Engineering Commons^™

Numerical Analysis Of The Effect Of Vortex Generator On The Aerodynamic Performance Of Naca 6412 Airfoils Using Large Eddy Simulation, Dedet Hermawan Setiabudi, Joan Bayuaji Nugroho, Eli Kumolosari, Lazuardy Rahendra Pinandhita, Okto Dinaryanto

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Aerodynamic performance of an airfoil is significantly affected by flow separation, especially at high angles of attack. One common strategy to control flow separation is adding a triangular vortex generator (VG), which creates small vortices that help keep the airflow attached. The present study investigated the impact of triangular vortex generators on a NACA 6412 airfoil using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was applied due to its ability to show the vortices more clearly than other methods. It can also accurately capture the flow separation. To obtain the lift, drag, and lift-to-drag ratio (CL/CD) data, four …

The Effect Of Heat Treatment Duration On The Psychochemical, Mechanical, And Biodegradability Of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Gambir Extract Biocomposite Films, Ainul Kahfi Muhlasin, Poppy Puspitasari, Heru Suryanto, Diki Dwi Pramono, Dieter Rahmadiawan, Billie Jack Pasion

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

This study investigates PVA-based films with the addition of gambir and heat treatment to improve the characteristics of the film. Methods include the synthesis of PVA film with gambir addition (0.5%), treated by heat treatment for 40 minutes and 60 minutes. The film was characterised by physicochemical, mechanical properties, and biodegradability. Data was analyzed using ANOVA with a significance of 95%. Results indicate that the surface of PVA/gambir films is smoother and more homogeneous as the heat treatment duration increases. New peaks of functional groups were identified after the addition of gambir at the C-C and C-O groups. After heat …

Analysis Of Engine Parameters Of High Composition Palm Oil Biodiesel In Crdi System, Achmad Aminudin, Kelvin Dwi Wardana, Nanang Romandoni, Ahmad Yusril Aminullah, Nur Ihda Farikhatin Nisa, Hari Setiapraja

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The heavy reliance on fossil fuels has serious consequences, particularly regarding increased greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. In order to obtain cleaner fuel resources and reduce fossil fuel dependence, palm oil biodiesel is added to fossil diesel by volume ratio resulting in B50 and B55 blends. Combustion characteristics, performance, fuel consumption, and emissions were performed in a diesel engine with a 4-cylinder common rail direct injection (CRDI) at different engine speeds (1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm). Compared to fossil diesel, biodiesel blends exhibit higher density at 855.9 kg/m³ (B55), kinematic viscosity with a value of 5.1 …

Surface Modification Of Local Natural Fibers Via Alkali Treatment For Improved Mechanical And Molecular Properties Of Bamboo Fiber, Pineapple Leaf Fiber, And Sisal Fiber, Jibril Maulana, Muhammad Ilman Nur Sasongko, Dewi Izzatus Tsamroh, Muchammad Yafis, Syekhan Maulana

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

A major development in materials science toward reinforcement materials in biopolymer composites has been caused by a worldwide trend toward sustainable manufacturing and the rise of the circular economy. However, their mechanical properties can often be affected by their hydrophilic properties, lack of surface compatibility, and their presence of molecular bonding, such as lignin and hemicellulose. Alkaline surface modification has been widely reported as an effective technique to increase structural stability and fibermatrix adhesion. This study evaluated the effects of alkalizing three types of local natural fibers—bamboo fiber (BF), pineapple leaf fiber (PALF), and sisal (SF)—with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at …

Ai-Driven Innovations For Sustainable Healthcare Architecture In Developing Countries And Remote Areas: Enhancing Efficiency Through Futuristic Design, Esraa Elazab, Ahmed Eltawil

HBRC Journal

Access to healthcare in developing countries and remote areas remains a critical challenge due to geographic isolation, inadequate infrastructure, and limited medical resources. Communities in these regions face significant barriers in obtaining timely and adequate healthcare services, exacerbating public health issues. In response, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology, offering solutions that enhance healthcare systems by optimizing operational workflows, reducing human error, and improving resource management. When combined with sustainable design principles, AI-driven innovations provide a comprehensive approach to healthcare access and environmental sustainability. This paper presents a conceptual design proposal for a futuristic healthcare station aimed …

Best Practice Guidelines For Drafting Arbitration Clauses In Construction Contracts, Mohamed Abdel-Monem, Haitham Amer, Karim El Dash

HBRC Journal

Arbitration is a widely recognized method for resolving construction disputes, relying on the parties' mutual agreement and the enforceability of well-drafted clauses. This study examines the key elements that contribute to the effectiveness and validity of arbitration clauses in construction contracts. The aim is to provide practical drafting guidelines and a validated practitioner checklist. The research combined a comprehensive literature review, expert interviews, a pilot and final questionnaire survey involving 49 legal and engineering professionals, and real-world case study analyses. Data validation and thematic analysis were used to identify critical factors influencing the clarity, enforceability, and efficiency of arbitration clauses. …

Cycling Network Planning Through Urban Form Analysis: A Contextual Gis Model, Nora Osama Ahmed, Rania Adham Sayed, Mona Mahrous Abdel Wahed

HBRC Journal

Promoting cycling as a sustainable mode of urban mobility requires a deep understanding of how urban form influences cyclists’ route choices. This study investigates the influence of urban form on cyclists’ route selection in an attempt to enhance context-sensitive cycling network planning. Five factors of urban form density, transportation infrastructure, housing/building type, land use, and street layout are examined to determine if any of them have a contributing factor to route selection. Based on an extensive review of the literature, the research develops an Urban Form–Cyclist Route Priority Matrix (UF-CRP Matrix) that categorizes urban conditions into three levels of desirability …

Performance Evaluation Of Sustainable Hot Mix Asphalt Using Construction Waste Materials, Mohamed A. Zaid, Ahmed E. Abu El-Maaty, Mohamed S. Ouf

HBRC Journal

This study aims to enhance sustainability, reduce environmental impact, minimize rutting, and improve performance by evaluating the use of construction material wastes. Ceramic waste powder (CWP), brick waste powder (BWP), and glass waste powder (GWP) were used as alternative fillers to conventional dolomite powder (DP) in hot-mix asphalt (HMA). The research investigates the effectiveness of these waste materials in improving asphalt performance, with the filler percentage fully replaced by these alternatives. Marshall Stability (MS), Marshall Quotient (MQ), moisture susceptibility, indirect tensile strength (IDT), and wheel tracking tests (WTT) were conducted to evaluate the impact of these waste materials on asphalt …

Eco Friendly Synthesis Of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles From Orange Peel Extract And Its Antimicrobial Studies, Rehab G. Hassan, Marwa M. El-Tyieb, N.Y Mohamed

HBRC Journal

The synthesis and stabilization of CuONPs at room temperature by using an aqueous extract of orange peel are described. The reason for the appearance of UV-vis absorption spectra peak at (∼439 nm) may be given as the evidence for forming CuONPs. In general, the XRD spectrum of the CuONPs agrees with the previous studies for Cu metal. Transmission Electron Microscopy exhibits irregular crystalline particles. Thus, the average particle size is ∼17 nm. CuONPs have shown potent bactericidal activities. The prepared CuONPs were applied against four pathogenic bacterial strains and three fungal strains as an antimicrobial agent. The inhibition growth zone …

Curved Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls (Msews) Behavior From Field Measurements And Numerical Analysis, Ahmed M. El-Hanafy, G. E Abdelrahman, Y. G Youssef, A. E Abdeltawab

HBRC Journal

Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls (MSEWs) are widely used for their ease of construction and cost-effectiveness. Current design equations primarily focus on two-dimensional approaches for straight sections, overlooking the unique challenges posed by curved sections. This study investigates the behaviour of convex curved sections in MSE walls under various factors. Field measurements were conducted on block-type MSE walls with a convex curved section to address gaps in design criteria. Measurements included lateral displacements and strain behaviour at different curve locations, with data collected from the curve start, centreline, and a straight section. The results revealed that horizontal displacements and strains were …

Performance Of Reinforced Soft Soil Using Geogrid-Encased Granular Piles Under An Embankment, Mohamed Elsawy

HBRC Journal

Geosynthetic encasements are used to promote the water outlet and reinforcement efficiency of stone piles in weak soil. The current study focuses on simulating an embankment with field measurements built on soft soil improved by conventional stone piles (CSPs). Both 3D and 2D plane strain models were employed to model various embankment components. The granular piles were improved with geosynthetic materials to evaluate the encasement leverage on the stone piles performance in soft soil. Consolidation process was conducted to examine the reinforced clay behavior at long-term conditions. The finite element analyses findings indicated good matching with field measurements for soft …

Cost Analysis For The Application Of Recycled Materials In Road Subgrade Layer: A Case Study In Egypt, Norhan Sayed Zayed, Anwar B. Badawy Abo-Sena, Tarek M. Attia, Alaa Ahmed

HBRC Journal

Egypt’s construction industry has lately experienced rapid growth, particularly for infrastructure and road projects. This expansion has exacerbated a pressing issue: the accumulation of Construction and Demolish Wastes (CDW). To tackle this challenge, there is a growing proposal to recycle CDW in construction projects. This research aims to assess the economic and environmental implications of integrating recycled materials into road subgrade layers, contrasting their benefits with those of natural materials. The research methodology involved a comprehensive analysis of subgrade material characteristics based on Egyptian code requirements. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts …

Investigating Affordability Of Eco Housing With Ceb And Clustered Urban Form, Mohammad Fahmy, Ayman Ibrahim, Omar Galal

HBRC Journal

This study examines the affordability of eco-housing through the integration of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) and clustered urban form. It hypothesizes that the combined approach of sustainable building materials and climate-responsive neighbourhood planning enhances cost and energy efficiency while maintaining social housing accessibility. By assessing economic feasibility alongside environmental and urban design strategies, the research aims to provide insights into sustainable solutions towards future urban developments and a 5th generation for Egyptian cities. Computational simulations utilizing ENVI-met for urban microclimate assessment and Design Builder for indoor environment evaluation demonstrated improved results for outdoor and indoor environments. For outdoor assessment, design …

The Squeezed Middle: Housing Affordability Challenges, Nazli Dongez, Almula Koksal

HBRC Journal

Neoliberalism has deepened economic inequality, which is now spreading globally. Even though this economic inequality affects mostly lower-income households, international reports show that inequality has spread to the middle-income group. The decline in the purchasing power of the middle-income group has led to the issue of housing affordability, referred to as the squeezed middle-income group. Despite the global scope of this problem, only a limited number of academic studies have conducted a comprehensive assessment. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the problem of housing affordability for the middle-income group. The study employed the systematic literature review method. The Web of …

Correlations Between Geotechnical Parameters And Electrical Resistivity For Limestone At Beni Suef, Egypt, Gihan E. Abdelrahman, Elsayed A. Issawy, Walid I. Hammad, Ahmed A. Moheb

HBRC Journal

This study presents an integrated geotechnical–geophysical investigation of limestone formations in Ezbet Deir El-Hadid, Egypt. The research combines conventional geotechnical testing with two-dimensional (2D) electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to develop a cost-effective subsurface characterization methodology. Forty-one boreholes (15–30 m depth) provided direct measurements of unconfined compressive strength (q_u) and rock quality designation (RQD), while twenty-five ERT profiles enabled spatial resistivity mapping. Three distinct geological conditions were identified: (1) intact limestone exhibiting resistivity of 21–602 Ω·m, (2) water-saturated zones with reduced resistivity (14–37 Ω·m), and (3) cavities showing higher resistivity (1,038–4,035 Ω·m). An optimized investigation protocol …

Factors Affecting The Cost Of Dynamic Architecture During The Execution Phase, Lamiaa Mohamed Said Elsherif, Eman N. Shaqour, Abdullah Badawy Mohammed, Sherif Mohamed Sabry El Attar

HBRC Journal

This study is part of a larger study on the factors affecting the cost of dynamic architecture during three phases (design, execution and operation), A research paper on the design phase has been published. and we will specialize in this research by studying the execution phase.

This research study is based on identifying the main factors affecting the cost of dynamic, buildings by conducting a questionnaire and analyzing it statistically by using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. To get to the definition of dynamic architecture and Types of movement directions in dynamic buildings.

By studying each of the principles of movement …

Assessment Of Urban Resiliance By Using (Ahp) In Relation With (Anp), Sara Mahmood Al-Jawari

HBRC Journal

Urban resilience is an important part of the sustainable urban development agenda, providing a proactive approach to the growing challenges within cities and making them more responsive and safer for the future. Therefore, the research problem was to ask: How can the integration of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytical Network Process (ANP) be used to determine which cities have the most resilient systems in the event of an emergency? It is assumed that the use of integration between the AHP and ANP will facilitate the initial assessment of the resilience of city systems and the development of policies …

Users’ Expectations Of The Water Element As A Recreational Feature On University Campuses, Zubaidah Nadhem Mahmood Alzubaidi, Gökçen Firdevs Yücel Caymaz

HBRC Journal

Water is an important element in campus landscaping. Hence the importance of the lake opposite the Department of Architecture at the University of Mosul. However, the lake and its surroundings are currently neglected and in need of development. But any development must consider the expectations of the users, as the lake is there for them. Therefore, the research aims to identify users’ expectations of the lake as a recreational element on the campus, which can be used in any development of the lake. To this end, the literature review identified several characteristics related to the lake, such as size, movement, …

The Criteria For Identifying The Memory Of The City In Valuable Parks: Happy Land Park In Mansoura City, Esraa Ahmed Mansour, Esraa Mohamed Elazab, Sherif Ahmed Sheta

HBRC Journal

Urban memory is a complex phenomenon that develops gradually within the urban environment. However, the rapid physical changes required by today’s fast-paced world often led to the destruction of recognizable urban elements. These changes also create unfamiliar settings and erode many intangible experiences, including both positive and negative memories. Research shows that parks are among the most influential urban spaces in shaping collective memory. Even Egyptian parks designated as heritage sites suffer greatly. This status has not always ensured the preservation of their unique character. This highlights the need to review and strengthen protective laws to better maintain these parks …

A Classification Framework For Egyptian Governorates According To Strategic Plan Implementation Requirements, Noor El Hoda Hamdy, Sammy Amin Ammer, Walid Nabil Bayomi

HBRC Journal

The implementation of strategic plans varies across regions based on their developmental typologies and the distribution of economic, natural, and human resources. This study explores differentiated approaches to strategic plan implementation by identifying typologies of development management, their mechanisms, and criteria for application. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks and global experiences, the research employs a comparative methodology to align the requirements of each development management model with the socio-economic and administrative characteristics of various Egyptian governorates. It further examines the prerequisites and success factors of each model, highlighting the suitability of each region. Key findings include the development of a novel …

Experimental Study On The Improvement Of Bearing Capacity Of Soft Clay By Using Reinforced Sand Cushion Resting On Encased Stone Columns, Gihan Elsayed Abdelrahman, Youssef Gomaa Youssef, Mahmoud Eid Abd

HBRC Journal

Soft clay deposits present challenges such as high settlement and low bearing capacity in construction projects. Various techniques, including stone columns and encased stone columns, have been developed to reduce settlement and enhance bearing capacity in soft clay soils having cohesion (Cu) less than 25 KPa. This research investigates the use of ordinary stone columns and encased stone columns through experimental modeling. Additionally, the study aims to enhance the bearing capacity of soft clay soil by using reinforced sand cushion resting on encased stone columns. A series of tests were conducted with various parameters such as geosynthetic materials, column diameter, …

Assessment Of The Relationship Between Performance Attributes And The Social Sustainability Framework Of Construction Projects, Van Luy Tong, Truong Van Luu

HBRC Journal

The study addresses the missing aspect of assessing social sustainability in construction project performance evaluation. While environmental and economic aspects have been widely considered, social sustainability remains largely unexplored. The study seeks to analyze whether 11 performance attributes (including 5 short-term project performance attributes and 6 long-term project performance attributes) in the construction project performance model being implemented in Vietnam reflect social sustainability in construction projects. The study applies structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationship between these 11 performance attributes and the social sustainability criteria framework. A questionnaire was designed to collect data from stakeholders involved in construction …

Geophysical Characterization Of Soil Properties For Infrastructure Development: A Ves Study At The Awfi City Electrical Station, Babylon, Iraq, Amer Atyah Al-Khalidy, Qassim Abed Al-Tamimi, Hussein Kh. Chlaib, Amer J. Al-Khafaji

HBRC Journal

An electrical resistivity survey was conducted for the proposed Secondary Transformer Electrical Station project in Awfi City, Babylon Governorate, Iraq. Seven vertical electrical sounding (VES) profiles were acquired using the Schlumberger array with a spacing of 25 meters. The interpretation revealed 4 to 5 geoelectrical zones at each station, indicating significant variations in resistivity with depth. Low resistivity values (as low as 0.2 Ω.m at Station 4) correspond to clay-rich layers saturated with saline groundwater, typically increasing in concentration with depth. In contrast, high resistivity values (up to 36.3 Ω.m at Station 4) are associated with silt and …

High User Perception Of The Social Housing Of The State Intervenor In The South Suburban Zone, Tamaulipas, Mexico, Laura Del Carmen Moreno-Chimely, Yolanda Guadalupe Aranda-Jiménez, Carlos Alberto Fuentes-Pérez

HBRC Journal

Uninhabited social housing in the Southern Conurbation Zone of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico (Tampico, Altamira) reflects 21.19%. Currently 11.32% is located in Altamira in subdivisions built by the private sector during the facilitator state. The social housing of the public sector of the intervenor state by governmental institutions such as INFONAVIT and FOVISSSTE, located in Tampico with more than 50 years old are almost entirely inhabited even with deteriorated constructive characteristics and economic depreciation. The objective of the research is to analyze the perception of the users of the housing state intervenor prior to 1992 and state facilitator 1993–2010 …

Sulfurized Serpentine And Perovskite Assisted Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanocomposites For Photocatalytic Green Hydrogen Production, Yahia Alanizan

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Green hydrogen production has received great attention in recent years as a solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions resulted by burning fossil fuels. This thesis focuses on development of photocatalytic water splitting green hydrogen production under visible light irradiation of g-C3N4 based sulfurized naturally occurring serpentine rock and oxysulfide perovskite nanocomposites. This work reveals the effect of partial sulfurization of co-catalysts to boost charge generation, charge transfer, and light absorption. The presented work determined the potential of sulfurizing naturally occurring rocks and minerals acting as support and enhanced co-catalysts that exhibit narrower band gaps, with sulfur rich sites for visible …

Blind Medical Image Watermarking Method Using Combined Nsct/2d-Dct Domains, Ali Kouadri, Ali Benziane, Abdelhalim Rabehi, Mohamed Lebcir

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

This paper presents a novel blind watermarking framework that combines Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) and 2D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domains. The proposed method embeds the watermark’s data within low-frequency coefficients of sub-vectors extracted from a concatenated NSCT/2D-DCT transforms processing. The embedding procedure involves simple differential processing which ensures a straightforward watermark extraction. Extensive testing across medical imaging modalities (X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound) confirmed strong imperceptibility and robustness against attacks like JPEG compression, noise, filtering, and geometric manipulations. Compared to contemporary techniques, our NSCT/2D-DCT method shows stronger robustness against attacks without compromising diagnostic quality, proving its viability for medical image …

The Environmental Integration - An Introduction To The Sustainability Of The Urban Heritage Of Nubia (Applied To Gharb Suhail), Ahmed Mohamed Said Elsaadany

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The Nubia region is an important historical and cultural place, as it is distinguished by a unique architectural heritage. The influence of the surrounding environment on the designs of buildings and structures in this region is evident. Traditional architecture arose spontaneously over long periods of time, but it was essentially based on correct scientific concepts. The architecture of Nubia in southern Egypt, which is located on the banks of the Nile River, was a mud architecture that used natural building materials from the environment influenced by Ancient Egyptian architecture, some influences from Islamic architecture represented in privacy and courtyard in …

Upcycling Carbide Slag Waste For Low-Temperature Co2 Sequestration: Direct Application And Adsorption After Chemical Alteration, Manisha Sukhraj Kothari

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Excessive carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and large-scale industrial waste generation are the results of rapid industrialization and ever-increasing energy demand. The recent trend of repurposing waste materials for pollution prevention is a promising approach to address both these environmental challenges. One such industrial waste residue generated from acetylene gas production is called carbide slag (CS). Its high Ca(OH)₂ content presents a promising opportunity for its utilization in CO₂ sequestration. However, CS waste is primarily studied as a CaO source for the intensive Ca-looping process. Despite the great potential, the high temperature requirements of the Ca-looping process limit its industrial application. …

An Enhanced Cyber Security For Finger Knuckle Print Recognition System Using Rubik’S Cube With Rabbit Encryption Algorithm, Haitham Salman Chyad, Tarek Abbes

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

Cybersecurity in biometric systems is an urgent requirement due to their increasing use in identity verification, especially in smartphones, surveillance systems, and electronic transactions. These systems depend on distinctive and immutable biological features, such as fingerprints, Knuckles and facial features, making them potential targets for cyberattacks. In this context, the need to develop advanced security mechanisms, including encryption, forgery detection, and multi-factor authentication, has emerged to guarantee the confidentiality of biometric data and protect it from identity theft or manipulation. This trend emphasizes the need to integrate cybersecurity and biometric technologies to secure and ensure the reliability of systems in …

Fluorosilane-Induced Softening And Collapse Of Micropillar Arrays, Gabriela Moreira Lana, Maja Fehlberg, Petra Herbeck-Engel, Gisela Heppe, Raimund Schlüßler, Torsten Jähnke, Eduard Arzt, Roland Bennewitz

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Replica molding is a widely used technique for the fabrication of polymer microstructures. As structural dimensions decrease, anti-stick surface treatment of the mold becomes increasingly critical to ensure clean demolding and preserve structural integrity. We fabricated arrays of micropillars with 20 µm diameter and 60 µm height using medical-grade polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), MDX4-4210, and observed a high fraction of collapsed pillars for the first molding after fluorosilanization of the mold to reduce sticking. To address this issue, we systematically investigated the surface treatment protocol for the molds, made from the PDMS Sylgard 184. We provide results from complementary measurement methods, to …