Geological Engineering Commons^™

Source Attribution And Interannual Variability Of Arctic Pollution In Spring Constrained By Aircraft (Arctas, Arcpac) And Satellite (Airs) Observations Of Carbon Monoxide, J. A. Fisher, D. J. Jacob, M. T. Purdy, M. Kopacz, P. Le Sager, Shiliang Wu, Et. Al.

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003–2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month−1 for Asian anthropogenic, 9.4 for European anthropogenic, 4.1 for North American anthropogenic, 15 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 23 for Southeast Asian biomass burning. …

Testing Of Interactions Between Coal Ash Leachates And Rock Materials For Mine Backfill Evaluations, Colin R. Ward, David French, Leanne Stephenson, Ken Riley, Zhongsheng Li

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

A series of laboratory-based leaching tests has been developed to evaluate the chemical interaction between ash, water and different mine-site rock materials, as a basis for assessing the potential environmental impact of using coal ash as backfill in coal mines. Two different test protocols were used: a two-stage serial batch testing program in which leachate from representative ash samples were allowed to interact separately with relevant rock materials under laboratory conditions, and a single-stage mixed batch testing program in which 50:50 mixtures of the same ashes and rock samples were extracted with water following a similar procedure to leaching tests …

Chemistry Of Coal And Coal Combustion Products From Kentucky Power Plants: Results From The 2007 Sampling, With Emphasis On Selenium, James C. Hower, Thomas L. Robl, Gerald A. Thomas, Shelley D. Hopps, Margaret Grider

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

Kentucky produced over 8 Mt of coal combustion products (CCPs) in 2006, with 30% of the CCPs being utilized, a significant increase from our 1996 and 2001 surveys. As much of the increase is related to increased utilization of flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, the increased production of FGD gypsum coincident with the commissioning of new FGD units and the saturation of the (currently) weak market for new construction, the percentage of utilization may decrease by the time of the next planned survey (2011). The concentration of volatile trace elements in the feed coal and in the pulverizer reject, while associated …

An Investigation Of The Behavior Of Raw Calcareous Fly Ash In Mortar Mixtures, Ioanna Papayianni, Eleftherios K. Anastasiou

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

The behavior of unprocessed calcareous fly ash in cement mortar mixtures is often questionable and unpredictable and that is one of the difficulties in confining these fly ashes within the limits of standards. This work aims at correlating the material characteristics with its behavior in mortar mixtures. An effort is made to understand how three of the reactive constituents; lime (CaO), silica (SiO2), and sulfates (SO3), affect strength and volume stability. Two raw calcareous fly ashes of different composition emanating from the Ptolemaida area, Greece, were systematically tested to define their profile as cementitious agents that could be incorporated in …

Coal Fired Power Station Ash Products And Eu Regulation, Lindon K.A. Sear

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

The UK has a long history of the use of coal fired power station ash products in a range of applications in construction. These range from use in concrete as a cementitious material through to its use as a fill material in embankments. While there have been no environmental problems associated with these uses, environmental regulations emanating from the European Union (EU) are increasingly impacting on the use of these materials. Unfortunately it is not a single set of regulations that are being applied, but three separate and apparently disconnected initiatives; these are Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH), …

Enriched Coal Ash Utilization For Augmenting Production Of Rice Under Acid Lateritic Soil, S. Karmakar, B.N. Mittra, B.C. Ghosh

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

The use of industrial wastes such as fly ash (FA) or rice husk ash (RHA), along with paper factory sludge (PFS), farmyard manure (FYM), and chemical fertilizers (CF), under integrated nutrient management, was studied in acid lateritic soil on rice. Application of combined fertilization sources increased growth, yield attributes, and yield (up to 92.3 and 9.7% over control and CF, respectively) of wet season rice. The uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Co was increased under combined fertilization sources. The study also indicated that such integrated plant nutrition system improved physico-chemical properties of soil …

Erosive Wear In Pipelines At Pneumatic Conveying Of Fine Silicon-Containing Materials, Viacheslav Y. Putilov, Vijay K. Agarwal, Irina V. Putilova

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

Erosive wear is a major operational problem in conveying of hard abrasive bulk materials like silica sand, fly ash, coal dust, etc., in pneumatic conveying systems. Erosion results in emergency downtime of pneumatic conveying installations of ash and slag removal and dust-preparation systems at TPPs caused by holes in pipelines. That leads to worsening of technical, economic, and ecological parameters of thermal power plants as a whole. In MPEI, a model of estimating erosion of rectilinear and curvilinear sections of pneumatic conveying pipelines has been developed. To validate the estimating model developed in the MPEI, experimental investigations in the Indian …

Evaluation Of The Variables That Influence Mercury Capture In Solid Sorbents, M. Antonia Lopez-Anton, Patricia Abad-Valle, Mercedes Diaz-Somoano, M. Rosa Martinez-Tarazona

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

Newly obtained results on mercury retention in fly ashes and activated carbons during coal combustion are compared with previous findings. The influence of different variables on mercury capture, including the composition and nature of the sorbents, the composition of the flue gas and the mercury species in gas phase is investigated. Coal-fired utility boilers are currently the largest single-known source of mercury emissions. According to the USEPA’s Information Collection Request (ICR), on average, only 40% of the mercury entering a coal-fired power plant is captured, while 60% is emitted into the atmosphere. Several solid materials, including activated carbons, are considered …

Mechanical Performance Of Pavement Geomaterials Stabilized With Fly Ash In Field Applications, Lin Li, Tuncer B. Edil, Craig H. Benson

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

This paper describes an evaluation of the mechanical performance of fly ash stabilized materials. Soft clay soil, asphaltic recycled pavement material (RPM), and road-surface gravel (RSG) were stabilized using Class C and off-specification fly ashes to create working platforms or stabilized base courses for construction of flexible and rigid pavements at six sites in Wisconsin and Minnesota. California bearing ratio (CBR), resilient modulus (Mr) tests, and unconfined compression (qu) tests were conducted on the subgrade soil, RPM, and RSG alone and on mixtures prepared in the field and the laboratory to evaluate improvements in bearing resistance and stiffness. Fly ash …

Manufactured Coal Ash Aggregates For Aqueous Tnt Sorption, Sangchul Hwang, Victor Hernandez

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

No abstract provided.

Mineralogy And Leaching Characteristics Of Coal Ash From A Major Brazilian Power Plant, Luis F.O. Silva, Colin R. Ward, James C. Hower, Maria Izquierdo, Frans Waanders, Marcos L.S. Oliveira, Zhongsheng Li, Rachel S. Hatch, Xavier Querol

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

The feed coals, fly ashes and bottom ashes collected from seven different units in a major Brazilian PF power plant have been subjected to comprehensive mineralogical, geochemical, and petrographic studies, to investigate the links between feed coal and ash characteristics. Ashes from two of the units were collected while the coal was being co-fired with oil as part of the boiler start-up procedure, allowing the impact of oil co-firing on ash characteristics also to be evaluated. High proportions of unburnt carbon and high proportions of retained sulphur were found in the fly ashes produced during oil co-firing, probably reflecting less …

Precipitation Of Germanium From Coal Fly Ash Leachates, Fatima Arroyo, Constantino Fernandez-Pereira, Pilar Coca

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

The valorization of a coal gasification fly ash was studied by leaching the fly ash using different aqueous solutions followed by the subsequent precipitation of the germanium solubilized from the ash. Experimental investigations were focused on the precipitation of a germanium2catechol (CAT) complex with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The influences of pH and amounts of CTAB and CAT on the precipitation yield were investigated. To this aim, a central composite rotatable design and ANOVA Design Expert 7.0.3 Wiley software were employed for experimental design and analysis of the results. Thus, the independent and combined effects of pH, CAT/Ge and …

The Effect Of Drag-Reducing Additives On The Rheological Properties Of Fly Ash-Water Suspensions At Varying Temperature Environment, H.K. Naik, M.K. Mishra, Rao Karanam U.M.

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

Fly ash transportation and disposal is a major problem in India. Presently fly ash is being transported as lean slurry in pipe lines requiring about 80 to 85% of water which, in turn, consumes more energy input. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the rheological characteristics of fly ash slurry at varying temperatures with and without an additive to facilitate smooth flow in the pipelines. Six fly ash slurry samples were prepared from the fly ash obtained from a thermal power plant situated in the southern part of India. The main constituents of the slurry were fly …

Waste Stabilization/Solidification (S/S) Of Eaf Dust Using Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers. Influence Of Carbonation On The Stabilized Solids, Y. Luna Galiano, C. Fernandez Pereira, J. Vale

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

The effect of the curing in a carbonated ambient of the solids obtained after the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of metallurgical waste using geopolymerization technology is described in this paper. The electric arc furnace (EAF) dust to stabilize contains hazardous metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, or Zn. Different geopolymeric agents such as potassium hydroxide, potassium silicate, metakaolin, and blast furnace slag have been used. Mixtures of EAF waste with these geopolymeric materials and class F fly ash as main silica and alumina source have been processed. Samples were submitted to an accelerated carbonation test. Compressive strength tests and different leaching tests …

Variations In Fly Ash Composition With Sampling Location: Case Study From A Portuguese Power Plant, B. Valentim, A. Guedes, D. Flores, C.R. Ward, J.C. Hower

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

Fly ash (FA) is a heterogeneous and complex material resulting from coal combustion in thermoelectric power plants (TPP). Therefore, different types of coals, worldwide, produce FAs with different compositions. However, the location of the FA sampling system, inside the TPP, is also important to the composition of the FA produced at each location. A case study of FA from a Portuguese TPP, using several coal and FA characterization techniques (particle size analysis, proximate and ultimate analyses, XRF, SEM/ESEM/EDS, Optical microscopy, XRD, inferred chemistry, and AAS), has shown that FA chemical classification, mineralogy and phase-mineral classification, and trace elements (Cr, Cu, …

Zeolite Synthesised From Fused Coal Fly Ash At Low Temperature Using Seawater For Crystallization, Claudia Belviso, Francesco Cavalcante, Antonio Lettino, Saverio Fiore

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

A sample of coal fly ash from an Italian thermoelectric power plant was used in order to synthesize zeolite by hydrothermal activation after a pre-treatment fusion with NaOH. The experiments involved were performed at different temperatures of crystallization, ranging from 35 up to 60uC, with seawater and distilled water, separately, during hydrothermal process. A comparison between the results obtained from the use of the different kinds of water showed that at low temperature (35–40 uC) the synthesis yield of zeolite X is higher using seawater as crystallizing agent than using distilled water. This implies a possible application for seawater in …

Inversion Of 2d And 3d Dc Resistivity Imaging Data Forhigh Contrast Geophysical Regions Using Artificial Neuralnetworks., Ahmad Neyamadpour

Student Works (2010-2019)

In electrical resistivity imaging surveys, the field data along a profile are normally acquired as a subsurface distribution of apparent resistivity. One common method to obtain the true resistivity distribution is by inverting the apparent resistivity values. However, the inversion of DC resistivity imaging data is complex due to its non-linearity. This is especially true for regions with high resistivity contrast. For the complicated subsurface structure, especially when regions of high resistivity contrast exist, a conventional inversion technique based on least squares methods may not be able to invert the DC resistivity data with adequate accuracy. Therefore, in this study, …

Performance Evaluation Of Energy Efficient Lighting Associated With Renewable Energy Applications, Allison Nicole Sperber

Masters Theses

"The present study demonstrated lighting loads as an energy end use associated with renewable energy system applications. Incorporating an energy efficient end use within a renewable energy system can be especially beneficial regarding size and portability. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an energy efficient alternative to traditional outdoor lighting, which is currently dominated by high intensity discharge source lamps. LEDs provide the ability to mitigate the negative impacts of diesel consumption when a diesel generator is used independently or as a backup for renewable energy applications in remote localities. In-field data was collected of traditional metal halide lamps and two comparable …

Characterization Of Geotechnical Variability Based Upon Sampling Frequency Using Monte Carlo Simulation: A Study Of The Kcicon Project, Kerry Allen Magner

Masters Theses

"The geotechnical variability of individual homogeneous isotropic soil units is of interest during the process of determination of adequate geotechnical design parameters for almost all construction projects. In this study, an attempt is made to quantify the effects of sampling frequency (sample size) on the mean, variance, and coefficient of variation of individual geomechanical parameters within a distinct soil type.

In-situ geotechnical sampling data and laboratory testing data from the kcICON project was provided by Terracon Consultants, Inc. (Terracon) of Lenexa, Kansas for analysis within this research project. This soil sampling and laboratory testing was performed by Terracon as part …

Field Analysis Of Photovoltaic Ultracapacitor Energy Storage System, Jenna Vujic

Masters Theses

"In the field of innovative power sources, photovoltaics are playing an important role as a clean energy source. Because performance is dependent on instantaneous weather conditions, all stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems require an energy storage device. Batteries are not suitable for PV source applications due to depth of discharge restrictions, maintenance requirements and minimal power density availability. However, ultracapacitors (UCAPs) have a high power density, require little maintenance, and can be used in sequence with a dc-dc converter to maintain power output at an increased depth of discharge. This paper describes a PV-UCAP power system used to collect and compare …

Scaled Experimental Study On Excavation Of Lunar Regolith With Rakes/Rippers And Flat Blade, Masafumi Iai

Doctoral Dissertations

"As humanity's activities expand to the Moon, Mars, and other extra-terrestrial bodies, it will be necessary to use local resources rather than bringing everything from the Earth. This concept is called In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), which starts with excavation and earthmoving. The present study focuses on loosening and moving of the lunar regolith by a ripper (or rake) and a wide blade with consideration of gravel content. After characterizing the lunar regolith and two of its simulants (JSC-1A and FJS-1), the relationship between the excavation energy and different conditions, namely gravel content, relative density, and tine spacing on a rake, …

The Development And Application Of A Novel Free-Damage Fracturing Fluid (Ph<2), Jin Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yongfu Wu, Xiuqing He, Xinzhu Zhang

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

At present, water-Based fracturing fluid systems are mainly polymer (macromolecule) and visco-elastic surfactant (micro molecule). Because of polymer properties and incomplete gelout, the damage to matrices and conductivity of artificial fractures will be inevitable. the surfactant-Based fracturing fluid system is a micro-molecule system not to damage artificial fractures. However, it is difficult to eliminate the damages from rock debris moving and clay swelling information. a novel free-damage fracturing fluid system (FDFF), a cationic surfactant derived from a long chain fatty acid, has been developed and applied in Daqing oil field. FDFF can crosslink in a wide range from a strong …

Alkyl Polyglycoside/1-Naphthol Formulations With Ultra-Low Interfacial Tensions Against N-Octane For Enhanced Oil Recovery, Stefan Iglauer, Yongfu Wu, Patrick Shuler, Yongchun Tang, William Goddard

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present Alkyl polyglycoside (APG)/1-naphthol formulations which show ultra-low interfacial tensions (IFT) against n-octane. We demonstrate that 1-naphthol is very efficient as a cosolvent in terms of reducing IFT. These formulations are therefore potentially suitable as agents for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). an increasing APG concentration strongly increased viscosity, and the formulations showed shear-thinning behavior. in a core flood EOR test we showed that this type of formulation significantly increased oil production. © 2010, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers.