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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Electrical and Computer Engineering
Atomic Force Microscopy Of Dna Self-Assembled Nanostructures For Device Applications, Hieu Bui, Craig Onodera, Bernard Yurke, Elton Graugnard, Wan Kuang, Jeunghoon Lee, William B. Knowlton, William L. Hughes
Atomic Force Microscopy Of Dna Self-Assembled Nanostructures For Device Applications, Hieu Bui, Craig Onodera, Bernard Yurke, Elton Graugnard, Wan Kuang, Jeunghoon Lee, William B. Knowlton, William L. Hughes
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
DNA nanotechnology, which relies on Watson-Crick hybridization, is a versatile selfassembly process whereby a variety of complex nanostructures can be fabricated with sublithographic features.[1] Adopting this technology, 1012 identical devices can be synthesized to have hundreds of components with 1nm resolution. Example nanostructures include: 1) DNA motifs [2], 2) two-dimensional DNA crystals [3], and DNA origami [4]. Currently, this technology is being adopted towards electronic, optical, and opto-electronic devices.[5]
New Metric Describes Edge Noise In Bilevel Images, Elisa H. Barney Smith
New Metric Describes Edge Noise In Bilevel Images, Elisa H. Barney Smith
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
A new approach enables quantitative and qualitative characterization of varying edge noise even if the additive noise level is constant.
Evolution Of Chemical Structure During Silver Photodiffusion Into Chalcogenide Glass Thin Films, A. Kovalskiy, H. Jain, Maria Mitkova
Evolution Of Chemical Structure During Silver Photodiffusion Into Chalcogenide Glass Thin Films, A. Kovalskiy, H. Jain, Maria Mitkova
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
The change of chemical structure resulting after X–ray and photo-induced silver diffusion into chalcogenide glass (ChG) thin films is monitored by high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As40S60 and Ge30Se70 thin films, which are based on pyramids and tetrahedral structural units, are investigated as model materials. Survey, core level (As 3d, S 2p, Ge 3d, Ge 2p, Se 3d, Ag 3d5/2, O 1s, C 1s) and valence band spectra have been recorded and analyzed. Reference point for the …
A K-Delta-1-Sigma Modulator For Wideband Analog To Digital Conversion, Vishal Saxena, Kaijun Li, Geng Zheng, R. Jacob Baker
A K-Delta-1-Sigma Modulator For Wideband Analog To Digital Conversion, Vishal Saxena, Kaijun Li, Geng Zheng, R. Jacob Baker
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
As CMOS technology shrinks, the transistor speed K-quantizing paths and can achieve significantly higher conversion bandwidths when compared to the traditional deltasigma ADCs. The 8-path KD1S modulator achieves an SNR of 58 dB (or 9.4-bits resolution) when clocked at 100 MHz for a conversion bandwidth of 6.25 MHz and an effective sampling rate equal to 800 MHz. The KD1S modulator has been fabricated in a 500 nm CMOS process and the experimental results are reported. Deficiencies in the first test chip performance are discussed along with their alleviation to achieve theoretical performance.
Compact Optical Curvature Sensor With A Flexible Microdisk Laser On A Polymer Substrate, Wan Kuang, M. H. Shih, K. S. Hsu, Y. C. Yang, Y. C. Wang, S. K. Tsai, Y. C. Liu, Z. C. Chang, M. C. Wu
Compact Optical Curvature Sensor With A Flexible Microdisk Laser On A Polymer Substrate, Wan Kuang, M. H. Shih, K. S. Hsu, Y. C. Yang, Y. C. Wang, S. K. Tsai, Y. C. Liu, Z. C. Chang, M. C. Wu
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this paper, a chip-scale compact optical curvature sensor was demonstrated. It consists of a low threshold InGaAsP microdisk laser on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane polymer substrate. The curvature dependence of lasing wavelength was characterized by bending the cavity at different bending radii. The measurements showed that the lasing wavelength decreases monotonously with an increasing bending curvature. A good agreement between experiment and three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation was also obtained. The sensitivity of the compact device to the bending curvature is -23.7 nm/mm form the experiment.
Indirect Compensation Techniques For Three-Stage Cmos Op-Amps, Vishal Saxena, R. Jacob Baker
Indirect Compensation Techniques For Three-Stage Cmos Op-Amps, Vishal Saxena, R. Jacob Baker
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
As CMOS technology continues to evolve, the supply voltages are decreasing while at the same time the transistor threshold voltages are remaining relatively constant. Making matters worse, the inherent gain available from the nano-CMOS transistors is dropping. Traditional techniques for achieving high-gain by vertically stacking (i.e. cascoding) transistors becomes less useful in nano-scale CMOS processes. Horizontal cascading (multi-stage) must be used in order to realize high-gain op-amps in low supply voltage processes. This paper discusses new design techniques for the realization of three-stage op-amps. The proposed and experimentally verified op-amps, fabricated in 500 nm CMOS, typically exhibit 30 MHz unity-gain …
Chip-Scale Nanophotonic Chemical And Biological Sensors Using Cmos Process, Lincoln Bollschweiler, Alex English, R. Jacob Baker, Wan Kuang, Zi-Chang Chang, Ming-Hsiung Shih, William Knowlton
Chip-Scale Nanophotonic Chemical And Biological Sensors Using Cmos Process, Lincoln Bollschweiler, Alex English, R. Jacob Baker, Wan Kuang, Zi-Chang Chang, Ming-Hsiung Shih, William Knowlton
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
A monolithic integrated chip-scale surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is demonstrated. The device consists of a pn photodiode covered with a periodic modified thin metal film whose lattice constant is on the order of the wavelength of light. The device performs real-time measurement of resonant wavelengths of enhanced optical transmission due to surface plasmon resonance, which are influenced by the presence of chemical or biological materials at the device’s surface.
On-Chip Intrinsic Evolution Methodology For Sequential Logic Circuit Design, Fan Xiong, Nader Rafla
On-Chip Intrinsic Evolution Methodology For Sequential Logic Circuit Design, Fan Xiong, Nader Rafla
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper focuses on the application of Virtual Reconfigurable Circuit (VRC) design methodology and intrinsic evolution for the design of small sequential circuits and their implementation on a single programmable chip with an embedded hardcore processor. The evolutionary algorithm is developed in software that runs on the embedded processor. Fitness function is calculated using hardware architecture and is used to guide the evolution process. This new method is applied to the development of a 3-bit sequence detector and the evolved architecture is implemented on a Xilinx™ Virtex-II pro device. Simulations were run on the evolved architecture and on the same …
Camera-Based Ballot Counter, George Nagy, Bryan Clifford, Andrew Berg, Glenn Saunders, Dan Lopresti, Elisa Barney Smith
Camera-Based Ballot Counter, George Nagy, Bryan Clifford, Andrew Berg, Glenn Saunders, Dan Lopresti, Elisa Barney Smith
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Portable ballot counters using camera technology and manual paper feed are potentially more reliable and less expensive than scanner based systems. We show that the spatial sampling rate, geometric linearity, point spread function, and photometric transfer function of off-the-shelf consumer cameras are acceptable for ballot imaging. However, scanner illumination is much more uniform than can be economically accomplished for variable size ballots. Therefore flat-field compensation must be designed into the image processing software. We illustrate the mechanical design of a prototype camera based ballot reader based on our comparative observations.
Style-Based Ballot Mark Recognition, Pingping Xiu, Daniel Lopresti, Henry Baird, George Nagy, Elisa Barney Smith
Style-Based Ballot Mark Recognition, Pingping Xiu, Daniel Lopresti, Henry Baird, George Nagy, Elisa Barney Smith
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
The push toward voting via hand-marked paper ballots has focused attention on the limitations of current optical scan systems. Discrepancies between human and machine interpretations of ballot markings can lead to a loss of trust in the election process. In this paper, a style-based approach to ballot recognition is proposed in which marks are recognized collectively rather than in isolation. The consistency of a voter’s style is leveraged to improve the overall accuracy of the system. We compare style-based recognition to various kinds of singlet classifiers and show that it outperforms them by a substantial margin
Rna Search With Decision Trees And Partial Covariance Models, Jennifer A. Smith
Rna Search With Decision Trees And Partial Covariance Models, Jennifer A. Smith
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
The use of partial covariance models to search for RNA family members in genomic sequence databases is explored. The partial models are formed from contiguous subranges of the overall RNA family multiple alignment columns. A binary decision-tree framework is presented for choosing the order to apply the partial models and the score thresholds on which to make the decisions. The decision trees are chosen to minimize computation time subject to the constraint that all of the training sequences are passed to the full covariance model for final evaluation. Computational intelligence methods are suggested to select the decision tree since the …
A Wireless Sensor Data Fusion Framework For Contaminant Detection, Joshua Kiepert, Sin Ming Loo
A Wireless Sensor Data Fusion Framework For Contaminant Detection, Joshua Kiepert, Sin Ming Loo
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
In recent years, much research has been done on wireless sensor networks and sensor data fusion, however there has been limited work regarding implementation of real systems that are capable of providing a highly connected sensor network for data logging and data fusion applications. This paper describes the design and implementation of a wireless, portable, and reconfigurable sensor network framework. This sensor node design has proven to be effective for monitoring environmental conditions of aircraft cabins and is well suited to environmental monitoring and detection of contaminants in large areas when utilizing sensor data fusion features.
Dc-Ac Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Boost Inverter With No Inductors For Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications, Zhong Du, Burak Ozpineci, Leon M. Tolbert, John N. Chiasson
Dc-Ac Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Boost Inverter With No Inductors For Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications, Zhong Du, Burak Ozpineci, Leon M. Tolbert, John N. Chiasson
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter for electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid EV (HEV) applications implemented without the use of inductors. Currently available power inverter systems for HEVs use a dc–dc boost converter to boost the battery voltage for a traditional three-phase inverter. The present HEV traction drive inverters have low power density, are expensive, and have low efficiency because they need a bulky inductor. A cascaded H-bridge multilevel boost inverter design for EV and HEV applications implemented without the use of inductors is proposed in this paper. Traditionally, each H-bridge needs a dc power supply. The …
The Dsp Of Money, Thad B. Welch, Cameron H. G. Wright, Michael G. Morrow
The Dsp Of Money, Thad B. Welch, Cameron H. G. Wright, Michael G. Morrow
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper discusses a simple framework that can be used to connect a significant number of the tools and techniques developed in a first course in either discrete-time signals and systems or digital signal processing. While this framework is not revolutionary, it allows for the rapid placement of new material into the course’s context. Additionally, a simple model of an unstable financial system allows for a rapid introduction and overview of the course while observably increasing student interest and motivation. In these challenging economic times, it is somewhat reassuring to know that some unstable financial accounts are actually a good …
Mark Detection From Scanned Ballots, Elisa H. Barney Smith, George Nagy, Daniel Lopresti
Mark Detection From Scanned Ballots, Elisa H. Barney Smith, George Nagy, Daniel Lopresti
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Analyzing paper-based election ballots requires finding all marks added to the base ballot. The position, size, shape, rotation and shade of these marks are not known a priori. Scanned ballot images have additional differences from the base ballot due to scanner noise. Different image processing techniques are evaluated to see under what conditions they are able to detect what sorts of marks. Basing mark detection on the difference of raw images was found to be much more sensitive to the mark darkness. Converting the raw images to foreground and background and then removing the form produced better results.
Incits W1.1 Standards For Perceptual Evaluation Of Text And Line Quality, Edul N. Dalal, Elisa H. Barney Smith, Frans Gaykema, Allan Haley, Kerry Kirk, Don Kozak, Mark Robb, Tim Qian, Ming-Kai Tse
Incits W1.1 Standards For Perceptual Evaluation Of Text And Line Quality, Edul N. Dalal, Elisa H. Barney Smith, Frans Gaykema, Allan Haley, Kerry Kirk, Don Kozak, Mark Robb, Tim Qian, Ming-Kai Tse
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
INCITS W1.1 is a project chartered to develop an appearance-based image quality standard. This paper summarizes the work to date of the W1.1 Text and Line Quality ad hoc team, and describes the progress made in developing a Text Quality test pattern and an analysis procedure based on experience with previous perceptual rating experiments.
Lyapunov Stability Of An Open-Loop Induction Machine, Ahmed Oteafy, John Chiasson
Lyapunov Stability Of An Open-Loop Induction Machine, Ahmed Oteafy, John Chiasson
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
The induction machine is widely utilized in the industry and exists in a plethora of applications. Although it is characterized by its inherent stability over a wide range of operating conditions, this characterization is based on steadystate arguments. This work develops a rigorous approach to the open-loop stability of the induction machine. In particular, a condition for the global asymptotic stability of the induction machine in the sense of Lyapunov is presented. These conditions are met if the machine is lightly loaded. Hence, meeting these conditions guarantees that the motor will reach (or return to) the desired equilibrium point regardless …
High Dynamic Performance Programmed Pwm Control Of A Multilevel Inverter With Capacitor Dc Sources, John Chiasson, Zhong Du, Burak Özpineci, Leon M. Tolbert
High Dynamic Performance Programmed Pwm Control Of A Multilevel Inverter With Capacitor Dc Sources, John Chiasson, Zhong Du, Burak Özpineci, Leon M. Tolbert
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
A cascade multilevel inverter consisting of a standard 3-leg inverter supplied by a DC source and three full H-bridges each supplied by a capacitor is considered for use as a motor drive. The capacitor H-bridges can only supply reactive voltage to the motor while the standard three leg inverter can supply both reactive and active voltage. A switching control algorithm is presented that shows this inverter topology can be used as an AC drive achieving considerable performance advantages (e.g., higher motor speed) compared to using a standard 3-leg inverter while at the same time regulating the capacitor voltages. The converter …
Edge Noise In Document Images, Craig Mcgillivary, Chris Hale, Elisa H. Barney Smith
Edge Noise In Document Images, Craig Mcgillivary, Chris Hale, Elisa H. Barney Smith
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
A degradation model that describes many image degradations produced by desktop scanning is used to study the edge noise that is present in bilevel document images. The standard deviation of the additive noise does not adequately describe the noise present after the image is converted to a bilevel image. A measure of noise called Noise Spread is developed which describes the edge noise and is a function of the scanner parameters. If phase effects are removed this Noise Spread quantity is directly proportional to the expected value of the Hamming distance between scans with and without edge noise. The Noise …
Fundamental Frequency Switching Strategies Of A Seven-Level Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter, Zhong Du, Leon M. Tolbert, Burak Ozpineci, John N. Chiasson
Fundamental Frequency Switching Strategies Of A Seven-Level Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter, Zhong Du, Leon M. Tolbert, Burak Ozpineci, John N. Chiasson
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter that can be implemented using only a single dc power source and capacitors. Standard cascaded multilevel inverters require n dc sources for 2n + 1 levels. Without requiring transformers, the scheme proposed here allows the use of a single dc power source (e.g., a battery or a fuel cell stack) with the remaining n − 1 dc sources being capacitors, which is referred to as hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (HCMLI) in this paper. It is shown that the inverter can simultaneously maintain the dc voltage level of the capacitors and …
An Affordable Software Defined Radio, Thad B. Welch, Travis Kent, Cameron H.G. Wright, Michael G. Morrow
An Affordable Software Defined Radio, Thad B. Welch, Travis Kent, Cameron H.G. Wright, Michael G. Morrow
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
This paper discusses the utilization of a relatively inexpensive wideband radio receiver in combination with a digital downconverter (DDC) based data recorder to capture and record real world radio signals. The resulting in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) data files are then imported intoMATLAB for processing. This batch processing of real world radio signals allows for a tremendous amount of classroom flexibility in the discussion of software defined radio topics.
Pre-Processing Of Degraded Printed Documents By Non-Local Means And Total Variation, Laurence Likforman-Sulem, Jérôme Darbon, Elisa Barney Smith
Pre-Processing Of Degraded Printed Documents By Non-Local Means And Total Variation, Laurence Likforman-Sulem, Jérôme Darbon, Elisa Barney Smith
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
We compare in this study two image restoration approaches for the pre-processing of printed documents: namely the Non-local Means filter and a total variation minimization approach. We apply these two ap- proaches to printed document sets from various periods, and we evaluate their effectiveness through character recognition performance using an open source OCR. Our results show that for each document set, one or both pre-processing methods improve character recog- nition accuracy over recognition without preprocessing. Higher accuracies are obtained with Non-local Means when characters have a low level of degradation since they can be restored by similar neighboring parts of …
Online Identification Of The Rotor Time Constant Of An Induction Machine, Ahmed Oteafy, John Chiasson, Marc Bodson
Online Identification Of The Rotor Time Constant Of An Induction Machine, Ahmed Oteafy, John Chiasson, Marc Bodson
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
Indirect field oriented control of an induction machine requires knowledge of the rotor time constant to estimate the rotor flux linkages. An online method is described for estimating the rotor time constant and the stator resistance both of which vary during operation of the machine due to ohmic heating. The method formulates the problem using a nonlinear least-squares criterion and is guaranteed to find the minimizing solution (parameter values) in a finite number of steps. In this work the algorithm has been implemented online in simulation with the results demonstrating its application and efficacy.