Computational Engineering Commons^™

Human Identification And Action Recognition Using Small Data And Deep Domain Adaptation, Alexander M. Glandon

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Human identification and human action recognition problems are two important research areas for real-world security and surveillance applications. In both human identification and action recognition, it is necessary to operate by collecting small datasets in the field, possibly in a short time window of observation. This dissertation studies and develops computational modeling and high-performance machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models for human identification and human action recognition using small amounts of data. These methods and computational models may be useful for different security and surveillance applications.

This dissertation on human recognition develops a ML computational model to estimate …

Computational Modeling For Automatic Superconducting Cavity Fault Prediction And Classification Using Time Series Signals, Md Monibor Rahman

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Processing multivariate time series signals collected from sensor networks is challenging because of complex temporal dependencies and non-stationarity. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) like machine learning and deep learning, it has become possible to process sensor-driven time series data more effectively than traditional statistical methods.

This dissertation aims to develop machine learning and deep learning models to address machine fault diagnosis using multivariate time series signals collected from the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab. The first goal of the proposed work is to develop deep learning–based classification models and an unsupervised fault clustering approach …

A Formal Simulation Model For Discrete Rate Simulation, Thomas J. Tracey

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Simulation is an essential tool for virtualizing systems by creating a representative model of real or hypothetical systems and observing how they change over time. Two predominant simulation paradigms include Discrete Event Simulation (DES) and Continuous Simulation, which both have their strengths and weaknesses. DES does not handle continuous state variables, while continuous simulation handles continuous state variables but encounters errors where these variables have discrete changes in their behavior. This difficulty between the two predominant simulation paradigms prompted the creation of a new simulation paradigm to cover this gap: Discrete Rate Simulation (DRS). DRS as a simulation paradigm focuses …

Testing Autonomy: Hybrid Scenario Synthesis, Benjamin E. Hargis

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Hybrid Scenario Synthesis merges static and adaptive techniques to generate interactions that rigorously assess autonomous performance under multi-factor testing. Multifactor scenarios employ multiple individual stimuli to rigorously test system responses in complex settings. Static Scenario Testing involves scripted test cases that simulate specific conditions or events. These scenarios represent typical situations an autonomous system might encounter. The benefits of static testing include early defect detection, focused review by trained experts, and efficiency. In multi-factor scenarios, however, statically defined scenario factors are not able to guarantee meaningful interactions as the presence of other factors may invalidate underlying assumptions regarding the system …

Safe And Efficient Operation Of Mobile Robots In Indoor Environments: A User-Centric Shared Control System With High-Level Navigation Capabilities, Ahmet Saglam

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Hospitalization and isolation can be a traumatic experience for immunocompromised children, especially because they are separated from their families and friends. Social robots have been proposed as a way to improve the quality of care for children hospitalized in isolation by providing alternative means of social interaction and support. Remote control of such robots in a hospital setting, particularly where safety is a major concern, can be a daunting task for young patients.

This dissertation introduces a multilevel shared control system for mobile robots, specifically companion robots in hospital-like indoor spaces. The system integrates user inputs with algorithmic semi-autonomous control …

Computational Modeling And Analysis Of Facial Expressions And Gaze For Discovery Of Candidate Behavioral Biomarkers For Children And Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Megan Anita Witherow

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Facial expression production and perception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest the potential presence of behavioral biomarkers that may stratify individuals on the spectrum into prognostic or treatment subgroups. High-speed internet and the ease of technology have enabled remote, scalable, affordable, and timely access to medical care, such as measurements of ASDrelated behaviors in familiar environments to complement clinical observation. Machine and deep learning (DL)-based analysis of video tracking (VT) of expression production and eye tracking (ET) of expression perception may aid stratification biomarker discovery for children and young adults with ASD. However, there are open challenges in 1) facial …

An Advanced Simulation Architecture For Testing Autonomous And Connected Vehicles Enabled By Virtual Reality, Defu Cui

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

With the advancement of intelligent transportation systems, autonomous driving and connected driving are seen as potential solutions to alleviate traffic congestion, enhance traffic safety, and improve efficiency. Extensive testing and validation of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and connected vehicles (CVs) including connected autonomous vehicles are crucial to ensure their safety and reliability. However, testing and validating AVs and CVs on public roads faces challenges such as high costs, inadequate support from transportation infrastructure with communication technologies, and safety concerns, among others. Simulations have become essential tools for testing autonomous driving and connected driving. As mixed traffic involves multiple domains including traffic …

Classification Of Digital Communication Signal Modulation Schemes In Multipath Environments Using Higher Order Statistics, Meena Sreekantamurthy

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Automatic identification and classification of modulation schemes in communication signals and decoding of information from the captured signals has assumed great importance recently in the wireless communication industry. Advancements in communications have introduced a large variety of modulation schemes in the transmitted signals; consequently, reliable detection of the modulation scheme in the intercepted signal has become an important issue in communications. It is the aim of this thesis to address this issue of reliable detection. Therefore, this research is focused on modeling and simulation of an automatic modulation classifier and, in particular, on the development of algorithms to use higher …

Simulation Studies Of Organic Solar Cell Structure And Morphology On The Device Efficiency, Satish Kumar Reddy Kota

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Solar cells based on organic materials offer several advantages over the traditional solar cells made with inorganic materials. These include a lower impact on nature, smaller weight, the avoidance of cleanrooms for their production, their flexibility which makes it possible to wrap or coat them on objects with varying shapes and geometries, and most significantly their ability to produce electricity in diffuse'd light which is a distinct advantage over conventional solar cells. Organic solar cells have their own disadvantage of very low efficiencies as compared to inorganic solar cells. The morphology and structure of the organic solar cells plays a …

Investigation And Comparison Of Proportional Navigation Guidance And Beam Rider Guidance, Ertac Olgun

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Air defense has an increasing importance in today's wars. To gain the advantage in air combat, pursuit interceptor aircraft, which use Air-to-Air Missiles (AAMs), have become more and more significant. However, these are not sufficient alone. The importance of Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAMs) also can not be ignored in air defense.

SAMs can use different tactical navigation guidance methods. Of these, two of the more important guidance methods are Proportional Navigation Guidance and Beam Rider Guidance, which are investigated in this thesis. To understand the idea better, a brief description and discussion of missiles are provided. Parts of the guided missiles …

Performance Analysis For Wimax Wireless Systems With Multiple Receive Antennas, Selcuk Taskin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Broadband wireless access has become the best way to meet the growing demand for fast Internet connections. WiMAX is one of the most promising broadband access technologies that allows fast deployment as well as low maintenance costs. WiMAX allows efficient use available bandwidth by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which is an efficient multi-carrier modulation technique. Diversity is a method for improving the reliability of a signal in fading environments by using two or more communication channels and is usually achieved by multiple antenna techniques.

In this thesis, receiver side diversity combining methods are studied and the performance of …

Electronic Warfare By Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Aydin Meric

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Technology continues to evolve rapidly by the day. Developments in technology should be followed closely if a country wants to become more powerful. Nowadays nobody can afford to ignore the importance of Electronic Warfare and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in military applications. Both of them play a crucial role in military operations that they can change the course of a war.

There are different kinds of Electronic Warfare methods that can be applied according to the situations and any evolving circumstances. In the beginning Electronic Warfare was used mainly for defensive purposes, but these days Electronic Warfare is used for …

Electroencephalogram Artifact Removal Using A Wavelet Neural Network, Hoang-Anh T. Nguyen

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A wavelet neural network (WNN) technique rs developed for electroencephalogram (EEG) artifact removal without electrooculographic (EOG) recordings. The algorithm combines the universal approximation characteristics of neural networks and the time/frequency property of wavelet, where the neural network was trained on a simulated dataset with known ground truths. The contribution of this thesis is two-fold. First, many EEG artifact removal algorithms, including regression based methods, require reference EOG signals, which are not always available. To remove EEG ai1ifacts, a WNN tries to learn the characteristics of the artifacts first and does not need reference EOG signals once trained. Second, WNNs are …

Simulation Of Temperature Distributions In Tissue Upon Laser Pulse Irradiation Including Water Mass Transfer, Deepthi Nagulapally

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Lasers, due to their unique characteristics, have tremendous applications in the medical field. Generally all laser applications in hie-medicine involve the propagation of laser energy through tissue. Energy is deposited giving rise to many physical, hie-chemical, and mechanical effects. Among these are dynamical changes in the local temperature distributions within the tissue. Analysis of the temperature changes requires the creation of an appropriate optical transmission and heat flow model that incorporates user specified laser parameters. Here, a numerical simulation model was developed to study both steady state and time dependent temperature distributions due to pulsed laser radiation within user specified …

The Development Of Genetic Algorithm For The Prediction Of Ship Motion From Wave Radar Data, Sumanth Tirumala Vangipuram

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Genetic Algorithms represent a model of natural process based on the Darwinian principle of evolution. Genetic algorithms are used to solve optimization problems by generating a set of possible solutions and determining which of these solutions most closely match the desired result. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) initially generates a random set of possible solutions, or populations, determines which members of the population are most desirable, and calculates better solutions by implementing genetic operations such as reproduction, cloning, and mutation. Problems where the evaluation of a solution is computationally simple enable the GA to search a vast search space. One of …

Immersive Active Learning For Virtual Laboratory Experiments, Swetha Punnandla

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A Laboratory Immersive Interactive Virtual Environment (LIIVE) for scientific experiments is developed using MAY A and Virtools. The LIIVE is used as a pre-lab practice module to familiarize the students with the equipment, procedure and parameters involved in a laboratory experiment. The system has been assessed for its effectiveness as a learning tool by administering a project and a quiz to each participant and conducting a structured observation during the actual laboratory experiment on the real equipment. The learning effect achieved by the LIIVE is compared to the learning effects obtained by the less immersive 2D virtual environment and the …

Medical Image Modeling And Processing, Ramu Pedada

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

During the last few decades of the twentieth century, medical imaging has been playing a prominent role in many fields of biomedical research and clinical practice. Image modalities such as x-rays, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance images (MRI) have all been valuable additions to the radiologist's arsenal of imaging tools. Medical images assure quality diagnosis and patient safety by gathering valuable information without invading the human body. Apart from clinical diagnosis, medical images are used as tools for education where they are used for training individuals before operating on a patient. Many medical educators tum to simulation based training …

Stochastic Calculations For Computation Of Radiation Effects And Cell Survivability Under Voltage Pulsing, Madhuri Ganapathiraju

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Statistical computations are an important tool for the analysis of stochastic phenomena and processes that are characterized by variability. Biological systems (e.g., cells, tissues etc.) are perfect examples wherein response to a given external stimulus can be varied and needs to be adequately considered. The Monte Carlo method of analysis has now been recognized as the most effective way of treating stochastic variability.

This thesis uses Monte Carlo based simulations to probe two problems that require the quantification and modeling of effects caused by energy deposition onto biological matter from external sources. One problem involves the probabilistic study of the …

Numerical Simulations Of A Nonlinear Transmission Line, Stuart Rogers

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This thesis investigates wave propagation along a nonlinear transmission line having a voltage-dependent capacitance. The telegrapher's equations that model wave propagation along such a transmission line are derived and shown to represent a nonlinear hyperbolic system of balance laws. The Lax-Friedrichs, Lax-Wendroff, and hybrid numerical schemes for obtaining approximate solutions to nonlinear hyperbolic systems of balance laws are presented, analyzed, and applied to the nonlinear telegrapher's equations. The Lax-Wendroff and hybrid schemes are invoked to numerically simulate wave propagation along a nonlinear transmission line. Simulations obtained via the hybrid scheme are used to briefly study the potential application of a …

A Weighted Modular Principal Component Analysis Approach For Face Authentication, Chandrika Tummala

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A weighted modular approach for face authentication based on the priorities of different facial regions that change with varying poses, expressions and occlusions is presented in this thesis. This helps in verifying the identity of an individual who claims to be a subject in the database and is unaware of the presence of the face authentication system. A sequence of face images is selected from a video in a particular predefined interval and is used for verification. The face images are divided into different horizontal modules based on the regions representing facial features. A principal component analysis on these modules …

Simulations Of Intracellular Calcium Release In Response To High-Intensity, Ultrashort Electric Pulse, Anh Nguyen

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Calcium modulation is an important signaling process and could even contribute to cell apoptosis through ionic-induced perturbations in trans-membrane potential at the mitochondria. In this research, the numerical study constitutes a first step in quantitatively probing the time- and spatially-dependent modulation of calcium dynamics through the application of external electrical fields. The research uses both widely accepted deterministic continuum and discrete stochastic intracellular calcium models coupling with external electric field, with a focus on high-intensity ultrashort pulse electrical field.

For deterministic continuum intracellular calcium models with electric field assisted, numerical simulations for electrically induced, intra-cellular calcium-release from the endoplasmic reticulum …

Simulation And Modeling Of Nerve Impulse Propagation And Its Blockage By External Electrical Stimulation, Nidhi Nahar

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The electric nature of biological tissues permits the transmission of signals for information and for control and is, therefore, of vital importance for life. The latest scientific achievements and nanoscale probing techniques now allow scientists to research at the subcellular level by measuring the electric current flows through a single ion channel of the cell membrane with the patch-clamp method. With the latter approach, the effects of electrical stimulation can be quantified, understood, and applied to molecular biology and the development of medical diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

In this thesis, the Hodgkin-Huxley approach for unmyelinated fibers, coupled with a transmission …

What Should Be In A Human Behavior Representation Federation Object Model For High Level Architecture, Gurkan Haznedaroglu

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Modeling and Simulation (M&S) can assist in evaluating scenarios and enhancing the performance of operational systems. Fully integrated use of MBS can enable the evaluation of the effectiveness of proposed equipment or software in realistic simulated environments and can provide an assessment of the impacts of specific equipment or capabilities on battle outcomes. Every level, from strategic planners, technology experts, operations research analysts, weapons systems designers and users, testers, maintainers, and cost analysts, has to be interactively involved to maximize the benefits of this approach. Human behavior is a very important part of the M&S process. Especially in constructive simulations, …

Modeling And Simulation Of Silicon Photonic Crystals Effect Of Oxidation And Etching, G. M. Haider Ali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Recent inventions of a silicon Raman laser and a high speed photon modulator might motivate integration of electronic and photonic active devices on the same silicon chip. Passive photonic devices in silicon such as waveguides, couplers and splitters have been developed. Photonic devices must be compatible with standard silicon CMOS fabrication processing in order to achieve the integration. Since CMOS fabrication involves a myriad of process steps, it is important to study the effect of processing on photonic devices. Oxidation and etching, two fundamental processes in silicon technology, are utilized in this thesis to model their effects on silicon photonic …

Strategies For Analysis Of Unimodal And Multimodal Data For Simulation, Anshul Rai Sharma

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The primary objective of this thesis is to provide strategies for analysis for data associated with simulation. Data analysis is an important part of the simulation process. Typically more stress is laid upon the development of the computer simulation while the data analysis takes a back seat. However, the accuracy of a simulation depends on the data driving it. In other words, any simulation is only as accurate as the input data fed into the simulation. Also, the output of simulation should be analyzed properly in order to validly estimate the performance of the system being simulated. The focus of …

Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Prediction For Wireless Networks Inside Boeing Fuselages, Mennatoallah Youssef

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Commercial grade software is intended for electromagnetic predictions within office buildings; it was used to develop models to analyze propagation inside airplane fuselages. This study shows that Wireless XGTD and Insite software can accurately predict power propagation within airplane fuselages. Current work uses fuselage models, which contain additional internal components. A comparison was made between empty and full fuselage to examine the effects of internal components. Two propagation model types [Fast 3D and Full 3D] were also compared for accuracy to experimental study. It was concluded that completed fuselages are suggested for further simulation study as well as that the …

Monte Carlo Simulation Analysis Of Electron Bombardment Of Gallium Nitride For Particle Detector Applications, James Gibson Bolitho

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Gallium Nitride (GaN) is a relatively new and promising semiconductor material. It is finding its place in commercial applications such as transistors, light-emitting diodes, and in blue lasers. The large bandgap of GaN allows for very low canier densities and high breakdown voltages. This combination results in a greatly reduced background current and noise, and can withstand large applied voltages. In addition, GaN is sturdy and has strong mechanical properties. These are all ideal characteristics for application in high-energy particle detection.

In this thesis, the central goal is to assess the response of a GaN-based particle detector through numerical modeling. …

Modeling And Simulation Of Photonic Crystal Fibers Using Finite Difference Frequency Domain Method, Md. Khalid Ikram

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) allow guiding light in low-index core. These fibers exhibit properties such as single-mode operation in broad wavelength region. The mode shape and group velocity dispersion can be controlled by designing the microstructures of the cladding. In order to study these properties, a fast, efficient, and highly accurate numerical modeling method is required.

A full-vectorial finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method is implemented. The modal properties of conventional step index fiber and index-guiding PCF are analyzed using this modeling technique. Compared to plane wave expansion and biorthogonal basis methods, FDFD is found to be simple, reliable, and efficient. PCFs …

Bottleneck Analysis Of Cports, Sreekalyana Chakravarthy Kajuluri

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

CPortS is a transportation logistics simulation that models the flow of military cargo through a seaport and the interaction of the cargo with the port resources and infrastructure. It provides information about the seaport's capabilities, how the cargo has been handled, how many days the cargo took to clear a particular port area, and the overall throughput of the seaport. The model is highly data intensive since it models the huge traffic in a real seaport.

Bottlenecks reduce system performance. Systems that are traffic intensive or simulations of systems, which are data intensive, encounter bottlenecks, which reduce their performance. In …

Interactive Land Use Vrml Application Using Servlet Assist, Suresh Chitithoti

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The integration of VRML and Servlet technologies has the potential to revolutionize web-based simulation visualization. The Interactive Land Use VRML Application (ILUVA) uses Java Servlets enabling one to perform urban planning by taking a virtual land area and add buildings, roadways, landscaping, and other features. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is a web-based technology for specifying and delivering interactive three-dimensional visualizations over a browser. The Java Servlet technology offers several powerful capabilities such as user authentication, session management, database connectivity for maintaining several possibly simultaneous user sessions, and dynamically generated VRML. Save and restore capabilities for any applications are …