Engineering Commons^™

Molecular Understanding Of Zwitterions And Quantum Computing For Sustainability, Manh Tien Nguyen

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

The sustainable development of society needs sustainable energy solutions and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. One key subject in this area is the development of safe and efficient ion-based batteries. Moreover, CO₂ capture is a crucial pathway in mitigating emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels. Ongoing efforts are to improve both technologies' safety and efficiency. This thesis presents our efforts to conduct computational research on understanding advanced zwitterionic electrolytes and CO₂ capture. Chapters 2-4 illustrate the computational research to understand ionic solvation in zwitterionic electrolytes. Solid-state electrolytes are essential for safer batteries. While solid polymer electrolytes …

Optimization And Enhancement Of Co2 Sequestration In Industrial Wastes For Environmental Applications, Maisa El Gamal, Ameera F. Mohammad

All Works

This paper explores carbon capture and storage (CCS) through carbide lime waste (CLW), a by-product of acetylene production, under different conditions. This process is specifically designed to provide an onsite waste management solution for several industries that can easily be integrated into existing systems. In addition, the effect of the carbonation process on collected solids morphology and average particle size was studied. The structural and chemical characteristics of the carbonated carbide lime samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, TGA analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of carbonation conditions on the total dissolved solids and change in pH …

Koh-Based Modified Solvay Process: Optimization And Kinetics Studies, Aya Abdel-Hamid Mourad

Dissertations

While desalination of seawater is important for meeting the water demand, the technology produces large volumes of reject brine and CO₂, causing environmental pollution. Solvay process (based on ammonia, NH₃) and modified Solvay process (based on calcium oxide, CaO) try to manage these wastes. However, more attention is needed to overcome different limitations of these processes such as, alkaline solubility, operating temperature, maintaining high pH value, and low sodium (Na⁺) removal efficiency, which does not exceed 35%. The aim of this work is to introduce an alternative alkaline, namely potassium hydroxide (KOH) and investigate …

Fundamental Study Of Multiphase Solid/Molten Carbonate Membranes For Co2 Capture And Conversion, Xin Li

Theses and Dissertations

Due to the burning of fossil fuels and human activities, many greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere, which causes global warming and has a significant negative impact on the human living environment. Therefore, it is imperative to develop carbon capture technologies that can prevent carbon dioxide emission and reduce carbon dioxide concentration in the air. Further, if the captured carbon dioxide can be converted back to fossil fuels, the emission of carbon dioxide is delayed, and more time is gained to develop new and advanced carbon free and clean energy technologies. Motivated by this thought, …

Fundamentals Of Adsorption And Large Scale Pressure Swing Adsorption (Psa) Process Design, Huan Jiang

Theses and Dissertations

This work focused on both fundamental of adsorption and large-scale PSA design. Chapter 1 and 2 addressed the analysis of conditions for formation of adsorption azeotropes in binary systems. Chapter 1 theoretically assessed the necessary and sufficient conditions for the formation of an adsorption azeotrope in a binary gas mixture when this mixture exhibits either intersecting or non-intersecting single gas isotherms. Chapter 2 confirmed theoretically whether adsorption azeotropes can form in a binary mixture at a pressure below the intersection pressure of the corresponding single gas isotherms. Analytical expressions derived for both general and dual thermodynamically consistent process Langmuir (DPL) …

Advanced Process Modeling And Optimization Of Amine-Based Carbon Capture Process, Paul Jide Terhemba Akula

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

With the rise of carbondioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere to more than 400 parts per million (ppm), research efforts have been focused on achieving net-zero carbon emission technologies. Post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) is a key strategy in reducing CO2 emissions. Amine-based CO2 capture is the baseline technology for retrofitting existing power stations. However, the integration of amine-based PCC technology with power plants to reduce greenhouse gas emissions incurs a high energy penalty, decreasing a powerplant’s efficiency by about 23 percentage points. Understanding the capture plant dynamics plays an important role in its technical and economic performance. Rigorous models are …

Cfd Modeling On Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of Multiphase Counter-Current Flow In A Structured Packed Bed For Post-Combustion Co2 Capture, Li Yang, Fang Liu, Kozo Saito, Kunlei Liu

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Solvent-based post combustion CO₂ capture is a promising technology for industrial application. Gas-liquid interfaces and interactions in the packed bed are considered one of the key factors affecting the overall CO₂ absorption rate. Understanding the hydrodynamic characterizations within packed beds is essential to identify the appropriate enhanced mass transfer technique. However, multiphase counter-current flows in the structured packing typically used in these processes are complicated to visualize and optimize experimentally. In this paper, we aim to develop a comprehensive 3D multiphase, counter-current flow model to study the liquid/gas behavior on the surface of structured packing. The output from …

Enhancements In Mass Transfer For Carbon Capture Solvents Part I: Homogeneous Catalyst, Leland R. Widger, Moushumi Sarma, Jonathan J. Bryant, David S. Mannel, Jesse G. Thompson, Cameron A. Lippert, Kunlei Liu

Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty and Staff Publications

The novel small molecule carbonic anhydrase (CA) mimic [Co^III(Salphen-COO⁻)Cl]HNEt₃ (1), was synthesized as an additive for increasing CO₂ absorption rates in amine-based post-combustion carbon capture processes (CCS), and its efficacy was verified. 1 was designed for use in a kinetically slow but thermally stable blended solvent, containing the primary amines 1-amino-2-propanol (A2P) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP). Together, the A2P/AMP solvent and 1 reduce the overall energy penalty associated with CO₂ capture from coal-derived flue gas, relative to the baseline solvent MEA. 1 is also effective at increasing absorption kinetics of kinetically fast solvents, such …

Thermal Degradation Pathways Of Aqueous Diamine Co2 Capture Solvents, Jesse Thompson, Henry Richburg, Kunlei Liu

Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty and Staff Publications

Diamines have shown promise as CO₂ capture solvents, yet very little is known about their pathway for thermal degradation. In this study, diamine thermal degradation was quantitatively monitored in lab-scale experiments on four aqueous diamine solvents; ethylenediamine (EDA) 1,2-propanediamine (1,2-DAP), 1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP) and N-methyl-1,2-ethanediamine (NMEDA), to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their degradation pathway(s). The major degradation products were identified by high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). Degradation pathways were proposed showing that the primary thermal degradation route for this class of amine are through carbamate formation followed by intermolecular cyclization to form an imidazolidinone or nucleophilic attack …

Solubility And Thermodynamic Modeling Of Carcinogenic Nitrosamines In Aqueous Amine Solvents For Co2 Capture, Jesse Thompson, Naser Matin, Kunlei Liu

Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty and Staff Publications

A better understanding of key fundamental properties of nitrosamines, including their solubility in aqueous amine solvents, is needed to understand and accurately model the vapor-phase emission levels from operating CO₂ capture systems. In this work, the first experimental Henry's volatility coefficient of a nitrosamine was obtained with a novel method using static headspace solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The experimentally determined Henry's volatility coefficient of nitrosopyrrolidine (NPY) was found to be around 0.02 (dimensionless) at 25 °C, and falls in the range of a semi-volatile compound. A linear temperature dependency of the Henry's …

Thermal Swing Membrane Based Method For Co2 Capture From Flue Gas, Mukesh Kumar Kamad

Theses

Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas and a major contributor to global warming, is released in large amounts by flue gases. To limit climate change, such CO₂ emissions have to be reduced, CO₂ captured and sequestered. Conventional monoethanolamine (MEA)-based absorption techniques are costly due to high capital cost and high energy consumption since the absorbent has to be regenerated at a high temperature ~ 120°C. A temperature swing membrane absorption (TSMAB) process was described by Mulukutla et al. (2015) using a novel membrane contactor, novel absorbents and a cyclic process. In this device, the absorbent is on the shell …

A Membrane Approach To Co2 Capture, Richard W. Baker, Brice Freeman, Tim Merkel

CO2 Summit III: Pathways to Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Deployment

For the past eight years, Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. (MTR) sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, has been developing membrane technology to capture CO2 from power plant flue gas. A 20 ton/day test system has been built and operated at two field sites. The technology is moving to the 200 ton/day (10 MWe) demonstration scale. A block diagram of the MTR process is shown in Figure 1. One innovation of this process is the use of a two-step membrane design where the second step uses a membrane operating with air sweep to selectively recycle CO2 to the boiler. …

Adsorption Processes For Co2 Capture: An Overview, Paul Webley, Ranjeet Singh, Penny Xiao

CO2 Summit III: Pathways to Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Deployment

Adsorption processes for CO2 capture have gained significant attention in the last decade with hundreds of reports on new adsorbents and processes for capture and removal of carbon dioxide from a range of gas streams. To date, the only commercial examples are removal of trace carbon dioxide in gas streams such as LNG and ASU upstream molecular sieve units. There are no commercial examples of the use of adsorbents to capture carbon dioxide by adsorption processes and deliver a stream of high purity carbon dioxide for sequestration or further processing. In this study, we present the range of processing options …

Engineering Advanced Adsorbent Materials For Co₂ Capture Applications, Harshul Thakkar

Doctoral Dissertations

"Global climate change due to the increasing CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere is primarily associated with anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. CO₂ capture technologies using adsorbents have not been implemented commercially due to lack of scalable, practical and cost-effective strategies and are still under development. Moreover, the use of conventional configurations such as pellets and beads for the removal of CO₂ from enclosed environments have been shown to impose limitations to the removal efficiency and system performance. In this dissertation, engineering of advanced and efficient structured adsorbents for practical and scalable CO₂ capture technologies and their use …

Scale-Up Effects Of Co2 Capture By Methylethanolamine (Mdea) Solutions In Terms Of Loading Capacity, João F. Gomes

João F Gomes

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Physical Adsorbents For Post-Combustion Co2 Capture, Youssef Belmabkhout

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

CO₂ capture using physical adsorbents such as activated carbon, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted a lot of attention because of the technical capability of adsorption technology using such separation agents to retrofit the energy demanding liquid amine scrubbing process. Nevertheless, this will be conceivable only if the separation agents (adsorbents) in question fulfil many unambiguous attributes in terms of porosity, CO₂ affinity, kinetics, energetics, stability, throughout the right capture mechanism, in addition to the adsorbents cost.

In this paper we report recent study about the evaluation of physical adsorbents for CO₂ capture from simulated flue …

Metallic Membranes For N2 Separation & Post-Combustion Co2 Capture Improvement, Simona Liguori, Kyoungjin Lee, Jennifer Wilcox

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Carbon (CO₂) capture represents an important role in the reduction greenhouse gas emissions. Among various CO₂ capture technologies currently investigated, post-combustion capture allows for the retrofitting of existing plants and industrial units. Today, the amine scrubbing is considered the most competitive method for CO₂ removal in the flue gases from power plants in comparison to other technologies. Nevertheless, recent work has shown that the energy requirement for solvent recovery can decrease the overall efficiency of the power plants up to 16%¹. Moreover, additional costs may occur in the solvent absorption technology because of solvent …

Using Geologic Co2 Storage For Enhanced Geothermal Energy And Water Recovery And Energy Storage, Thomas Buscheck, Jeffrey Bielicki, Jimmy Randolph

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Reductions in CO₂ emissions at a scale consistent with limiting the increase in the global average temperature to below 2oC above pre-industrial levels requires a range of measures, including increased use of renewable and low-carbon energy and reduced CO₂ intensity of fossil energy use, with each of these measures having major deployment barriers. The variability of the predominant renewable resources (wind and solar) requires major advances in utility-scale diurnal-to-seasonal energy storage. Base-load energy, such as nuclear, that cannot be cycled during periods of over-generation will have difficulty co-existing on electric grids with a large presence of variable renewables. …

Combined Magnesium Oxide/Water Gas Shift-Based Co2 Capture Process, Santosh Ganwal

CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities

Southern Research is developing a combined magnesium oxide (MgO) CO₂ sorbent/water gas shift (WGS)-catalyst-based CO₂ capture process for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. A heat-exchanger reactor with a highly efficient heat management capability is being developed for simultaneous CO₂ capture and WGS to convert CO to CO₂ and H₂ and capture more than 90 % or more of the carbon from coal gasifier syngas. Simultaneous heat management and reaction allows the maintenance of thermodynamically favorable reaction temperatures for both steps. Also, by simultaneously converting the CO to CO₂ over the shift catalyst, …

Mitigating Transients And Azeotropes During Natural Gas Processing, Edris Ebrahimzadeh

Theses and Dissertations

Cryogenic carbon capture process can be used to efficiently eliminate CO2 emissions from fossil-fueled power plants. The energy-storing embodiment of cryogenic carbon capture (ES-CCC) integrates energy storage with cryogenic carbon capture and uses natural gas as a refrigerant. ES-CCC captures CO2 from slowly varying or steady-state sources even as it absorbs and replaces large amounts of energy on the grid for energy storage. These large transients occur in the LNG generation as the process moves through energy storing to energy recovery operations. Additionally, raw natural gas often includes CO2 that forms an azeotrope with ethane. Breaking this azeotrope and separating …

Investigation Of Degradation Of Amine Sorbent, Elijah Arendt

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of amine-grafted sorbents, specifically when they are degraded at 120°C. This study varied the amine source and the amount of it in the sorbent. The additive type and the amount of it was also manipulated. The performance of sorbents is characterized by CO₂ capture capacity, which is the amount (in mmol) of CO₂ captured per gram of sorbent at 40°C. The best performing sorbents are ones that maintain their CO₂ capture capacity after degradation. When the amount of additive was manipulated, the sorbents containing 2% b.w. and …

Tailoring The Pore Environment Of Metal-Organic And Molecular Materials Decorated With Inorganic Anions: Platforms For Highly Selective Carbon Capture, Patrick Stephen Nugent

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Due to their high surface areas and structural tunability, porous metal-organic materials, MOMs, have attracted wide research interest in areas such as carbon capture, as the judicious choice of molecular building block (MBB) and linker facilitates the design of MOMs with myriad topologies and allows for a systematic variation of the pore environment. Families of MOMs with modular components, i.e. MOM platforms, are eminently suitable for targeting the selective adsorption of guest molecules such as CO₂ because their pore size and pore functionality can each be tailored independently. MOMs with saturated metal centers (SMCs) that promote strong yet reversible …

An Overview Of Solvent Management And Emissions Of Amine-Based Co2 Capture Technology

Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya

Increasing global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are a rising concern for the global climate change. Amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) technology is one of the mature options to contribute to the mitigation of these emissions. The technology is approaching toward its commercialization. However, there are two important problems, which should properly be addressed, solvent management and the amine-based PCC emissions. Major losses in amines are due to the oxidative and thermal degradation. Concentration of oxygen (O-2) is the driving force for the oxidation. Temperature, CO2 loading and amine concentration affect both thermal and oxidative degradation. This manuscript reviews solvent selection, …

Planning Of Methane Emission Control From Hoggery Using An Inexact Two-Stage Optimization Model., Wei-Hsin Chen

Wei-Hsin Chen

No abstract provided.

Co2 Conversion For Syngas Production In Methane Catalytic Partial Oxidation., Wei-Hsin Chen

Wei-Hsin Chen

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Transient Co2 Transport In Two Convecting Aerosol Droplets In Tandem, Wei-Hsin Chen

Wei-Hsin Chen

No abstract provided.

Choosing Amine Based Absorbents For Co2 Capturedoi: 10.1080/09593330.2014.934742, João F. Gomes

João F Gomes

CO2 capture from gaseous effluents is one of the great challenges faced by chemical and environmental engineering, as the increase of CO2 levels in the Earth atmosphere might be responsible for dramatic climate changes. From the existing capture technologies, the only proven and mature technology is chemical absorption using aqueous amine solutions. However, bearing in mind that this process is somewhat expensive, it is important to choose the most efficient and, at the same time, the least expensive solvents. For this purpose, a pilot test facility was assembled and includes an absorption column, as well as a stripping column, an …

Carbon Dioxide Capture By Single Droplet Using Selexol, Rectisol And Water As Absorbents: A Theoretical Approach, Wei-Hsin Chen

Wei-Hsin Chen

No abstract provided.

Numerical Prediction Ofco2capture Process Byasingle Droplet Inalkaline Spray, Wei-Hsin Chen

Wei-Hsin Chen

No abstract provided.

A Novel Mixed Metallic Oxygen Carrier For Chemical Looping Combustion: Preparation, Characterization And Kinetic Modeling, Mohammad Rezwanul Quddus

Mohammad Rezwanul Quddus

In last decades, significant concerns have been raised regarding the global warming effect. To date, about one-third of the total anthropogenic CO2 emission results from power generation using fossil based fuel and CO2 is the main contributor to global warming. Therefore, technologies for efficient capture of CO2 are becoming of great value. In this respect, Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) has received significant attention as a promising technology facilitating concurrent CO2 capture and power generation. This non-conventional technique employs a solid carrier, known as oxygen carrier, to supply oxygen and facilitates combustion process in absence of N2 diluted air. Therefore, the combustion …