Computational Engineering Commons^™

Accessibility Of Health Data Representations For Older Adults: Challenges And Opportunities For Design, Peterson Jean, Emma Murphy, Enda Bates

Books/Book Chapters

Health data of consumer off-the-shelf wearable devices is often conveyed to users through visual data representations and analyses. However, this is not always accessible to people with disabilities or older people due to low vision, cognitive impairments or literacy issues. Due to trade-offs between aesthetics predominance or information overload, real-time user feedback may not be conveyed easily from sensor devices through visual cues like graphs and texts. These difficulties may hinder critical data understanding. Additional auditory and tactile feedback can also provide immediate and accessible cues from these wearable devices, but it is necessary to understand existing data representation limitations …

Zechipc: Time Series Interpolation Method Based On Lebesgue Sampling, Luis Miralles-Pechuán, Muhammad Atif Qureshi, Matthieu Bellucci, Brian Mac Namee

Books/Book Chapters

In this paper, we present an interpolation method based on Lebesgue sampling that could help to develop systems based time series more efficiently. Our methods can transmit times series, frequently used in health monitoring, with the same level of accuracy but using much fewer data. Our method is based in Lebesgue sampling, which collects information depending on the values of the signal (e.g. the signal output is sampled when it crosses specific limits). Lebesgue sampling contains additional information about the shape of the signal in-between two sampled points. Using this information would allow generating an interpolated signal closer to the …

Valve Health Identification Using Sensors And Machine Learning Methods, Muhammad Atif Qureshi, Luis Miralles-Pechuán, Wood, Galway Technology Park, Parkmore, Galway, Ireland, Brian Mac Namee

Books/Book Chapters

Predictive maintenance models attempt to identify developing issues with industrial equipment before they become critical. In this paper, we describe both supervised and unsupervised approaches to predictive maintenance for subsea valves in the oil and gas industry. The supervised approach is appropriate for valves for which a long history of operation along with manual assessments of the state of the valves exists, while the unsupervised approach is suitable to address the cold start problem when new valves, for which we do not have an operational history, come online.

For the supervised prediction problem, we attempt to distinguish between healthy and …

A Comparison On The Classification Of Short-Text Documents Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation And Formal Concept Analysis, Noel Rogers, Luca Longo

Books/Book Chapters

With the increasing amounts of textual data being collected online, automated text classification techniques are becoming increasingly important. However, a lot of this data is in the form of short-text with just a handful of terms per document (e.g. Text messages, tweets or Facebook posts). This data is generally too sparse and noisy to obtain satisfactory classification. Two techniques which aim to alleviate this problem are Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). Both techniques have been shown to improve the performance of short-text classification by reducing the sparsity of the input data. The relative performance of classifiers …

Improving Safety In Medical Devices From Concept To Retirements, Martin Mchugh, Fergal Mccaffery, Silvana Macmahon, Anita Finnega

Books/Book Chapters

As with many domains the use of software within the healthcare industry is on the rise [1, 2] within the last 20 years.

Argumentation Theory In Health Care, Luca Longo, Bridget Kane, Lucy Hederman

Books/Book Chapters

Argumentation theory (AT) has been gaining momentum in the health care arena thanks to its intuitive and modular way of aggregating clinical evidence and taking rational decisions. The basic principles of argumentation theory are described and demonstrated in the breast cancer recurrence problem. It is shown how to represent available clinical evidence in arguments, how to define defeat relations among them and how to create a formal argumentation framework. Argumentation semantics are then applied over the built framework to compute arguments justification status. It is demonstrated how this process can enhance the clinician decision-making process. A encouraging predictive capacity is …

Argumentation Theory For Decision Support In Health-Care: A Comparison With Machine Learning, Luca Longo, Lucy Hederman

Books/Book Chapters

This study investigates role of defeasible reasoning and argumentation theory for decision-support in the health-care sector. The main objective is to support clinicians with a tool for taking plausible and rational medical decisions that can be better justified and explained. The basic principles of argumentation theory are described and demonstrated in a well known health scenario: the breast cancer recurrence problem. It is shown how to translate clinical evidence in the form of arguments, how to define defeat relations among them and how to create a formal argumentation framework. Acceptability semantics are then applied over this framework to compute arguments …

Trust And Reputation For Successful Software Self-Organisation, Pierpaolo Dondio, Jean Marc Seigneur

Books/Book Chapters

Abstract An increasing number of dynamic software evolution approaches is com- monly based on integrating or utilising new pieces of software. This requires reso- lution of issues such as ensuring awareness of newly available software pieces and selection of most appropriate software pieces to use. Other chapters in this book dis- cuss dynamic software evolution focusing primarily on awareness, integration and utilisation of new software pieces, paying less attention on how selection among different software pieces is made. The selection issue is quite important since in the increasingly dynamic software world quite a few new software pieces occur over time, …

Formalising Human Mental Workload As Non-Montonic Concept For Adaptive And Personalised Web-Design, Luca Longo

Books/Book Chapters

Web Design has been evolving with Web-based systems becoming more complex and structured due to the delivery of personalised information adapted to end-users. Although information presented can be useful and well formatted, people have little mental workload available for dealing with unusable systems. Subjective mental workload assessments tools are usually adopted to measure the impact of Web-tasks upon end-users thanks to their ease of use and are aimed at supporting design practices. The Nasa Task Load Index subjective procedure has been taken as a reference technique for measuring mental workload, but it has a background in aircraft cockpits, supervisory and …

Human-Computer Interaction And Human Mental Workload: Assessing Cognitive Engagement In The World Wide Web, Luca Longo

Books/Book Chapters

Assessing the cognitive engagement of a user while seeking and consuming information over the World Wide Web is a key challenge for studying the quality of interactions. Indicators of cognitive engagement are useful for enhancing usability of interfaces, designing adaptable systems but also for analysing user behaviour and performance. For this purpose, we aim to adopt the multifaceted concept of Human Mental Workload, mainly applied in psychology and cognitive sciences, to study individual performance and user engagement in the context of Web. We aim to design a framework in which mental workload can be measured, analysed and explained. This will …

Trust-Based Techniques For Collective Intelligence In Social Search Systems., Pierpaola Dondio, Luca Longo

Books/Book Chapters

A key-issue for the effectiveness of collaborative decision support systems is the problem of the trustworthiness of the entities involved in the process. Trust has been always used by humans as a form of collective intelligence to support effective decision making process. Computational trust models are becoming now a popular technique across many applications such as cloud computing, p2p networks, wikis, e-commerce sites, social network. The chapter provides an overview of the current landscape of computational models of trust and reputation, and it presents an experimental study case in the domain of social search, where we show how trust techniques …

A Computational Analysis Of Cognitive Effort, Luca Longo, Stephen Barrett

Books/Book Chapters

Cognitive effort is a concept of unquestionable utility in understanding human behaviour. However, cognitive effort has been defined in several ways in literature and in everyday life, suffering from a partial understanding. It is common to say “Pay more attention in studying that subject” or “How much effort did you spend in resolving that task?”, but what does it really mean? This contribution tries to clarify the concept of cognitive effort, by introducing its main influencing factors and by presenting a formalism which provides us with a tool for precise discussion. The formalism is implementable as a computational concept and …

Agent Based Modeling In Computer Graphics And Games, Brian Macnamee

Books/Book Chapters

As graphics technology has improved in recent years, more and more importance has been placed on the behavior of virtual characters in applications set in virtual worlds in areas such as games, movies and simulations. The behavior of virtual characters should be believable in order to create the illusion that these virtual worlds are populated with living characters. This has led to the application of agent-based modeling to the control of these virtual characters. There are a number of advantages of using agent-based modeling techniques which include the fact that they remove the requirement for hand controlling all agents in …