross recursion to get a set of cross recursive plots. The similarity …

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Locally Weighted Learning Control For Dynamic Restricted Manipulators, Wang Gang, Tairen Sun, Shengpei Ding Nov 2019

Locally Weighted Learning Control For Dynamic Restricted Manipulators, Wang Gang, Tairen Sun, Shengpei Ding

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: This paper proposes a locally weighted learning control law for a manipulator with state and input constraints and modeling uncertainties. By visualizing the control input as an extended state, the control problem is converted into control design for a state-constraint uncertain nonlinear system. Barrier Lyapunov functions are introduced into a backstepping procedure and a locally weighted learning control is designed, which ensures the exponential convergence of the barrier functions to a small neighborhood of zero and then guarantees satisfaction of system constraints and the tracking error convergence. The control feasibility and effectiveness is validated by theoretical analysis and …

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Dynamic Data Reserved Modeling Method Based On Steady-State Component Estimation And State Tracking, Dong Ze, Erxin Yin Nov 2019

Dynamic Data Reserved Modeling Method Based On Steady-State Component Estimation And State Tracking, Dong Ze, Erxin Yin

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the existing problems of conventional industrial system modeling methods, a dynamic data reserved modeling method based on steady-state component estimation and state tracking is proposed. The dynamic response data of the system is selected as the modeling data. The input value at the end of the selected data is chosen as steady-state component, and the steady-state component value of output is artificial given. Steady-state component of the modeling data is removed according to the steady-state component of input and output, and the modeling data is divided into three sections. The prediction model and the state observer are …

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Design Method Of Tactical Level Hexagonal Wargame Map, Fen Tang, Zhang Xin, You Xiong, Zhiqiang Wu, Kunwei Li Nov 2019

Design Method Of Tactical Level Hexagonal Wargame Map, Fen Tang, Zhang Xin, You Xiong, Zhiqiang Wu, Kunwei Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Wargame map is an indispensable component of wargame. The current research on wargame map focused itself on the hexagonal grid segmentation, the terrain quantization models and relevant algorithms, and the technical realization of the application algorithm based on wargame map. However, the wargame map design is inadequate in corresponding instructions and methods. Therefore, based on the traditional map design method and fully taking into account the characteristics of the army tactical level hexagonal wargame map, the principle and process of army tactical level hexagonal wargame map design are proposed, and the critical steps in the process of the wargame …

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Remote Real-Time Rendering System Based On Graphics Cluster, Haiyang Liu, Xiaofeng Hu, Lei Xu Nov 2019

Remote Real-Time Rendering System Based On Graphics Cluster, Haiyang Liu, Xiaofeng Hu, Lei Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of rendering application for many remote users with different requirements, according to the multi-user oriented asynchronous distributed application mode in graphics cluster environment, a general framework of remote real-time rendering system based on graphics cluster is proposed, and the main functional modules are designed. The integrated application of key technologies, including GPU rendering based on Docker, dynamic load balancing and real-time transmission control of images, is analyzed. The effectiveness of system solution is demonstrated by concrete examples.

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Simulation Analysis Of Vehicle Electromagnetic Environment Under Excitation Of Vhf Antenna, Xiaoying Sun, Hanqing Wang, Jinpeng Yang, Zhao Yu Nov 2019

Simulation Analysis Of Vehicle Electromagnetic Environment Under Excitation Of Vhf Antenna, Xiaoying Sun, Hanqing Wang, Jinpeng Yang, Zhao Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the issue of distribution regularity of field strength in vehicle cab under excitation of vehicle-borne high-power VHF antenna, a method of numerical simulation combining with extreme value theory to predict maximum field strength is proposed, which minimizes sample collecting difficulty and fitting deviation. CST simulation software is applied to get field strength sample in vehicle cab, and generalized extreme value (GEV) is used to fitting entire field strength distribution. peak over threshold (POT) model based on Generalized Pareto distribution is used to research high field strength value sample statistical characteristics. Resultsshow that under antenna excitation of 92.5 …

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Spatial Spectrum Estimation Method Of Flank Twin-Line Array Based On Cross-Spectrum Correlation, Zhizhong Li, Wang Sen, Zhongliang Xu, Weiguo Dai, Qijun Liu Nov 2019

Spatial Spectrum Estimation Method Of Flank Twin-Line Array Based On Cross-Spectrum Correlation, Zhizhong Li, Wang Sen, Zhongliang Xu, Weiguo Dai, Qijun Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering the structural features of the flank twin-line array, researches on spatial spectrum estimation of twin-line array based on adaptive beam-forming and cross-spectrum correlation were carried out. A spatial spectrum estimation method based on cross-spectrum correlation is proposed according to the theory of cross-spectrum. The study of spectrum estimation performance comparison of the twin-line array was finished by that method combined with the conventional beam-forming and the adaptive beam-forming respectively. The results prove that the method based on cross-spectrum correlation has a better capability in noise suppression; and the method, which combined adaptive beam-forming with cross-spectrum correlation, is the …

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Robustness Analysis Of Interdependent Networks For Cascading Failure, Congdong Li, Wenbo Li, Cejun Cao, Wang Yu Nov 2019

Robustness Analysis Of Interdependent Networks For Cascading Failure, Congdong Li, Wenbo Li, Cejun Cao, Wang Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For guiding interdependent system construction and improving its vulnerability, it is helpful to research on the robustness of interdependent networks. Based on the related works, the cascading failure model of interdependent networks coupled by nodes’ betweenness was built, which considered comprehensively the nodes’ overload, interdependent nodes’ failure, and links’ loss. The robustness of interdependent networks was studied from the perspective of different coupled intensities, coupled patterns, and different nodes’ failure. Simulation results manifest that the robustness of assortative link interdependent networks is the best, the robustness of disassortative link interdependent networks is the worst. The robustness of interdependent networks …

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Cloud-End Cooperative Manufacturing And Simulation Application In Electrical Equipment Industry, Ruijie Shi, Zou Ping, Xike Wu, Liu Gang, Gao Chen, Junyuan Zhang, Li Lin, Guo Li Nov 2019

Cloud-End Cooperative Manufacturing And Simulation Application In Electrical Equipment Industry, Ruijie Shi, Zou Ping, Xike Wu, Liu Gang, Gao Chen, Junyuan Zhang, Li Lin, Guo Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Electrical equipment manufacturing industry hopes to achieve cloud-end cooperative manufacturing of the whole industry chain services by means of national network e-commerce cloud platform. On the basis of explaining the role of simulation in cloud-end cooperative manufacturing, this paper analyses the practical problems faced by enterprises in electrical equipment industry to realize cloud-end cooperative manufacturing, and presents effective solutions and overall solution; all kinds of the necessary application services are provided, which coincide with the actual requirement of electrical equipment manufacturing industry; and the research results of the key problems for realization about them are introduced. The overall industry …

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Ti-A* Based Multi-Robot Dynamic Planning And Coordination Method, Zhao Ping, Xinyu Lei, Bozhi Chen, Jiaoyun Yang Nov 2019

Ti-A* Based Multi-Robot Dynamic Planning And Coordination Method, Zhao Ping, Xinyu Lei, Bozhi Chen, Jiaoyun Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Multiple robots path planning problem in dynamic environment is one of the significant and basic problems of cluster robot perception and coordination. The planning problem is decomposed into two modules: the path planning and the conflict coordination. By introducing time-cost function, the Time Integrated A* algorithm (TI-A*) is introduced. Variable speed is employed simultaneously to coordinate the motion and hereby to avoid the deadlock and conflict. By adjusting the timing when the coordination phase is involved, two different coordination TI-A* algorithms are presented, including the speed-changing algorithm and path-changing algorithm. The two algorithms are compared and the respective …

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Smart Design And Simulation Of Aerospace Control System Based On Digital Twin, Xiaoxiang Liu, Tang Liang, Haibo Zeng, Yubai Liu, Xinbang Zhang Nov 2019

Smart Design And Simulation Of Aerospace Control System Based On Digital Twin, Xiaoxiang Liu, Tang Liang, Haibo Zeng, Yubai Liu, Xinbang Zhang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In accordance with the demand for intelligent development of spacecraft, and on the basis of the existing model-driven aerospace control design and simulation system, the new technological architectures using the digital twin and digital thread technique are carried out to achieve intelligent scheme design, simulation verification and in-orbit analysis. Employing the intelligent interconnection concept of cyber-physical systems, the space-ground integrated big data analysis and knowledge automation system are proposed. Based on this, the practical application scenarios are put forward through the full development flow and the entire life cycle. Not only it covers the smart application of information technology, …

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Overview Of Digital Twins Application And Safe Development, Li Xin, Liu Xiu, Xinxin Wan Nov 2019

Overview Of Digital Twins Application And Safe Development, Li Xin, Liu Xiu, Xinxin Wan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The Digital Twins simulate the whole process of the manufacture, and promote the development of smart manufacturing and other fields. In view of the rapid development and application of Digital Twins, the concept and history of Digital Twins are outlined, and its related technology system is given. The main application and development trend of Digital Twins in intelligent manufacturing as while as the main characters of Digital Twins in smart cities are combed. The cyber security problem of Digital Twins is discussed for intelligent manufacturing and smart cities. The scheme and suggestion are given for ensuring the cyber security …

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Spatiotemporal Characteristics Of Air Pollutants, Meteorology And Traffic During Heavy Haze Pollution In Beijing, Dongmei Hu, Jianping Wu, Kun Tian, Lüchao Liao, Yiman Du Nov 2019

Spatiotemporal Characteristics Of Air Pollutants, Meteorology And Traffic During Heavy Haze Pollution In Beijing, Dongmei Hu, Jianping Wu, Kun Tian, Lüchao Liao, Yiman Du

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: We analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollutants, meteorology, and average road speed during a heavy haze pollution period; and explored the combined impacts of temporary traffic restrictions and meteorological conditions on air quality. The results showed that five pollution stages were identified with remarkable variation patterns based on the evolution of PM2.5 concentration and weather conditions; and it also showed that the southern sites experienced heavier pollution than the northern sites. Stage P3 exhibited a combined effect of meteorology and traffic restrictions with delayed functions. A good AQI was more likely with higher temperature and lower humidity. …

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Stereo Matching Based On Enhanced Message Passing For Investigation Of Traffic Accident Scenes, Jingzhou Huang, Houpan Zhou, Liliang Wang, Xiaofang Huang, Li Na Nov 2019

Stereo Matching Based On Enhanced Message Passing For Investigation Of Traffic Accident Scenes, Jingzhou Huang, Houpan Zhou, Liliang Wang, Xiaofang Huang, Li Na

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The investigation of traffic accident scenes requires restoring real scenes in a given time, and it can be implemented through binocular vision technique. For its core procedure—stereo matching, we studied the popular hierarchical belief propagation (HBP) algorithm and presented an improved approach which contained two modules: optimization in the native level and cost transmission between adjacent levels. The optimization ability is improved by enhancing the impact of message passing within and between levels for estimating disparities of unmatched points and correcting wrong disparities. Experiment results show that the optimization ability of the improved approach has been enhanced, and …

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Visual Simulation Of Dynamic Burning Scene Of Single Plant, Weilong Ding, Linfeng Luo, Zheng Lei, Fuli Wu, Lifeng Xu Nov 2019

Visual Simulation Of Dynamic Burning Scene Of Single Plant, Weilong Ding, Linfeng Luo, Zheng Lei, Fuli Wu, Lifeng Xu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: At present, the research of the interactive process between plants and the flame mainly focuses on the visual simulation of forest fire scenario, but it is lack of the study on description of the interaction of individual plants and flame in detail. Aiming at this issue, this paper proposed a visual solution to model the process of a single plant burning. We established a plant model based on the branch node relationship and used particle system to model the flame. We set up a distance temperature field around a flame by using bounding sphere, and used a collision …

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Simulation Analysis Of Self-Driving Travelling Routes, Sun Ling, Ya Dong, Liu Wei, Guanyun Yang Nov 2019

Simulation Analysis Of Self-Driving Travelling Routes, Sun Ling, Ya Dong, Liu Wei, Guanyun Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: China's tourism industry develops rapidly. By building self-driving traveling plan model and using traversal algorithm and stochastic optimization algorithm, the area optimal travel plans with Matlab simulation are obtained. If traveling time is too long in one area, the K-mean clustering algorithm can be used to divide it into two parts for simulation. A case study of 5A attractions in China is used for establishing a national self-driving traveling plan model. The concept of the Time Value is proposed. By comparing the travel modes of plane, train and car, the common model is established. The sensitivity analysis of Time …

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Travel Time Reliability Of Inside Area Of Roundabouts, Yuzhou Duan, Tingting Chai, Jian Jie Nov 2019

Travel Time Reliability Of Inside Area Of Roundabouts, Yuzhou Duan, Tingting Chai, Jian Jie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the travel time reliability, this paper analyzes the traffic states in the inside area of the roundabout. The travel time reliability model is established from three aspects: route path, entrance and system, and the practicability of the model is verified by the VISSIM simulation. On this basis, the correlation analysis is made on between the adjacent paths of the same entrance and adjacent paths of the adjacent entrances, and the fitting equations are obtained. Taking the number of lanes, traffic volumes, proportion of left-turns and the rate of heavy vehicles as variables, a sensitivity analysis …

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Integrated Simulation Optimization Of Hard Shoulder Running Combined With Speed Harmonization, Ruimin Li, Ye Zhen, Bin Li Nov 2019

Integrated Simulation Optimization Of Hard Shoulder Running Combined With Speed Harmonization, Ruimin Li, Ye Zhen, Bin Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: We have a study on hard shoulder running (HSR) combined with speed harmonization. The breakdown events were screened out during the study period from massive detector data. The impact of hard shoulder volume on breakdown probabilities was analyzed. The nonparametric breakdown probabilities distribution model and logistic regression model were put forward based on highway mainline traffic volume, hard shoulder volume and ramp volume from the study case which was divided into three factors-basic segment, on-ramp merging segment and off-ramp diverging segment. The speed harmonization and HSR were optimized through reducing the traffic breakdown probabilities of a congested traffic network. …

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