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Articles 1 - 30 of 62
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Using Probe Data To Understand The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Roadway Safety, Ennis W. Marshall
Using Probe Data To Understand The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Roadway Safety, Ennis W. Marshall
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic there was an observed decrease in traffic safety in the United Sates. New England was no exception to this, with traffic fatality rates increasing in Maine and Connecticut. This increase was attributed to the possibility that drivers had more opportunities to speed following the implementation of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on roads with drastically reduced volume and decreased speed enforcement. To determine the state of research into the pandemic's effect on traffic safety around the world, an extensive critical review was conducted. The reviewed studies showed that roadways did indeed become less safe with …
Examining The Impact Of Centerline Rumble-Strip Installation In Prevention Of Head-On And Opposite Sideswipe Collisions In Maine, Jhan Kevin Gil Marin
Examining The Impact Of Centerline Rumble-Strip Installation In Prevention Of Head-On And Opposite Sideswipe Collisions In Maine, Jhan Kevin Gil Marin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Among all traffic collisions, lane departure crashes are the leading type of serious traffic crashes in Maine, comprising 72% of state-wide traffic fatalities. To reduce these crashes, Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT) installed shoulder and centerline rumble strips on roadways to prevent lane departure crashes in Maine. With a total installed length of 1503 miles of rumble strips, specifically 511 miles of centerline rumble strips in bidirectional and undivided rural two-lane roadways, there is a need to understand the impact of rumble strips in reducing lane departure crashes. In this thesis, observational before-after studies with two methods: comparison group, and …
Transportation System Performance And Traveler Behavior In The Context Of A Systemwide Shock: Applications Of Data Science Toward A Sustainable Future, A. Latif Patwary
Transportation System Performance And Traveler Behavior In The Context Of A Systemwide Shock: Applications Of Data Science Toward A Sustainable Future, A. Latif Patwary
Doctoral Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic, a systemwide shock, has left a long-lasting and significant impact on transportation systems. It has contributed to a shift in travel behavior, with many people turning to work from home (WFH) and online shopping. This shift has led to a reduction in vehicular travel. However, the pandemic witnessed increased crash fatalities despite a reduction in overall crashes, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged communities (DACs). The main question arising from these pandemic-related issues is what we can learn to improve transportation systems and shape future travel behavior. Therefore, this dissertation aims to investigate how the transportation system changed during COVID-19 …
An Intelligent Driver Model Simulation Considering Both Backward Looking Effect And Velocity Difference, Yin Xu, Yun Pu, Haixu Liu, Yifan Tan
An Intelligent Driver Model Simulation Considering Both Backward Looking Effect And Velocity Difference, Yin Xu, Yun Pu, Haixu Liu, Yifan Tan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the phenomenon that driver adjusts vehicle movement by observing the following vehicles through rearview mirror in the actual car-following driving, an improved intelligent driver model accounting for both backward looking effect and velocity difference is proposed, and the critical stability condition of the new model is obtained by employing the linear stability analysis. Based on the numerical simulation experiments, the car following characteristics analysis during the acceleration process of the vehicle and the traffic safety evaluation are carried out. A small disturbance simulation under the periodic boundary condition is used to verify the conclusion consistency of stability …
Use Of Machine Learning And Natural Language Processing To Enhance Traffic Safety Analysis, Md Abu Sayed
Use Of Machine Learning And Natural Language Processing To Enhance Traffic Safety Analysis, Md Abu Sayed
Theses and Dissertations
Despite significant advances in vehicle technologies, safety data collection and analysis, and engineering advancements, tens of thousands of Americans die every year in motor vehicle crashes. Alarmingly, the trend of fatal and serious injury crashes appears to be heading in the wrong direction. In 2021, the actual rate of fatalities exceeded the predicted rate. This worrisome trend prompts and necessitates the development of advanced and holistic approaches to determining the causes of a crash (particularly fatal and major injuries). These approaches range from analyzing problems from multiple perspectives, utilizing available data sources, and employing the most suitable tools and technologies …
Using Safety Performance Models, Autonomous Vehicle Data, And Machine Learning To Develop Contextual Complexity Criteria To Establish A Standardized Process For On-Road Evaluation Of Medically At-Risk Drivers Considering Static And Dynamic Factors Of The Roadway Environment, Vijay Bendigeri
All Dissertations
The field of transportation engineering has an opportunity to positively impact the medical community, specifically the clinicians who evaluate, train, and rehabilitate at-risk drivers. Driving Rehabilitation Specialists (DRSs) have an essential role in making roads safer for medically-at-risk drivers, their passengers, and other road users. DRSs conduct on-road driving evaluations, which are considered the gold standard to make fitness-to-drive decisions due to their high face validity. Most DRSs use a fixed route, meaning the exact same route is used to evaluate each client. When a DRS develops a fixed route, that clinician identifies characteristics of the roadway they think are …
A Multilevel Study Of Driving Behavior And System Performance- Harnessing Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving And Conventional Safety Data, Amin Mohammadnazar
A Multilevel Study Of Driving Behavior And System Performance- Harnessing Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving And Conventional Safety Data, Amin Mohammadnazar
Doctoral Dissertations
The performance of a transportation system highly depends on the drivers’ behavior because driving behavior is one of the main causes of traffic accidents and one of the key factors in fuel consumption and vehicle emissions studies. Specifically, the focus of this dissertation is on aggressive driving who not only put their selves and others at risk but also contribute more to greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, the development of advanced sensors, connected vehicles (CVs), location-based services (LBS) provided unprecedented access to new high-resolution microscopic-level data which can be used to evaluate and monitor instantaneous driving behavior and safety performance of …
Modeling Driver Distraction Mechanism And Its Safety Impact In Automated Vehicle Environment., Song Wang
Modeling Driver Distraction Mechanism And Its Safety Impact In Automated Vehicle Environment., Song Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Automated Vehicle (AV) technology expects to enhance driving safety by eliminating human errors. However, driver distraction still exists under automated driving. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has defined six levels of driving automation from Level 0~5. Until achieving Level 5, human drivers are still needed. Therefore, the Human-Vehicle Interaction (HVI) necessarily diverts a driver’s attention away from driving. Existing research mainly focused on quantifying distraction in human-operated vehicles rather than in the AV environment. It causes a lack of knowledge on how AV distraction can be detected, quantified, and understood. Moreover, existing research in exploring AV distraction has mainly …
Improving Pedestrian Safety With The Implementation Of The Demand-Responsive Transverse Rumble Strip As A New Traffic Safety Countermeasure, Md Shakhawat Hossen
Improving Pedestrian Safety With The Implementation Of The Demand-Responsive Transverse Rumble Strip As A New Traffic Safety Countermeasure, Md Shakhawat Hossen
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The traditional TRS has been extensively used as a traffic calming device to provide cognitive alerts in the form of sound and vibration to drivers. However, TRS always remains fixed on the road and thus exerts cognitive alerts, irrespective of any potential downstream hazards. Moreover, the continuous exposure to rumble strips has been identified as a source of discomfort and annoyance for drivers, which limits its application to potentially useful scenarios. This study explores a rumble strip design with dynamic behavior named as Demand-Responsive Transverse Rumble Strip (DRTRS) in order to address the limitations of static TRS. The study incorporates …
Understanding The Safety Impacts Of Left-Turn Infrastructure On The Vulnerable Driving Population, Francis Tainter
Understanding The Safety Impacts Of Left-Turn Infrastructure On The Vulnerable Driving Population, Francis Tainter
Doctoral Dissertations
The severe impact of roadway fatalities has remained a significant concern for researchers in recent years. As of 2015, traffic fatalities were the leading cause of death for individuals between the ages of 15 and 20 years old and a significant safety concern for drivers over the age of 65 years old (otherwise known as the “vulnerable” driving population). Intersection-related crashes have also remained prevalent in these demographic categories. Through four primary crash data evaluations, this dissertation explores the safety implications on the “vulnerable” driving population in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Through the utilization of newly developed crash data linkage …
The Impact Of Vision Zero Initiatives On Road User Safety In New York City, Alex C. Phares, Md Amdad Hossen, Kakan Dey
The Impact Of Vision Zero Initiatives On Road User Safety In New York City, Alex C. Phares, Md Amdad Hossen, Kakan Dey
Mountaineer Undergraduate Research Review
Despite modern vehicles, improved transportation infrastructure, and advanced traffic signals, more than 36,000 Americans die from traffic crashes every year1. With the goal of reducing traffic fatalities to zero, New York City (NYC) adopted Vision Zero (VZ) initiatives in 2014 and has deployed 23 categories of countermeasures, ranging from road improvements to training and community outreach programs2. In this research, trend analysis and hypothesis tests were done on NYC traffic fatality data for three main categories of roadway users: motorists, cyclists, and pedestrians, to evaluate the success of the VZ initiatives. It was found that annual fatalities of both motorist …
Nighttime Pedestrian Fatalities Across The United States And Their Relationship With Built Environment And Socioeconomic Factors: Gis-Based Analysis And Assessment, Amir Tarighi
Civil Engineering ETDs
Fatalities from motor vehicle collisions are the fifth leading cause of years of lost life worldwide (Foreman et al., 2018) and are a great concern for all communities. This road safety crisis has been especially pronounced for U.S. pedestrians over the last decade. National records show that between 2010 and 2019, pedestrian fatalities in the U.S. increased 44% while all other traffic fatalities increased only 4% and more than fifty percent of pedestrian fatalities occurred in dark lighting conditions. This study analyzed the relationship between pedestrian fatality locations at night and five demographic characteristics of those locations including population density, …
Evaluation Of Orange Pavement Striping For Use In Work Zones, Erin Lammers-Staats, William Staats, Ken Agent
Evaluation Of Orange Pavement Striping For Use In Work Zones, Erin Lammers-Staats, William Staats, Ken Agent
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Interstate widening projects are commonplace in Kentucky, and safety is of primary concern within the project work zone. Past experience with long work zones revealed two critical safety issues: driver confusion due to unclear pavement markings and a lack of continuous work zone signage for motorists indicating they are still within a work zone. This concern is heightened in transition and taper areas. Highly visible markings in an alternative color other than standard yellow or white might better distinguish the proper travel path for motorists and prevent drivers from returning to normal driving behavior and speeds once they get through …
Safety Evaluation And Risk Level Prediction Of Driving Behavior Considering Multi-Factors Influence, An Yu, Pengpeng Jiao, Zixiu Bai
Safety Evaluation And Risk Level Prediction Of Driving Behavior Considering Multi-Factors Influence, An Yu, Pengpeng Jiao, Zixiu Bai
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to study the influence of multi-factors of human-vehicle-road on driving behavior and vehicle safety status in road traffic system, a simulated driving comparison test of six scenarios combined by multiple factors is designed. Driving simulator, physiography and eye tracker are used to collect 19 indicators related to driving behavior respectively. The differences of sample data are compared by variance analysis. The nonlinear SVM(support vector machine) is used to classify and predict the sample data. The driving behavior risk level prediction model is established, and the validity of the model is verified by the experimental data. The …
Adaptive Uplink Data Rate Prediction And Networkselection In A Vehicular Mobile Channel, Georgi Nikolov
Adaptive Uplink Data Rate Prediction And Networkselection In A Vehicular Mobile Channel, Georgi Nikolov
Theses
The rapid acceleration into the digital age brings a worldwide interconnectedness of an unprecedented level. This interconnectedness transforms the modern transportation network by linking its infrastructure components (e.g., signaling systems, traffic control systems, maintenance systems) together. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) can utilize this newly emerged network infrastructure, improving traffic safety, traffic control, and reducing transportation-related environmental impacts, changing the way drivers, businesses and governments deal with road transport. It is expected that in the near future self-aware vehicles (e.g., trains, cars or trucks) will constitute the majority of the transportation infrastructure. Vehicles need to be able to reliably communicate critical …
Analysis Of Traffic Crash Data In Kentucky 2015-2019, Eric R. Green, Paul A. Ross, Christopher L. Blackden, Michael A. Fields, William Nicholas Staats
Analysis Of Traffic Crash Data In Kentucky 2015-2019, Eric R. Green, Paul A. Ross, Christopher L. Blackden, Michael A. Fields, William Nicholas Staats
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Executive Summary and Introduction
This report documents an analysis of traffic crash data in Kentucky. A primary objective of this study was to determine average crash statistics for Kentucky highways. Where used, rates were calculated for various types of highways and for counties and cities. Difference criteria were used for exposure.
Average and critical numbers, SPFs, and rates of crashes were calculated for various types of highways in rural and urban areas. These use crashes identified on highways where Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) volumes were available. The data in this report may be used to help identify problem areas. …
Increasing The Train Safety Level Based On A Process Approach, A.Kh. Makhkamov, M.Sh. Valiev
Increasing The Train Safety Level Based On A Process Approach, A.Kh. Makhkamov, M.Sh. Valiev
Journal of Tashkent Institute of Railway Engineers
The article deals with improving the level of train traffic safety based on the process approach, provides a classification of failures of technical means and methods of their parry. The main attention is paid to the occurrence of cases of traffic safety violations. To increase the level of the DB support system, the entire process of organizing transportation is divided into four main blocks: management processes, resource support processes, production processes, interaction and control processes.
Simulation Study For Truck Restriction Strategies On Jingzang Expressway In Beijing, Senyan Yang, Jianping Wu, Mingyu Liu, He Lei
Simulation Study For Truck Restriction Strategies On Jingzang Expressway In Beijing, Senyan Yang, Jianping Wu, Mingyu Liu, He Lei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Lane restriction strategy for trucks is an effective way to improve the capacity of expressways and ease traffic congestion. Microscopic simulation models were employed to assess the impacts of restriction strategies and truck accidents on expressway traffic condition. Parameters were calibrated and validated based on the field data of Jingzang Expressway. Five simulation scenarios with different time setting for trucks' no passing were established, and evacuation after truck accident was simulated. Simulation results indicate that the most suitable time for trucks' no passing is from 7:00 to 19:00. The travel time of small passenger cars can be reduced …
Modeling Driver-Pedestrian-Infrastructure Interactions At Signalized Midblock Crosswalks, Boniphace Kutela
Modeling Driver-Pedestrian-Infrastructure Interactions At Signalized Midblock Crosswalks, Boniphace Kutela
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Cities and metropolitan areas are increasingly facilitating pedestrians’ movement by the provision of pedestrian walking facilities. As pedestrian traffic increases, the risk of crash involvement increases, especially at midblock locations, where pedestrians are exposed to unsafe interactions with vehicular traffic. To improve pedestrians’ safety at midblock locations, various countermeasures are provided, which include signalized crosswalks. Several studies have analyzed driver-pedestrian interactions, as well as pedestrian-infrastructure interactions at signalized midblock crosswalks. However, more in-depth studies are necessary, due to shortfalls of study assumptions, which have led to the application of improper statistical models, as seen in the literature. Improved models are …
Modern Roundabouts: A Challenge Of The Future, Tomaž Tollazzi, Raffaele Mauro, Daiva Žilionienė, Irena I. Otković, Nikiforos Stamatiadis
Modern Roundabouts: A Challenge Of The Future, Tomaž Tollazzi, Raffaele Mauro, Daiva Žilionienė, Irena I. Otković, Nikiforos Stamatiadis
Civil Engineering Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Webinar: Rethinking Streets For Bikes: An Evidence Based Guide Of Bike-Friendly Street Retrofits, Marc Schlossberg, Roger Lindgren
Webinar: Rethinking Streets For Bikes: An Evidence Based Guide Of Bike-Friendly Street Retrofits, Marc Schlossberg, Roger Lindgren
TREC Webinar Series
There is a growing demand for better infrastructure and fewer barriers to biking and other forms of space-efficient micromobility. Tackling daily trips by bike is easier on the environment, healthier for users and non-users alike, uses precious urbanized public and private land more efficiently, costs taxpayers less to build and maintain infrastructure, and when routes are safe and comfortable, moving by bike is also fun! Complete Streets policies are being adopted across the country, and there is an active conversation around the safety imperative of a Complete Streets approach. Yet, local officials often need both design guidance and the …
The Passive Effects Of Full-Gateway, In-Street Signs On Vehicular Speed, De'lon Dixon
The Passive Effects Of Full-Gateway, In-Street Signs On Vehicular Speed, De'lon Dixon
Masters Theses
Reducing motorist’s speed when approaching crosswalks is an important goal in reducing the number of collision between motorist and pedestrian in crosswalks. The current study addresses this goal. The effect of gateway installation of in-street signs (one in-street sign installed between the two travel lanes in each direction and one on both edges of the roadway in each direction) on vehicle speed was evaluated on nine roads. The results demonstrated that the Gateway in-street sign treatment produced large speed reductions as vehicles approached the crosswalk and at the crosswalk. The average speed reduction was 3.8 mph at the crosswalk and …
Crash Severity Analysis Of Rear-End Crashes In California Using Statistical And Machine Learning Classification Methods, Alidad Ahmadi, Arash Jahangiri, Vincent Berardi, Sahar Ghanipoor Machiani
Crash Severity Analysis Of Rear-End Crashes In California Using Statistical And Machine Learning Classification Methods, Alidad Ahmadi, Arash Jahangiri, Vincent Berardi, Sahar Ghanipoor Machiani
Psychology Faculty Articles and Research
Investigating drivers’ injury level and detecting contributing factors that aggravate the damage level imposed on drivers and vehicles is a critical subject in the field of crash analysis. In this study, a comprehensive vehicle-by-vehicle crash data set is developed by integrating 5 years of data from California crash, vehicles involved, and road databases. The data set is used to model the severity of rear-end crashes for comparing three analytic techniques: multinomial logit, mixed multinomial logit, and support vector machine (SVM). The results of the crash severity models and the role of contributing factors to the severity outcome of rear-end crashes …
All-Red Clearance Intervals For Use In The Left-Turn Application Of Flashing Yellow Arrows, Francis Tainter
All-Red Clearance Intervals For Use In The Left-Turn Application Of Flashing Yellow Arrows, Francis Tainter
Masters Theses
With the advancement of implementation for a novel traffic control device, the Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA), agencies across the country have continually sought strategies to improve intersection operations and safety, specifically with respect to the left-turn application. More so, permissive left-turn intervals have been communicated to drivers using several traffic signal indications; however, most frequently these phases are represented through the circular green (CG) ball and more recently, the FYA. Previous research in this area determined that the FYA indication produced the most effective communication of permissive left-turns. Further, this previous research led to the inclusion of the FYA in …
Identifying The Safety Impact Of Signal Coordination Projects Along Urban Arterials Using A Meta-Analysis Method, Michael R. Williamson, Ryan N. Fries, Yan Qi, Praveen Mandava
Identifying The Safety Impact Of Signal Coordination Projects Along Urban Arterials Using A Meta-Analysis Method, Michael R. Williamson, Ryan N. Fries, Yan Qi, Praveen Mandava
SIUE Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity
The safety impact of changes to roadway operations have been of interests in recent years with the publication of the Highway Safety Manual. One area that is in need of further study is the safety impact of traffic signal coordination projects in urban areas. Specifically, this study seeks to identify the safety benefit from traffic signal coordination projects on major arterial roadways through urban areas using a before and after study with a comparison groups approach and a meta-analysis method. The findings suggest that traffic signal coordination could decrease total crashes by 21 percent, injury crashes by 52 percent and …
Application Of Real Field Connected Vehicle Data For Aggressive Driving Identification On Horizontal Curves, Arash Jahangiri, Vincent Berardi, Sahar Ghanipoor Machiani
Application Of Real Field Connected Vehicle Data For Aggressive Driving Identification On Horizontal Curves, Arash Jahangiri, Vincent Berardi, Sahar Ghanipoor Machiani
Psychology Faculty Articles and Research
The emerging technology of connected vehicles generates a vast amount of data that could be used to enhance roadway safety. In this paper, we focused on safety applications of a real field connected vehicle data on a horizontal curve. The database contains connected vehicle data that were collected on public roads in Ann Arbor, Michigan with instrumented vehicles. Horizontal curve negotiations are associated with a great number of accidents, which are mainly attributed to driving errors. Aggressive/risky driving is a contributing factor to the high rate of crashes on horizontal curves. Using basic safety message data in connected vehicle data …
An Evaluation Of Traffic Control Devices And Driver Distraction On Driver Behavior At Railway-Highway Grade Crossings, Radhameris A. Gomez Gabriel
An Evaluation Of Traffic Control Devices And Driver Distraction On Driver Behavior At Railway-Highway Grade Crossings, Radhameris A. Gomez Gabriel
Doctoral Dissertations
At-grade crossings (grade crossings) are those crossings in which any part of a roadway intersects with railroad tracks. Safety at these railroad-highway grade crossings is a major concern, with traffic control warning devices serving as the main mechanisms for improving safety. There are three factors that influence a driver’s behavior at a given crossing. First, traffic control devices, including warning devices at the railroad-highway grade crossings, provide the driver with information whose impact will depend in part on the likelihood that the driver knows whether to glance in the direction of the device based on prior experience, and in part …
Evaluating The Impacts Of Driver Behavior In The Speed Selection Process And The Related Outcomes, Cole D. Fitzpatrick
Evaluating The Impacts Of Driver Behavior In The Speed Selection Process And The Related Outcomes, Cole D. Fitzpatrick
Doctoral Dissertations
In the United States, traffic crashes claim the lives of 30,000 people every year and is the leading cause of death for 5-24 year olds. Driver error is the leading factor in over 90 percent of motor vehicle crashes, with the roadway and the vehicle each only accounting for about 2 percent of crashes. In the United States, nearly a third of fatal crashes are due to speeding and therefore, a critical step in improving traffic safety is research aimed to reduce speeding, such as crash data analysis, outreach campaigns, targeted enforcement, and understanding speed selection. In this dissertation, a …
Webinar: Integrating Explicit And Implicit Methods In Travel Behavior Research: A Study Of Driver Attitudes And Bias, Tara Goddard
Webinar: Integrating Explicit And Implicit Methods In Travel Behavior Research: A Study Of Driver Attitudes And Bias, Tara Goddard
TREC Webinar Series
Car crashes are still a leading cause of death in the United States, with vulnerable road users like bicyclists and pedestrians being injured or killed at rates that outpace their mode share.
Planners, engineers, and advocates are increasingly adopting Vision Zero and Tactical Urbanism approaches and trying to better understand the underlying causes of dangerous roadway interactions. However, existing research into crash causation has focused on instrumental factors (e.g. intersection type, vehicle speed) while little research has probed the role of attitudes or socio-cognitive mechanisms in interactions between roadway users.
Social psychology suggests that attitudes and social cognitions can play …
Exploring Factors Contributing To Lane Changes During Left Turns On Quadruple Left-Turn Lanes At Signalized Intersections, Fulu Wei, Zhenyu Wang, Jian Lu
Exploring Factors Contributing To Lane Changes During Left Turns On Quadruple Left-Turn Lanes At Signalized Intersections, Fulu Wei, Zhenyu Wang, Jian Lu
CUTR Faculty Journal Publications
Quadruple left-turn lanes are employed gradually at some major intersections in Jilin, China. At these intersections, frequent lane changes during left turns of vehicles can lead to vastly disordered traffic operations. In this study, the factors contributing to lane changes during left turn behaviors at quadruple left-turn lane intersections were interpreted based on a field survey. In total, data on 192 green intervals and 550 individual lane-change behaviors were collected in Changchun, Jilin Province. A lane-changing rate model was established to predict the rate of lane changes during left turns. In addition, an interval selection model was built to estimate …