Engineering Commons^™

Effect Of The Multi-Elements On The Aerodynamic Performance Of Airfoil, Shereen Sibie, Tayeb Brahimi

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

The design of an airfoil in the wind turbine and optimizing the blades is fundamental in a wind turbine aerodynamic performance. In this paper, the effect of the multiple multi-elements on the aerodynamic performance of airfoil is investigated. These multi-element configurations are expected to offer better performance of the wind turbine by maximizing the lift and drag coefficients. Based on the case studies analysis, the multi-elements have shown that the modified design results in high values of the power coefficient at low-speed ratios. This effect is attributed to the cancelation of the negative torque on the turbine rotor observed at …

Calculating The Radius Of The Earth Using Sunset Method: Comparison With Al-BīRūNi Method, Jana Kamal, Tayeb Brahimi

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

This paper attempts to compare the earth's radius calculation based on the sunset or sunrise (moonset or moonrise) with the Method developed by the scientist Al-Bīrūni. The sunset sunrise method is used to calculate the earth radius by standing in front of a flat horizontal plane. In addition, the authors have use Al-Bīrūni's rule to calculate the radius. Furthermore, the error percent of both Al-Bīrūni and the sunset sunrise method were calculated as well. The results showed that the earth actual radius is 6371 km. Eratosthenes radius which is 6366 km is the closest to the actual earth radius, then …

Fundus Retinal Images And Glaucoma Detection, Lama Alsabban, Malak Alnahdi, Nema Salem

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

Abstract. Glaucoma is a severe eye disease that has no symptoms and, globally, it is the second cause of blindness. Glaucoma causes structural changes in the retina that make ophthalmologists detecting the disease in early stage and thus provide the suitable treatment. Fundus camera is an imaging technique that provides the fundus image showing the internal structure of retina. Our project provides an automated system for early detection of Glaucoma. The proposed system based MATLAB starts by acquiring the fundus image, followed by preprocessing stage, going through noise removal, enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction and ends up by the classification stage. …

A Wireless Flex Sensors Based Man-Machine Interface, Maram F. Badkook, Razan A. Alshehri, Saeed Qaiser

Effat Undergraduate Research Journal

Abstract. The recent technological advancements are focusing on developing the smart systems to facilitate the subscribers and to improve their lifestyle. The machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence are becoming the elementary tools, which are used in the establishment of modern smart systems across the globe. In this study, a flex sensors-based Man to Machine Interface (MMI) is proposed. It is beneficial for a category of people with reduced mobility or special needs like deaf, dumb, parallelized, etc. The system prototype is realized by using an array of flex sensors and a front-end processor, wirelessly connected to the central processing …

Role Of Fluid-Structure Interactions In Mechanosensation During Hovering Flapping Flight, Menglong Lei, Chengyu Li

Faculty Scholarship

Insect wings, known for their intricate structure and function, inherently deform during flapping motion. These deformations can be classified into chordwise cambering, spanwise bending, and root-to-tip twisting, arising from non-uniform venation distribution, aerodynamic loading, and wing inertia. Crucially, such deformations play a vital role in enhancing both aerodynamic performance and mechanosensory function. To investigate the complex interplay between wing structure, unsteady aerodynamics, and mechanosensation, we developed a fully coupled three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) solver. This framework integrates an in-house Navier-Stokes equations solver for resolving the flow field with the open-source Vega FEM code to solve the solid structure dynamics. Our …

Design Of Real-Flight-Path Tracking Control Of Quadrotor, Moataz Aly Sabry

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

This thesis presents the design and development of an advanced real-time flight path tracking control system for a quadrotor, specifically aimed at accurately following a moving ground object such as a rover. The primary focus is on addressing challenges associated with precise tracking in dynamic and unpredictable environments, including real-time communication between the drone and the rover, rapid response to environmental changes, and maintaining control of the quadrotor’s altitude, yaw, pitch, and roll.
To achieve these objectives, the study explores the application of mathematical models based on ordinary differential equations, incorporating delay elements to simulate the real-time behaviour of the …

Retracted: Data Envelopment Analysis Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis And Bootstrap Confidence Intervals, Fahad F. Alqahtani

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

Evaluating company growth potential has moved away from traditional financial focused ratios and ratios analysis that has origins in the early twentieth-century economics. However, these conventional methods might not be accurate in measuring such efficient factors as this combined proposed framework of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and improved mathematical models do. The present research focuses on the prospect of growth of companies through evaluating the performance of 40 DMUs in terms of efficiency DEA and MMTs. DEA is used to determine the efficient DMUs while SFA underline the factors such as investment on research and development, effective marketing strategies and …

A Hybrid Technique For Approximating The Solution Of Fractional Order Partial Integro-Differential Equations, Ahmed K. Mohsin, Fajir A. Abdulkhaleq, Osama H. Mohammed

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

In this paper, we discuss the numerical solution of fractional order partial integro-differential equations. The type of fractional derivative used is a Caputo derivative. The method proposed in this paper known as transform optimal perturbation iteration method. This method combines the optimal perturbation iteration method and the Laplace transform in order to converge to the exact solution. The proposed method is highly efficient and provides the means of controlling the approximate solutions convergence. Illustrative examples prove that the suggested approach is very accurate when compared with the exact solution and the results of the existing methods.

Spatial Distribution Of The Bankfull Discharge Recurrence Interval Across Tennessee, Usa, Brayden P. Flanagan

Honors Theses

Stream restoration and water resources engineers use a wide variety of hydrological tools and refer to multiple databases to determine accurate watershed and stream characteristics required for site assessment and restoration projects. Regional curves provide significant watershed and stream data that stream restoration engineers use in various restoration projects. However, developing these curves is time-consuming, costly, and complex, as data collection and validation require extensive field studies at multiple sites within the restoration areas. This study evaluates whether pertinent information on regional curves and streamflow frequency could be combined to provide practical guidance on determining design peak flow discharges for …

Pressure Switch Tester, Michael Starasinich, Andrew Dobson, Jordan Huschen, Mitchell Smith, Melvin Brown Iii

Honors Capstones

Abstract—- The Pressure Switch Test Stand is a comprehensive and automated testing solution designed to streamline the actuation and validation of simultaneously. At the core of the system is a PLC-controlled architecture that enables precise control and simulation of pressure conditions, replicating real-world scenarios to ensure accurate and reliable switch performance.

This test stand integrates robust mechanical fixtures, a reliable pneumatic control system, custom-designed electrical circuits, and a modular software interface, working in unison to deliver consistent and high-fidelity testing outcomes. Each pressure switch undergoes a sequence of pressure ramps and holds, with the system continuously monitoring switch states, activation …

Design And Assembly Of A Lightweight, Multi-Cannula Tetrode Drive For Bilateral Hippocampal And Acc Recordings, Homero Phelps, Jasmine Sidhu, Jonathan V. Trinidad, Talha Soluoku

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Implants and Electrophysiology:

Electrophysiology is the study of the electrical properties of cells and tissues, neuronal implants enable high-resolution recordings of neuron action potentials and their locations in the brain.

Data gathered is key in investigating/mapping cognition and effects of neurological pathologies on regular neural systems.

Hyperdrive Model:

Previous model was restricted to two implant sites, and displayed frequent tetrode deformation

Hyperdrive was modified to support four implant sites and 16 independently movable tetrodes using 3D modeling software, while keeping its weight below 1.5 grams.

Targets:

Researchers targeted the hippocampus (CA1, CA3) and ACC, using the novel bilateral model

A Continuous-Heat-Flux Phase Change Model For Simulating Realistic Two-Phase Unsaturated Evaporation Processes, Thanh Hoang Phan, Cho Ning Huang, Chirag R. Kharangate

Faculty Scholarship

Accurately modeling liquid-vapor mass transfer rates is essential for optimizing cryogenic fluid management processes critical to advancing future space missions. This study introduces a continuous-heat-flux phase change model proposed to simulate conditions observed in realistic two-phase unsaturated evaporation phenomena. The mass transfer rate across the two-phase interface is calculated directly based on the local interfacial continuous heat flux on both liquid and vapor phases, effectively accounting for superheated, saturated, and subcooled liquid effects without requiring any empirical tuning parameters. Moreover, phase change occurs exclusively within interfacial cells, ensuring the sharp representation of deformed evaporating interfaces with high accuracy. The proposed …

Utilizing Uae Date Palm Leaf Ash In Removing Ammoniated Compounds From Reject Brine After The Solvay Process, Hend Mohammed Alsheryani

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

This study addresses the critical challenge of managing ammonia-laden reject brine from desalination plants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where desalination is the primary freshwater source. The environmental impact of brine disposal, particularly ammonia contamination, necessitates the development of sustainable treatment solutions. This research explores the potential of date palm leaf ash (DPLA), an agricultural byproduct, as a low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for ammonia removal, aligning with the UAE’s sustainability and circular economy goals. The study evaluates the ammonia adsorption capacity of DPLA and optimizes its performance through thermal ashing at 750°C and chemical activation using calcium oxide (CaO), …

The Effect Of Boom Leveling On Spray Dispersion, Miguel Bustamante, Juan F. Vivanco, Travis A. Burgers

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Automatic boom height systems reduce the variability of agricultural sprayer boom height. When a boom is not at its target height, this can lead to uneven spray dispersion from the nozzles. Boom heights and sprayer position were previously measured in time for three commercially-available boom leveling systems for three test runs for at least three speeds over each of a mild, medium and rough terrain course. A computational model was created to use measured spray dispersion from a nozzle, measured boom heights in time, and measured sprayer position in time to calculate a spray coverage map. The model was used …

Autonomous Agricultural Equipment Evaluation For Broad-Acre Crop Production, Sofia Bahmutsky, Ashutosh Singh, Travis A. Burgers, Roy Maki

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Dna Storage Of Images: From Pixels To Molecules, Cihan Ruan

Engineering Ph.D. Theses

DNA storage is rapidly emerging as a transformative solution for long-term, ultra-dense, and energy-efficient archival systems. This dissertation builds upon a deep understanding of image compression principles to design encoding frameworks that are uniquely attuned to the biochemical constraints of DNA storage. By fusing insights from traditional coding with molecular-level design, we develop a series of technically advanced solutions tailored for this emerging medium.

Our first contribution introduces Dynamic DNA-Fountain, a constrained codec that maps H.266 /VVC-compressed bitstreams to quaternary DNA sequences, optimizing for both information density and biochemical synthesis constraints. Building upon this foundation, we shift focus toward robustness—leveraging …

Intercellular Stress Generation During 1d Collective Migration Of Cancer Cells, Logan Waddle

Physics Undergraduate Honors Theses

Physical forces drive many cellular processes such as migration and proliferation. A metastatic tumor will have invasive strands/chains that extend from the main tumor. These chains of cells collectively migrate away from the main tumor to establish new colonies elsewhere in the body. However, how physical forces drive this collective invasion and the required energy for this process is not well understood. Invasion of a metastatic tumor to surrounding tissues leads to a majority of cancer-associated death and is often a collective effort among cells, it is therefore important to fully understand the process behind collective cancer invasion.

The goal …

A Hierarchical Soft Computational Model For Optimizing Agricultural Uavs: Recruiting Neutrosophic Theory And Tree Soft Sets, Mona Mohamed, Nurhan Alaa, Bilal Arain, Karam M. Sallam

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Precision agriculture is being transformed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which make it possible for yield optimization, targeted spraying, and sophisticated crop monitoring. With an emphasis on their operational capabilities, economic feasibility, and environmental implications, this research explores the revolutionary potential of UAV technology in contemporary farming systems. Practically speaking, the procedure of opting UAVs for agricultural applications is complicated by several competing aspects, inherent uncertainties, and differing stakeholder agendas. This paper suggests a new hybrid decision framework that combines Tree Soft Sets (TrSS), Neutrosophic theory, and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) to methodically handle these issues. Hence, the robust hybrid model …

Towards Explainable And Robust Nlp: Neutrosophic Probability Augmentation In Text Classification, Nabil M. Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Khalid A. Eldrandaly

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The rapid growth of textual data necessitates advanced text classification models. However, traditional methods struggle with ambiguity and uncertainty in natural language, reducing classification reliability. To address this, we integrate neutrosophic logic, which explicitly models truth, indeterminacy, and falsity, into a DistilBERT-based text classification framework. Additionally, we employ data augmentation using synonym replacement to enhance generalization. Our approach is evaluated on the AG News dataset, classifying articles into four categories: World, Sports, Business, and Science/Technology. By incorporating neutrosophic attributes, the proposed framework assesses text quality, mitigates uncertainty, and improves robustness against ambiguous inputs. Experimental results demonstrate an accuracy of 94.10%, …

Re-Analysis Of The Anthropogenic Effect Of The Covid-19 Global Lockdown On Night-Time Lunar Surface Temperatures, W. Schonberg, S. Haque

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A study by Durga Prasad and Ambily observed an anomalous decrease in the lunar surface temperatures during the period April–May 2020, which they then attributed to the anthropogenic effects of the COVID-19 global lockdown effect. We have re-examined their data and while the anomalous decrease in the lunar surface temperature during April–May 2020 appears in our analysis as well, so does another significant dip in early 2018. Furthermore, the decline to the minimum observed during April–May 2020 is seen to begin in 2019, that is, quite some time before the COVID-19 event that led to the global lockdown and the …

A Review Of Disassembly Systems For Circular Product Design, Giovanni Formentini, Joao Pj. Prioli, Junwon Ko, Buddhika M. Hapuwatte, Vincenzo Ferrero, Fazleena Badurdeen, Jeremy L. Rickli, Devarajan Ramanujan

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Circular Economy (CE) is described as a means for maintaining products and materials in circulation while regenerating nature. This shift requires considering aspects at the product design phase that were not previously prioritized. One such aspect, disassembly, is a key enabler for CE. Design for Disassembly methodologies have been deployed for several years to enhance disassembly performance. However, when CE is of interest, it is essential to consider how disassembly affects the entire product life cycle system. In this regard, this paper proposes a literature review of relevant DfD methods from a system engineering perspective to evaluate their effects on …

Adaptive Oversight In Action: Proposing Context-Aware Governance For Ai In Cybersecurity, Russell S. Cunningham

Boise State Graduate Student Projects

Artificial intelligence is increasingly woven into cybersecurity operations, shaping everything from threat detection to automated incident response. While these technologies improve speed and scalability, they also raise urgent questions about governance, ethical use, and operational risk. Although frameworks such as the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, ISO/IEC 42001, the EU AI Act, IEEE's Ethically Aligned Design, and OECD AI Principles each offer structure, they tend to address only parts of the problem. Most focus on compliance or ethics but rarely both, and few are tailored to the high-pressure, risk-sensitive environments found in cybersecurity.

To bridge these gaps, this research proposes …

Toxicity And Biodegradability Of Novel Boronium Vs Conventional Ammonium Based Anti Microbial Compounds In Wastewater Treatment Systems, Noor Shalan

Poster Presentations

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are highly effective as disinfectants, herbicides, and pesticides; thus, overuse causes elevated levels of residual toxicity in domestic and industrial wastewater. QACs can be toxic to essential bacteria breaking down pollutants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and can remain untreated in effluent, harming the environment, and contributing to antibiotic resistance, posing risks to human health. Novel boronium-based antimicrobial compounds have demonstrated efficacy in eliminating bacteria, fungi, and viruses. If the boronium compounds exhibit lower residual toxicity, they could offer a promising alternative to QACs. Because these compounds are still in development, their potential toxicity to the …

Binary Solid/Liquid Equilibrium Of Mixtures Of Thermally Robust Salts And Molecular Compounds For Use As Heat Transfer Fluids, Jared Ridge Mathews

Poster Presentations

Fossil fuels, contributors to climate change that may bear catastrophic consequences, power the entire world. The human species is almost entirely dependent on fossil fuels for energy, but other sources of renewable and environmentally friendly energy must be developed. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is a promising source of renewable energy with hampered potential—better heat transfer fluids (HTFs) are needed for it to be economically feasible. Currently, the HTFs in industrial use are predominantly either synthetic oils or nitrate-based molten salts. Synthetic oils are only stable up to 400 °C, and molten salts often have high melting temperatures, making them prone …

Ghosts In Glass: Ghost Crabs (Ocypode Quadrata) As Judges Of Glass Sand For Coastal Restoration, Emily Parrish

Poster Presentations

Coastal erosion is heavily impacting coastal ecosystems across the Gulf. For instance, the state of Louisiana loses a football field worth of land every 100 minutes (Couvillion, 2017). The drastic loss of coastline highlights the dire need for restoration in the Northern Gulf Coast. An unexpected solution to this sediment loss may solve two major environmental issues at once by diverting millions of tons of glass waste from entering America’s landfills each year. By crushing glass to create sand and gravel for coastal restoration, we may generate a consistent and sustainable source of substrate. Our goal is to determine the …

Designing An Interactive Exit Ticket System To Enhance Learning In Engineering Education, Tapanga Witt

McNair Scholars Manuscripts

Within Grand Valley State University's (GVSU) Padnos College of Engineering, many first-year Engineering courses consistently see pass rates below 70%, signaling a need for stronger academic support. This is an issue across many universities; students are underprepared and face a lot of challenges with workload, pace, and independence due to the transition from high school to college (Flanigan, 2024). For this project, I designed and developed a website-based exit ticket system to support student reflection and instructor feedback. Using UX design principles, the platform offers a weekly self-reflection form that recommends resources like tutoring, office hours, or study groups. Gamification …

Collecting Human Subject Data For Modeling Maximum Potential Power At Specific Cadence And Fatigue Levels, Alexander John Minnich

Honors College Theses

The overarching goal of this research project was to investigate the relationship between a participant's maximum power (Watts) at a given cadence (RPM) on a specific fatigue level. Before conducting any experiments, we hypothesized that maximum power and cadence would decay linearly with fatigue. To do this, six days of testing for each of 4 human subjects were split across two phases. The first 4 days were devoted to Phase one, which focuses on determining the physical abilities of each unique participant and finding metabolic constants such as Critical Power and Anaerobic Work Capacity. Phase two then tests maximal power …

Effect Of Beam Bracing On The Seismic Performance Of Laterally Skewed Reduced Beam Section Moment Connections With Composite Concrete Slabs, Pratik Ghimire

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Existing experimental reduced beam section (RBS) moment frame investigations, particularly those used for prequalification in AISC-358, consider orthogonally oriented beam-to-column connections. While the design commentary provided in AISC-358 references recent skewed SMF numerical studies and potential performance effects when a lateral beam skew is introduced, limited experimental studies have been performed to verify the numerical findings. This study presents an experimental investigation into the cyclic behavior of RBS special moment frames that have lateral skew at the beam-to-column connection and composite concrete slabs. In this study, a skewed composite double-sided RBS connection is tested, having beam bracing outside the RBS …

Novel Atomic Layer Deposition Processes Of Silver For Battery Applications, Darlington Ehijie Imhanzuaria

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents a novel approach to enhance the performance and stability of anode-free lithium-ion batteries (AFLBs) by employing atomic layer deposition (ALD) to coat copper (Cu) current collectors with a silver-aluminum oxide (AgAlO_x) layer. Leveraging the unique capabilities of ALD for precise and conformal deposition, the AgAlO_x coating was achieved using triethyl phosphine-(6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionato)-silver(I) (Ag(fod)(PEt₃)), trimethylaluminum (TMA), and de-ionized water (H₂O) as precursors. This innovative coating method significantly enhanced the cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of both Li||Cu and Cu||NMC811 cells, as evidenced by improved electrochemical performance metrics. The AgAlO_x layer …

Sample Archival System For Quantum Device Manufacturing: Design, Construction, And Integration, Corbin Russ

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In the manufacturing of quantum devices using 2-dimentional (2D) materials, current processes rely on manual operations of production. MonArk Quantum Foundry is developing a facility to semi-automatically, and ultimately automatically, produce 2D materials. One crucial step in the experimentation process is archiving these materials and completed chips for future access. The sample archival system robot was produced to fulfill this need. The system is a 4 Degree-of-freedom (DOF) cartesian storage system that stores custom aluminum chip trays of sixty samples, having a total storage capacity of 14,400 samples. The sample archive system meets key goals from: it integrates with the …