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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Applied Mechanics
Cnn-Based Hybrid Model For Detecting Blight Diseases In Potato Crops With Advanced Image Processing Techniques, Farian S. Ishengoma
Cnn-Based Hybrid Model For Detecting Blight Diseases In Potato Crops With Advanced Image Processing Techniques, Farian S. Ishengoma
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Potato production plays a vital role in global agriculture as a major food source for large populations. However, potato crops are highly susceptible to diseases, particularly Early Blight and Late Blight, which result in substantial yield losses. Timely detection and effective control of these diseases are essential for maintaining stable crop output. This study explores the integration of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and advanced image processing techniques to differentiate between diseased and healthy potato plants accurately. Two datasets comprising original and enhanced images were used to train four CNN models: InceptionV3, Xception, Densenet201, and Resnet152V2. The original images underwent background …
The Role Of Internal Factors On Vehicular Mobility, Aziz Mdimi
The Role Of Internal Factors On Vehicular Mobility, Aziz Mdimi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Vehicle mobility internal factors are influenced by the performance state of the road surface quality, governor, engine, gear train, differential unit and mobility unit. Studies on vehicular mobility models exist for off-road external factors but absent on on-road internal factors. The on-road internal factors model describes the vehicular mobility performance as a function of internal factors. In the current undertaking, results are generated by the determination of mobility performance characteristics with the application of 2nd Order Ordinary Differential Equations and using Laplace operator with MATLAB Software simulation. The effect of road surface against the time taken varies accordingly. At a …
Cellulose Recovery From Waste Denim Fabrics Through Indigo Vat Dye Reduction And Spandex Dissolution, Tito N. Venance
Cellulose Recovery From Waste Denim Fabrics Through Indigo Vat Dye Reduction And Spandex Dissolution, Tito N. Venance
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This study addresses environmental conservation by tackling end-of-life management for post-consumer denim garments through the recycling of cotton fibres from waste denim. The purification process involved dithionite reduction of vat dyes in the presence of an alkali followed by selective dissolution of spandex using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Optimal conditions for dye removal were determined at 90°C for 120 minutes with sodium hydroxide at 25 g/L, sodium dithionite at 6 g/L and PVP at 4.5 g/L, while spandex extraction was achieved using a 5% DMF solution at 70°C for 4 hours. Ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectrophotometric analysis indicated a significant increase in whiteness (DL*). …
Effects Of Thermal Shock Protection Methods On Pressure Measurements In A Rapid Compression Machine, Myeji Materego
Effects Of Thermal Shock Protection Methods On Pressure Measurements In A Rapid Compression Machine, Myeji Materego
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The study investigates the impact of thermal shock protection methods on pressure measurements in Rapid Compression Machines (RCMs). It focuses on the performance of various pressure transducers, specifically 601A, 701A, 6061B, and 7005, under atmospheric initial conditions. The research emphasizes the importance of mounting techniques and coatings, revealing their significant effects on pressure trace accuracy. Special mounting adaptors for the pressure transducers were designed and manufactured, this enabled simultaneous measurements for all transducers to be made in a single compression stroke. Instantaneous pressure within combustion chamber was measured when air was compressed in RCM from initial pressure and temperatures of …
Assessing The Importance Of Air-Decking Blasting In Controlling Bigv At An Open Pit Gold Mine In Tanzania Using Ann Model, Karim R. Baruti
Assessing The Importance Of Air-Decking Blasting In Controlling Bigv At An Open Pit Gold Mine In Tanzania Using Ann Model, Karim R. Baruti
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Air-decking blasting technique is used to control blast induced ground vibration (BIGV) in several mines including open-pit gold mines located in Tanzania. While the importance of air-deck to control BIGV is practically evident, theoretical models such as BIGV prediction models cannot be used to assess the importance of air-decking. The main objective of this study was to assess the importance of the air-decking blasting technique to control BIGV using the artificial neural network (ANN)Model. To achieve this objective, ANNs were modeled and trained to learn the pattern of data using Multilayer Perception with Back Propagation to predict BIGV. The main …
Extraction And Characterization Of Fibres From The Bark Of Ficus Nekbudu Tree, Liberato V Haule
Extraction And Characterization Of Fibres From The Bark Of Ficus Nekbudu Tree, Liberato V Haule
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This paper investigates the extraction and characterization of fibres from the bark of the ficus nekbudu tree. The Ficus Nekbudu Fibres (FNF) was extracted from the bark by retting in water and then treatment with sodium hydroxide solution. The extracted FNF was analysed for chemical composition, physical, tensile, surface, structural and thermal stability properties. Findings on the chemical composition indicated that FNF has cellulose (49.9 %), lignin (13.4%), ash (7.1%) and water content (8.1%). From the physical investigation it was found that FNF has density (1.42 ± 0.005 g/cm3) and moisture regain (9.2 ±0.3%). From mechanical investigation it was found …
Designing A Cylindrical Capacitive Based Sensor For Monitoring The Table Salt’S Moisture Content During Iodization, Mwajuma Lungo
Designing A Cylindrical Capacitive Based Sensor For Monitoring The Table Salt’S Moisture Content During Iodization, Mwajuma Lungo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Coaxial cylinder capacitive moisture sensor for determination of moisture content of table salts has been fabricated. The CMS method for determination of moisture content of table salts overcomes the effect of evaporation of iodine in table salt which results from heating in the oven drying method. The CMS overcomes the polarization effect result from the resistive methods of moisture content determination and it is non expensive to construct and it has high accuracy since measurements involves programming system in interpretation of the results. In this research, moisture content sensor based on capacitive principal created using two coaxial cylinders with height …
Application Of Mangrove Timber In Reinforcing Concrete, John K. Makunza Jkm
Application Of Mangrove Timber In Reinforcing Concrete, John K. Makunza Jkm
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Use of mangrove timber beams for supporting floor slabs in historic buildings in Zanzibar Stone Town is still applied although the available structural data on mangrove timber is inadequate. This concern has called for an investigation on the structural properties of mangrove timber, so that the information obtained could help to establish the structural strength of the existing floor slabs in historic buildings. Hence, mangrove timber specimens were sampled from Zanzibar, and tested in the laboratory for their strengths in tension, compression and shear. The test results showed that mangrove is a hardwood timber of strength class D70, the highest …
A Perspective Into Development Of Pavement Design Methods For Low Volume Roads: A Review, Mwajuma Lingwanda
A Perspective Into Development Of Pavement Design Methods For Low Volume Roads: A Review, Mwajuma Lingwanda
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The definition of low volume roads (LVRs) is not time static and it varies from place to place around the world. The importance of such roads for providing access, in connecting communities and link farms to markets is well appreciated worldwide. LVRs are credited as the direct source of social economic development in rural communities, growth, reduction of poverty and sustaining livelihood. Nevertheless, the LVR network is growing at an unsatisfactory rate especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The slow rate in developing LVR network is attributed to the high cost of construction and maintenance. To the author’s perspective, research has a …
Review On Modifications Of Sisal Fibers For Textile Applications, Liberato V Haule
Review On Modifications Of Sisal Fibers For Textile Applications, Liberato V Haule
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Properties of sisal fibers such as high coarseness and poor drapability made the fibers less suitable in production of conventional textiles compared to synthetic fibers. The environmental consciousness and depletion of petrochemical resources have attracted researchers on investigating the use of natural fibers in the industrial production of conventional textiles. Sisal is among highly researched natural fibers due to its features such as strength, recyclability, availability, low processing cost, light weight and ease process ability. This paper reviews possible modifications of sisal fibers to enhance performance in conventional textiles applications
Experimental Investigation On Recovery Of Micro Hydropower Dump Load Through Oil Heating System, Joseph H. Kihedu Dr.
Experimental Investigation On Recovery Of Micro Hydropower Dump Load Through Oil Heating System, Joseph H. Kihedu Dr.
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Micro hydropower power generates electrical energy to meet connected electrical demand, that normally fluctuates causing imbalances. Electronic load controller is then used to balance power system by diverting surplus generated power to the dump load commonly resistive load such as bulk water heater. This study investigated use of oil heating system as a replacement for conventional resistive dump load. In comparison to water, oil has high thermal retention therefore can serve as good thermal media. Dump load range ranged between 17 kW to 78 kW. A 6-kW electrical heater was used for laboratory oil heating system from which heated oil …
Extraction And Characterization Of Collagen From Cattle Horns For Potential Wound Healing, Yeriko Halson
Extraction And Characterization Of Collagen From Cattle Horns For Potential Wound Healing, Yeriko Halson
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The need for bandages and gauze for wound dressing and healing is inevitable due to the high increase in accidents. Most of the material used for the production of bandages and gauzes for wound healing are from non-renewable synthetic material. The sustainability of non renewable resources is at jeopardy due to the health and associated environmental impact. Consequently, the use of naturally occurring and biodegradable material is a promising solution to the sustainability challenges of synthetic material. In this paper, the extraction of collagen films from cattle horns for potential wound healing is reported. Collagen was extracted from cattle horns …
Studying Dielectric Losses Of Serially Combined Silicone Rubber And Epoxy Resin, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Studying Dielectric Losses Of Serially Combined Silicone Rubber And Epoxy Resin, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
High voltage outdoor insulation systems are conventionally ceramics and glass with several advantages, such as proven in the field, excellent dielectric properties, durability, and long life. However, they are heavy, attract vandals and break easily, and they can lose their dielectric properties easily when subjected to high voltage transients, arcing, and surges. To curb this, polymer insulators are used because they have excellent dielectric properties, such as those of ceramics and glass, with the added advantages that they do not break easily and recover their lost dielectric properties after any electrical transients. Therefore, this paper investigates the dielectric properties of …
Sensible Heat Bean Cooker, Casiana Lwiwa
Sensible Heat Bean Cooker, Casiana Lwiwa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Alternative cooking energy to replace wood fuels is needed in the African context. Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is a solution but is still based on burning fossil fuel. Electrical cookers can be an alternative as well. However, for off-grid systems this means electrical batteries are required, as the solar electricity from Photovoltaic (PV) panels is intermittent, and as cooking is also to be made after sunset. Heat storage technologies can provide solutions where available energy is stored in the form of heat for cooking when needed. The challenge is then to develop systems which are robust, safe, and technically simple. …
Preparation And Characterization Of Microporous Cellulose Membranes As Potential Pathogen Filters, Peresi M. Bulemo
Preparation And Characterization Of Microporous Cellulose Membranes As Potential Pathogen Filters, Peresi M. Bulemo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Growth and development in the textile and fashion industry have resulted in the generation of large amounts of industrial pre consumer textile wastes. It is estimated that 10 to 20% of textile fabrics are wasted during garment manufacturing, with most of the wastes being burned or landfilled. Reusing pre-consumer fabric wastes is therefore considered a viable approach to alleviate environmental impacts associated with their disposal. To achieve a higher porosity membrane, pre-consumer cotton fabrics were partially dissolved in a solution of dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) and lithium chloride (LiCl), and the resulting fibre suspension was utilized to prepare a microporous cellulose …
Cellulose-Keratin Supramolecular Composite: Conformation By Combined Fourier Transform Spectroscopy And Partial Least Square Regression Coefficient, Ngesa Ezekiel Mushi Dr
Cellulose-Keratin Supramolecular Composite: Conformation By Combined Fourier Transform Spectroscopy And Partial Least Square Regression Coefficient, Ngesa Ezekiel Mushi Dr
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Keratin and cellulose are important nano components with excellent mechanical and biological properties. However, the preparation route through dissolution in organic solvents to make manmade materials is challenging because of their intensive bonding interaction characteristics. Structural modification of the natural attributes is difficult to maintain after polymer regeneration. A new technique by a green route was devised to dissolve keratin from wool, hair, and feather with cellulose in situ using 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIm] + Cl- ionic liquid as a solvent. The mixture of keratin and cellulose homogeneously and synergistically resulted in a supramolecular composite film through non-derivatized mechanochemical interactions. The …
Comparison Of On-Line Partial Discharge Detection Techniques For High Voltage Power Cable Joints And Terminations, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Comparison Of On-Line Partial Discharge Detection Techniques For High Voltage Power Cable Joints And Terminations, Aviti Thadei Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Cable joints and terminations play a vital role in providing dependable electrical connection, mechanical support and physical safeguard. These provide electrical stress control to shielded power cables. Despite their usefulness, they suffer from partial discharges (PD) because of enhanced voltage stress, moisture ingress and poor workmanship (during installation). Therefore, it is necessary to undertake on-line PD detection to determine their state. Some of these techniques are capacitive coupler (CC); acoustic emission (AE); and high frequency current transducer (HFCT). This article presents a literature review of these techniques based on the cost, availability, and applicability. The comparative analysis is also provided …
Analysis Of Ore Hand-Crushed Size Distribution For Grinding Process In The Artisanal And Small-Scale Gold Mines Production: A Case Study Of Nholi Mine, Bahi District, Malugu Tembo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
(ASGM) employed numbers of people compared to large-scale mines. The ASGM has been played a crucial role in poverty alleviation and rural development, particularly in developing countries. The mined ore is crushed and ground for beneficiation of gold. The grinding process involved the size reduction of blasted materials to acquire minerals of interest. This paper presents the size distribution of hand-crushed for blasted materials using sieve analysis and digital image processing. The sieve test results for hand-crushed blasted material of three muck-piles were ranged between 17 mm and 36 mm that is equivalent to 20% and 80% passings respectively, with …
Synthesis, Characterisation And Catalytic Evaluation Of Castor Oil-Templated Mesoporous Sulfated Solid Acid Catalysts For Esterification Reaction, Steven Nyandoro Pr
Synthesis, Characterisation And Catalytic Evaluation Of Castor Oil-Templated Mesoporous Sulfated Solid Acid Catalysts For Esterification Reaction, Steven Nyandoro Pr
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
In bio-refinery and other catalytic reactions, heterogeneous catalysts confer advantage over homogenous catalysts due to minimized recovery and separation costs. However, templating surfactant and solid support for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts ought to consider their cheap sources and environmentally friendliness for their sustainable use. Thus, with the vision to make the process significantly benign, in the present work, solid acids were synthesised from renewable sources (castor oil as surfactant and rice husk as the source of silica). The synthesised castor oil-templated mesoporous sulfonic acid modified catalysts (SO3H-MTS and SO3H-MT-RHS) were characterised and evaluated for catalytic esterification of acetic acid …
Optimization Of Pulsed Laser Deposition Parameters For Single Crystalline (011) Oriented Tetragonal Pzt Thin Films, Mahamudu H. Mtebwa
Optimization Of Pulsed Laser Deposition Parameters For Single Crystalline (011) Oriented Tetragonal Pzt Thin Films, Mahamudu H. Mtebwa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Recent advances in nanotechnology applications require the processing of high-quality thin films. A systematic study of the optimization of Pulsed deposition parameters for (110) oriented tetragonal PZT thin films is reported in this work. Prior to film deposition, a highly tetragonal Pb(Zr0.5, Ti0.95) or PZT 05/95 was selected to be deposited on (110) oriented Strontium titanate, SrTiO3 substrate, STO(110) to insure small compressive misfit strain. Unlike SRO, the LSOM bottom electrode was then successfully grown at 620 °C, 1.0 J/cm2 and a target-substrate distance of 3.9 cm. Finally, deposition parameters of PZT were progressively optimized through monitoring film morphological changes. …
Properties Of (Cd, Zn)S Films Deposited By Dc Co-Sputtering, Lwitiko P. Mwakyusa
Properties Of (Cd, Zn)S Films Deposited By Dc Co-Sputtering, Lwitiko P. Mwakyusa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
CdS thin film is commonly used as a buffer layer in most thin film solar cells. However, the buffer layer with less absorption in the visible region of the solar spectrum as well as that which provides perfect lattice matching with the absorbers is required. The incorporation of Zn in the CdS films can affect the structural and optical properties of the buffer layer. In this work, films of CdS and (Cd,Zn)S films were deposited by DC sputtering utilizing CdS and Zn targets. The concentration of Zn in the CdS was varied by changing the sputtering power of the Zn …
Review Of The Imaging Performance And The Current Status Of The Cascade Gamma-Rays Coincidence Imagers, Leonid L. Nkuba Dr.
Review Of The Imaging Performance And The Current Status Of The Cascade Gamma-Rays Coincidence Imagers, Leonid L. Nkuba Dr.
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Various studies that have investigated the detection of gamma coincidence events have revealed that design factors and image reconstruction approaches dictate the spatial resolution, coincidence efficiency, and levels of statistical noise of the detection system. In the case of imaging, cascade gamma-ray coincidence (CGC) imagers coupled with collimated detectors offer promising values for both spatial resolution and coincidence efficiency. However, to date, no CGC imager with single or multiple collimated detectors has reported a performance level beyond 6.7 mm spatial resolution (FWHM) and 6.0 × 10-6 coincidence efficiency. Given the recent developments and the current interests in high resolution and …
Real-Time Data Analytics For Monitoring Electricity Consumption Using Iot Technology, Waheed Muhammad Sanya, Gaurav Bajpai, Omar Haji Kombo, Evariste Twahirwa
Real-Time Data Analytics For Monitoring Electricity Consumption Using Iot Technology, Waheed Muhammad Sanya, Gaurav Bajpai, Omar Haji Kombo, Evariste Twahirwa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Rising electricity bills as a result of climate variability and new home electrical and electronic appliances are becoming a major source of concern for most end users. Consumers are typically unaware of their household electricity consumption patterns and the costs associated with them, making proper planning and budgeting difficult. Monitoring and controlling energy consumption on appliances can reduce energy costs for end-users. The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to provide remote monitoring and control of devices via automated monitoring and control. In this study, we propose an IoT-enabled system for monitoring and controlling energy consumption in homes to …
The Potentials Of Faecal Sludge Treatment Using Local Conditioners In Tanzania: A Review, Doglas Benjamin1
The Potentials Of Faecal Sludge Treatment Using Local Conditioners In Tanzania: A Review, Doglas Benjamin1
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Worldwide, every day human beings generate millions of tons of Faecal Sludge (FS), which is rich in water, nutrients, energy, and organic compounds. Yet FS is not being managed in a way that permits us to derive value from its reuse, while at the same time, millions of farmers struggle with depleted soils and lack of water. In most of the developing countries, energy for cooking is mainly derived from cutting of trees, either as wood or charcoal. Resource recovery and reuse from FS can create livelihoods, enhance food security, support green economies, reduce waste and contribute to cost recovery …
The Effect Of Service Installations On Structural Integrity Of Slabs In Buildings, Ladislaus Lwambuka
The Effect Of Service Installations On Structural Integrity Of Slabs In Buildings, Ladislaus Lwambuka
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
In building construction industry service installations, usually housed in conduit pipes, are commonly mounted inside reinforced concrete structural elements. This practice is adopted to attain aesthetical outlook at both interior and exterior surfaces of the buildings. Depending on the extent of service installations, the cross sectional area of the load bearing structural member is substantially reduced. However, the current structural design guidelines have no provision to accommodate the extent to which the existence of conduit pipes impairs the load bearing capacity of the structural element though reduced cross sectional area. This study has attempted to address this gap in structural …
Comparison Of The Properties Of Portland Cement And Portland-Limestone Cement, Alex Lyatonga Mrema
Comparison Of The Properties Of Portland Cement And Portland-Limestone Cement, Alex Lyatonga Mrema
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A study was made in a cement factory in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, where Ordinary Portland Cement (CEM I 42.5N) and Portland-limestone cement (PLC) which has the brand name Twiga Cement Extra (CEM II/A-L/32.5R) are produced and conforming to the Tanzania Standard TZS 727 (Part1): 2002, which is equivalent to EN 197 published by the committee for European normalization (CEN). A comparison was made between the two types of cements in terms of physical, chemical and mechanical properties. It was found out that they all complied with the standards, that there was no significant difference in their setting times and …
Socio-Economic Impacts Of Computer Viruses In Tanzania, M Victor
Socio-Economic Impacts Of Computer Viruses In Tanzania, M Victor
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This paper reports on a research project conducted with an objective of identifying and assessing various approaches used by different computer users (Management, System Administrators and end users) in Tanzania to combat computer viruses (CVs), and to assess users' awareness level on CVs. Specifically, the study aimed at assessing the awareness level on CVs to the Tanzanian business community; analyze the socio -economic impact caused by CVs in Tanzania and; assess existing methods, capacity and limitations on controlling CVs in Tanzania. Data was collected using both questionnaires and interview from financial institutions such as NBC and BOT, and telecommunications sector …
Review Of The Product Development Process And Information Flow In The Manufacturing Industry: Problems And A Possible Wav Forward, E Opiyo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
No abstract provided.
Application Of Vibrational Techniques In Determination Of Dynamic Properties Of Agricultural Products-State Of The Arton Of Vibrational Techniques In Determination Of Dynamic Properties Of Agricultural Products-State Of The Art, Silas Kajuna
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Vibration is one of the techniques employed in the determination of dynamic properties of fruits and vegetables. It entails generation of a mechanical or acoustic vibrational signal which is propagated through the flesh of the agricultural material. A transducer is either attached or held close to the specimen to monitor the propagation of the signal through the specimen. The manner in which the signal is transmitted through the material is analyzed, and the dynamic properties of the specimen which relate to its firmness or its internal being are derived. The technique has been around for the past 30 years or …
Numerical Investigation Of A Non-Newtonian Material Through A Sudden Pipe Expansion, V. G. Masanja
Numerical Investigation Of A Non-Newtonian Material Through A Sudden Pipe Expansion, V. G. Masanja
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A numerical method for solving two dimensional elliptic boundary-value problems of fourth order is used for finding stationary solutions of the equations of motion for a laminar flow through a sudden pipe expansion of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid with a constitutive equation of the Reiner-Rivlin (R-R) type. Results for the Newtonian fluid, which is a special case, are in excellent agreement with those by previous investigators and they demonstrate the reliability, superiority and accuracy of the method. Results for the non-Newtonian cases could be of value for fixing ideas about visco-elastic behaviour although the R-R fluid allows only inelasticity: this …