Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Characterization Of On-Road Petrol Vehicle Emissions Patterns In Dar Es Salaam City (Tanzania), Geoffrey John

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Motor vehicle emissions have been identified to be the major source of air pollution in most urban cities. It has serious impact on urban air quality and public health. The Governments of many countries need to adopt stringent vehicle emissions regulations to protect the air quality, the undertaking of which can only be implemented once the problem at hand is known. In the present study, the characteristics of on road vehicle emissions from the selected local ar~as at the city of Dar es Salaam in a developing country for in-use petrol vehicles for urban driving conditions ranging from idling, lOkm/h …

Impact Of Institutional Framework On Wetland Management In Tanzania, Shadrack Mwakalila

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Wetland loss continues today despite fhe existence of institutions With a specific mandate to manage uvtlands in Tanzania. In reviewing this apparent contradiction, this paper Soes in depth to explore the existing sectors associated with the development and management Of wetlands in the Country. Specifically it focuses on institutional framework a: Village level, Ward level, District level and national level. Among the key sectors consulted includes; agriculture and livestock, wildlife, forestry, fisheries, t'üier resources, lands, minerals and energy. The interest While visiting them was aiming at exploring the existing opportunity With regard to the tulues of the wetlands and their …

Determination Of Wind Loads Causing Flutter Effects, Ladislaus Lwambuka

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A new method on the determination Of wind forces by experimental means in a wind tunnel is discussed. The method reported herein is based on the identification methodology Of model parameters under time response (i.e. time domain identification). As a test model, a thin plate Of Cypress wood, elasticully suspended in three degrees Of freedom to represent the idealized form of a classical airfoil, for Which theoretical wind load parameters exist, has been employed. Wind load parameters, experimentally obtained on the test model under the new method, are compared With the theoretical values of classical airfoils. Advantages of the new …

Dar Es Salaam Water Supply Problems And Possible Solutions: Reflections, D Mashauri

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

During the assessment of the manuscript, it was observed that the paper does not include an abstract. The document proceeds directry to the main content without providing a separate abstract that summarize the study's objectives, methodology, key findings and conclusions

Investigation On Distribution Of Cast Properties On Aluminum Plates Poured By Side Gating Technique, Joseph Runyoro

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Casting technologies wllich improve casting yield and intenzal sOllndness of thin wall cast components are of particular interest to industry especially for critical applications. The main aim of fOll1ldries is to achieve castings free from defects at low cost. It hils been thought that pouring casting by side ingate technique improve directional solidification as the metal stays hot for long time in the feeder cum ingate. Experiments were carried alit IIsing a side gating technique to cast a number of 300 mm x 300 mm LMO and LM 25 plates in furall and pepset sand moulds. The thickness used was …

Geophysical Exploration For Groundwater Resources Potential Over Basement Formations At Kwandolwa And Mwisho Wa Shamba Villages, Korogwe District, Tanzania, Cuthbert Mhilu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

In this paper results of geophysical exploration studies to identify potential areas with groundwater resources at Kwamndolwa and Mwisho wa Shamba Villages in Korogwe District have been presented. The resistivity curves of eight sites at the two study areas were obtained using field data measurements made based on the application of a vertical electrical sounding (VES) method. The resisivity values obtained for sites VES-K3 and VES-M2 were found to be 10.9 and 24.0 ohm-m respectively. The interpretation of the resisivity values made for the two sites gave also an indication of the presence of sedimentary rocks composed of sandstone materials …

Sampling Procedure For Pavement Condition Evaluation Of Local Collectors And Access Roads, David Mfinanga

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Road surface condition evaluation involves the collection Of a lof Of data on different types of distresses. •lie exercise consumes a lot Of resources if the whole road section length is sureeyed and may be prone to errors as a result Of surveyors' fatigue. It is therefore important Io develop n reprevntative sample to be used When road condition manually. This study aimed nt determining sample size for condition evaluation of local collector access roads in urban areas in Tanzania. Two such roads namely l.ufungira and Kilimahewn roads respectively were selected for the study. It is recommended that a section …

Dynamic And Economic Design Of Rigid Retaining Wall, Y. Wu, Shamsher Prakash, V. K. Puri

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A 2-D model which accounts for the effect of coupled sliding and rocking motion and uses strain dependent soil stiffness and material damping for calculating the response of rigid retaining walls subjected to dynamic loads, was developed earlier. This model was used to study the effect inclination of the wall face in contact with the backfill, on its displacement under the effect of ground motions due to Northridge, ElCentro and Loma Prieta earthquakes. the effect of wall inclination on cumulative displacements is discussed and its role in achieving possible cost effectiveness in design of rigid retaining wall is highlighted. Copyright …

Collapse Assessment Of Degrading Mdof Structures Under Seismic Excitations, Mouchir Chenouda, Ashraf Salah Eldin Ayoub

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Seismic code provisions are now adopting performance-Based methodologies, where structures are designed to satisfy multiple performance objectives. Most codes rely on approximate methods to predict the desired seismic demand parameters. Most of these methods are based on simple SDOF models, and do not take into account neither MDOF nor degradation effects, which are major factors influencing structural behavior under earthquake excitations. More importantly, most of these models can not predict collapse explicitly under severe seismic loads. This study presents a newly developed model that incorporates degradation effects into seismic analysis of MDOF structures. a new energy-Based approach is used to …

Design Of Concrete Railing Reinforced With Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars, Fabio Matta, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement is a practical alternative to conventional steel rebars in concrete structures subjected to aggressive environments. the solution is attractive for bridge deck and rail applications, as it eliminates corrosion of the steel reinforcement, which is the major instrument of degradation. Due to the peculiar physical and mechanical characteristics of advanced composite materials, the design philosophy of FRP reinforced concrete (RC) structures differs from that of traditional RC. This paper introduces a systematic approach adopted for the structural and functional design of an open-post bridge railing reinforced with Glass FRP bars (GFRP) as …

Softened Truss Model For Rc Torsional Members Under Combined Action, Gary Greene, Abdeldjelil Belarbi

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Remote Health Monitoring Of The First Smart Bridge In Florida, Ebrahim Mehrani, Ashraf Salah Eldin Ayoub

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Monitoring of civil engineering structures is a new area that has gained significant attention recently and became a topic of extreme national interest. This area is being driven by the need to develop efficient condition assessment procedures for structural performance in response to societal and economic needs. the main goal of monitoring is to detect accurately and efficiently structural damage either due to long-term deterioration processes or due to extreme events (e.g. earthquakes, blasts). with the emergence of new technologies, structures can now be monitored remotely from a central monitoring station located several miles away from the field. Sensors are …

Risk Identification, Classification And Response Methods In The Sudanese Construction Industry, Zena Alwan

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

2006 Fall Engr333 Project Final Report, 2006 Fall Engr333

ENGR 333

The objective of this project was to demonstrate Calvin’s interest in alternative energy. The development of a short-term plan to implement a demonstration wind turbine and a long-term plan to determine the feasibility of a larger turbine for the future demonstrates this interest. The class was divided into five teams: management, external relations, long-term technology, short-term technology, and campus infrastructure. While each team had its own objectives, everyone worked together to share information and accomplish the overall project goals. This management technique provided necessary structure and simulated an environment typically found in a career environment.

Functional Model Of Cost And Time For Highway Construction Projects, Jin-Fang Shr, Wei-Tong Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

It is commonly accepted that construction cost, time and quality performance has been regarded as the major success factors for a construction project. With the increasing use of innovative contracts in highway construction, the relationship between construction cost and time has become more crucial than ever. Improved control of time value has become necessary, for quantifying the functional relationship between construction cost and time. This study explores the functional relationship between highway construction cost and time. Data from projects of the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) in the US is utilized to develop and illustrate the quantifying model. The proposed …

Effect Of South Caroline Belt Law On Safety Belt Use, Sourabh Patki

All Theses

A number of factors and accessories help save lives and prevent injuries to road users, yet safety belts have become synonymous with automobile safety today, unlike any accessory before or since their introduction in automobiles. However, the scientific advances in automobile safety, followed by the acceptance of the necessity for safety in automobiles by both the manufacturers and the population, finally leading to the introduction of safety features and their incorporation within the laws occurred over a much longer span, continuing even today. Today's Safety movement aims at increasing safety belt using an awareness campaigns, accompanied by enforcement. Safety belt …

Influence Of Socio-Economic And Demographic Factors On Crashes In Rural South Carolina At Sub-County Level, Sunil Jakhadi

All Theses

State of South Carolina ranks high in the fatality rates. The state is a predominately a rural state with more percentage of rural roads. This research focuses on the statistical variation of crash rates between the county and block-group, especially rural once to the state. Also, it focuses on the possibility of various socio-economic and demographic characters influence on the high crash rates particularly in rural South Carolina.
Crash database for the year 2004 was acquired from South Carolina Department of Transportation and was processed by the research team at Clemson University. This processed database was imported into GIS. Spatial …

Life Cycle Cost Analysis Of Pavements: State-Of-The-Practice, Zeynep Guven

All Theses

Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is performed by transportation agencies in the design phase of transportation projects in order to be able to implement more economical strategies, to support decision processes in pavement type selection (flexible or rigid) and also to assess the relative costs of different rehabilitation options within each type of pavement. However, most of the input parameters are inherently uncertain. In order to implement the LCCA process in a reliable and trustworthy manner, this uncertainty must be addressed. This thesis summarizes a through research that aims at improving the existing LCCA approach for South Carolina Department of …

Development Of Fatigue Predictive Models Of Rubberized Asphalt Concrete (Rac) Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (Rap) Mixtures, Feipeng Xiao

All Dissertations

In recent years, some by-products such as crumb rubber has been used to save money, protect the environment, and extend the life of asphalt pavements. In addition, the utilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is an acceptable practice in many states around the United States and many countries all over the world. However, the use of RAP containing crumb rubber has not been investigated in great detail, so it is essential to explore whether these materials have a positive effect on the fatigue life of asphalt pavement. In general, previous experience shows that the use of RAP has proven to …

Best Practices For Developing The Engineer's Estimate, Karl Niedzwecki

All Theses

The research project 'Best Practices for Developing the Engineering Estimate' was executed by Clemson University on behalf of the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT). The primary objective of this research project was to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of two types of estimating methods being utilized today by state department of transportations (DOT) nationwide. These two types of estimating methods are the unit cost line item approach, which the SCDOT utilizes, and the cost-based estimating approach. This research report identifies accuracy obtained, resources expended, and methodologies utilized when implementing either type of estimating approach. This was done so the …

Modeling Long-Term Plutonium Transport In The Savannah River Site Vadose Zone, Deniz Demirkanli

All Dissertations

Improved understanding of flow and radionuclide transport in vadose zone sediments is fundamental to future planning involving radioactive materials. Long-term experiments were conducted at the Savannah River Site (SRS), where a series of lysimeters containing sources of different Pu oxidation states were placed in the shallow subsurface and exposed to the environment for 2 to 11 years. After the experiments, Pu activity concentrations were measured along vertical cores. The distributions were anomalous in nature, with irregular downward migration and unexpected upward migration. Previous studies suggested that surface-mediated, oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions may be responsible for the anomalies. This hypothesis is tested …

Optimizing The Project Team's Contribution To Business Objectives, Chad Rowland

All Theses

The traditional expectations of the project team are for the processes of engineering, procurement, construction, and start-up to be expertly administered. However, these performance criteria can be satisfied yet still not meet the ultimate business needs of the owner. The purpose of this thesis was to determine ways to improve the likelihood of achieving owner's business objectives. Fifty-one questionnaire survey forms were analyzed to obtain data for thirty-three pre-project planning activities. A data analysis concluded with a degree of statistical significance that for thirteen of the thirty-three activities, the more successful projects, as defined by the satisfaction of the business …

Design And Construction Of Pavements In Cold Regions: State Of The Practice, Brad Steven Smith

Theses and Dissertations

The effects of frost action introduce many challenges in the design and construction of roadways in cold regions throughout the United States. The penetration of frost into pavement structures can lead to differential frost heave during winter and thaw weakening during spring. Both of these damage mechanisms lead to premature pavement distress, structural deterioration, and poor ride quality. Because the availability of naturally occurring non-frost-susceptible pavement base materials is rapidly diminishing in many areas while project budgets remain largely inadequate, pavement engineers are utilizing alternative materials and techniques to minimize such damage. The purpose of this research was to investigate …

An Analysis Of The Accounting Methods Used By Builders Producing Twenty-Five Or Fewer Homes Per Year, David Andrus

Theses and Dissertations

Accounting plays a crucial role in the success of any business, but it is particularly vital in the construction industry, a complex field that typically requires the coordination of multiple subcontractors and multiple jobs in any given year. Although small-volume home builders make up 70 percent of the membership of the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), a trade association of the home building industry, little is known about the accounting practices of these builders. This thesis undertook to study the accounting practices of small-volume home builders. Small-volume home builders were defined as those producing 25 homes or fewer in …

Investigation Into Compatibility Between Repair Material And Substrate Concrete Using Experimental And Finite Element Method, Rashmi Pattnaik

All Dissertations

The failure of concrete repairs is mainly due to improper selection of repair material based on individual repair material properties, without investigating the compatibility between repair material and substrate concrete. In this dissertation the compatibility between eight repair materials and substrate concrete was investigated in three stages. First, individual properties of the repair materials such as setting time, flow, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, bond strength, drying shrinkage, freeze-thaw resistance, and permeability, were determined using standard ASTM test procedures. Second, the compatibility was investigated using a composite beam under third point loading. Third, the correlation of repair material …

A Comparison Of The Zns(Ag) Scintillation Detector To The Silicon Semiconductor Detector For Quantification Of Alpha Radioactivity In Aqueous Solutions, Jennifer Foster

All Theses

A ZnS(Ag) detector was successfully used in the direct detection of alpha particles from aqueous solutions and the results were compared to the passivated ion implanted planar silicon (PIPS) continuous air monitor (CAM) detector. The ZnS(Ag) detector is recommended for on-line detection of gross alpha radioactivity from high-level liquid waste process streams; however, the detector suffers from limitations due to variations in detection efficiency with alpha energies. The beta and gamma interference did not significantly spillover into the alpha region of interest of the ZnS(Ag) detector which provided absolute detection efficiencies of 7.19 ± 0.13%, 5.37 ± 0.02%, and 4.21 …

Evaporation Estimation Using A Floating Pan, Michael Klink

All Theses

Almost all regions in the United States must accurately estimate evaporation to have effective water management programs. The purpose of this study is to develop a better method for measuring evaporation. Lake evaporation along with meteorological data are measured directly from a floating pan. The floating pan is specifically designed to account for one of the most sensitive parameters of evaporation, the water surface temperature, which the design achieves. However, other design factors such as air movement, solar radiation, stability, heat transfer, wave action, water level range, and site location were also taken into consideration. The evaporation measured from the …

College Of Engineering Senior Design Competition Fall 2006, University Of Nevada, Las Vegas

Fred and Harriet Cox Senior Design Competition Projects

Part of every UNLV engineering student’s academic experience, the senior design project stimulates engineering innovation and entrepreneurship. Each student in their senior year chooses, plans, designs and prototypes a product in this required element of the curriculum. A capstone to the student’s educational career, the senior design project encourages the student to use everything learned in the engineering program to create a practical, real world solution to an engineering challenge.

The senior design competition helps to focus the senior students in increasing the quality and potential for commercial application for their design projects. Judges from local industry evaluate the projects …

Impact Of Wastewater Reuse In Burlington County On Surface Water Quality And Adjacent Wetlands, Crystal L. Mattson

Theses and Dissertations

This study was conducted to assess potential ecological impacts from application of treated wastewater effluent. Indian Springs Golf Course is currently irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Grab water samples were collected from three (3) ponds located on the golf course over the course of a year and were analyzed for nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus, organics, and bacteria. A second golf course, Medford Lakes Country Club is currently irrigated with groundwater. Grab water samples were collected from both locations and analyzed for nutrients and bacteria for comparison purposes.

Results of sample analyses indicate that detriment to the quality of surface water at the …

Shear-Wave Velocity Model Of Near-Surface Sediments, Site Response, And Building Damage: 1886 Charleston, South Carolina Earthquake, Cedric Fairbanks

All Dissertations

An updated small-strain shear wave velocity (Vs) model of near-surface sediments is constructed using measurements from over 90 investigation sites in the greater Charleston area. It is constructed by separating the Vs measurements into six major geologic units. The six units are: 1) man-made fills, 2) Holocene and late Pleistocene deposits, 3) the Wando Formation, 4) the Ten Mile Hill beds, 5) the Penholoway Formation and the Daniel Island beds, and 6) Tertiary deposits. Median Vs values for these units in the top 25 m are 145 m/s, 111 m/s, 189 m/s, 176 m/s, 285 m/s and 399 m/s, respectively. …